[Arterial priapism as a complication of a stab wound in the perianal area].

The article describes a case of successful managenent of arterial priapism in a patient with a stab wound in the perianal area. Timely performed angiography revealed a pathological connection between a. Uretralis sinistra and spongy body. Disruption of the abnormal shunt resulted in immediate relief of erection with further preservation of erectile function. At the 3 and 6 months follow-up visits there were no signs of cavernous fibrosis or erectile dysfunction. The authors analyze the entire sequence of events in the management of the case, identify shortcomings, determine their significance and consider their prevention. The article is supplemented with a brief review of the literature on differential diagnosis of haemodynamic forms of priapism.

Role of oxidative stress and mitochondria in onset of urinary bladder dysfunction under acute urine retention.

Acute urine retention is a frequent complication in patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate gland. According to studies made on experimental animals and people, it is accompanied by the deterioration of the bladder blood supply. This study attempts to explore the relationship of intramural blood flow, production of reactive oxygen species, and functional state of the bladder detrusor in modeling of acute urine retention in rats, as well as the impact of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (which are supposed to alleviate the effects of oxidative stress induced by experimental ischemia) on these parameters. The study showed beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQR1 in preventing damage of the bladder caused by acute urinary retention, which suggests the therapeutic use of this type of compounds for the treatment of ischemic abnormalities of the urinary bladder.

Assessment of intramural blood flow and neurogenic control in intact and hypertrophic urinary bladder with harmonic analysis of bioimpedance in rats.

High-resolution impedancometry and harmonic (Fourier) analysis of variable component of bioimpedance revealed rhythmic oscillations of urinary bladder bioimpedance at the Mayer wave, respiration, and heartbeat frequencies. The power values of the corresponding Mayer, respiratory, and cardiac peaks were calculated to assess circulation in the urinary bladder wall and its autonomic nervous control at various stages of infusion cystometry in intact rats and in the rats with preliminary formed infravesical obstruction (IVO). In intact rats, filling of the bladder with physiological saline diminished the power of the first (fundamental) cardiac peak attesting to a decrease of the blood flow in the bladder wall. Simultaneously, the power of low-frequency Mayer peak reflecting sympathetic activity increased, while the power of respiratory peak decreased supposedly reflecting abatement of the parasympathetic influences. Bladder voiding was accompanied by a decrease of Mayer peak and increase of the respiratory one. Prior to infusion cystometry, the intravesical pressure in IVO rats was elevated while the power of fundamental cardiac peak was below the control value. Filling the bladder in these rats was accompanied by further decrease of the cardiac peak reflecting still greater drop in blood supply. In control rats, voiding the bladder normalized the vesical circulation assessed by the cardiac peak, while in IVO rats this peak remained decreased. The reciprocal changes of Mayer and respiratory peaks observed during infusion cystometry in the norm were replaced by unidirectional decrease in the power of both peaks in IVO rats, which probably attest to disturbance of autonomic nervous control in the hypertrophic urinary bladder in these rats.

[Morphologic and functional heterogeneous changes of the urinary bladder different parts at rats with infravesical obstruction of the urinary tracts].

Infravesical obstruction of the lower urinary tracts of 30 rats was carried out by the measured constriction of the urethral prevesical parts. Morphologic and functional changes of the urinary bladder different parts were studied in 1 week and in 3 months. Compensatory hypertrophy of the detrusor was accompanied increasing of hypertrophied, atrophic and native forms of leiomyocytes, as so their transformation into myofibroblasts with connective tissue formation between the muscle fibers mainly in the neck of urinary bladder Contractility of the detrusor decreased with their tonus increasing mainly in the neck of urinary bladder too. Weakening effect of adrenalin in 3 month after obstruction significantly decreased, while in the body and neck of urinary bladder it virtually disappeared. Blockade of alpha-adrenoreceptors after noradrenalin stimulation resulted in enchancement of the hypertrophic detrusor contraction when tonus of the urinary neck decreased. On the contrary, in the intact urinary bladder the similarly influence resulted in weakening of contraction.

Heterogeneity of morphological and functional changes in various compartments of rat urinary bladder in infravesical obstruction of the urinary tract.

Infravesical obstruction of the lower urinary tract was simulated in rats by dosed constriction of the prevesical portion of the urethra. The functional and morphological changes in various urinary bladder compartments were evaluated after 1 week and 3 months. The development of compensatory hypertrophy of the detrusor was associated with an increase in the number of hypertrophic, atrophic, and young leiomyocyte forms and their transformation into myofibroblasts, with the formation of connective tissue laminae between myofibril bundles mainly in the zone of urinary urinary bladder neck. Specific contractility of the detrusor strips decreased with increasing their tone, which was most pronounced in the neck zone. The relaxing effect of norepinephrine was significantly lower after 3 months of obstruction and virtually disappeared in the zone of the urinary bladder body and neck. Blockade of a-adrenoceptors after adrenostimulation with norepinephrine stimulated contractions of the hypertrophic detrusor against the background of reduced tone of the urinary bladder neck, in contrast to intact urinary bladder where this treatment reduced contractions.