RESUMO
The truxillates constitute a large class of dimeric natural products featuring a central, highly substituted cyclobutane core. In principle, these structures could be efficiently synthesized via [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. However, the difficulty in controlling the high-energy electronically excited reactive intermediates in the solution state can lead to poor regio- and diastereocontrol. This has limited the use of photocycloaddition methodology toward the synthesis of this important class of natural products. Herein, we demonstrate that acid-controlled precipitation of C-acyl imidazoles promotes a highly selective solid-state photocycloaddition, and the products of this reaction can be quickly transformed into truxillate natural products.
RESUMO
Recently, the utilization of biological agents in the green synthesis of nanoparticles has been given interest. In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from an aqueous extract of macrofungus (mushroom), namely Phellinus adamantinus, in a dark room using 20 µL of silver nitrate. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were confirmed by analyzing them using a UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible) spectrophotometer. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were optimized at different pH and temperatures with various dosages of AgNO3 (silver nitrate) and fungal extracts. The synthesized AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) were characterized using TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray) analyses, which confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The size of the nanosilver particles was found to be 50 nm with higher stability. The mycosynthesized AgNPs showed effective antibacterial activity against strains of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 3.125 µg/mL by MIC assay. The MTT assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) was performed to study cytotoxicity, and reduced cell viability was recorded at 100 µg/mL. Silver-Polygalacturonic acid-Polyvinyl alcohol ((Ag-PGA)-PVA) nanofiber was prepared using the electrospinning method. The in vitro wound scratch assay was demonstrated to study the wound-healing efficacy of the prepared nanofiber. The wound-healing efficacy of the AgNP-incorporated nanofiber was found to be 20% after 24 h. This study will lay a platform to establish a unique route to the development of a novel nanobiomaterial and its application in antibacterial and wound-healing therapy.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Prata , Nitrato de Prata , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , CorantesRESUMO
The total synthesis of iheyamine A from readily available ethyl 2-aminocinnamate and 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxaldehyde is described. The cyanide-catalyzed imino-Stetter reaction of an aldimine derived from ethyl 2-aminocinnamate and 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxaldehyde provided the desired unsymmetrical 2,2'-bisindole-3-acetic acid derivative. The subsequent introduction of an amino group at the C-3' position, followed by the formation of the azepine ring, completed the total synthesis of iheyamine A.
RESUMO
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a potent source of cell-based regenerative therapeutics used to treat patients with ischemic disease. However, disease-induced oxidative stress disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis in transplanted hMSCs, resulting in hMSC apoptosis and reducing their efficacy post-transplantation. To address this issue, we evaluated the effects of melatonin on cellular defense mechanisms and mitophagy in hMSCs subjected to oxidative stress. H2O2-induced oxidative stress increases the levels of reactive oxygen species and reduces membrane potential in hMSCs, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Oxidative stress also decreases the expression of 70-kDa heat shock protein 1L (HSPA1L), a molecular chaperone that assists in the recruitment of parkin to the autophagosomal mitochondrial membrane. Decreased expression of HSPA1L destabilizes parkin, thereby impairing mitophagy. Our results indicate that treating hMSCs with melatonin significantly inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress, which decreased hMSCs apoptosis. In damaged hMSCs, treatment with melatonin increased the levels of HSPA1L, which bound to parkin. The interaction between HSPA1L and parkin increased membrane potential and levels of oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in enhanced mitophagy. Our results indicate that melatonin increased the expression of HSPA1L, thereby upregulating mitophagy and prolonging cell survival under conditions of oxidative stress. In this study, we have shown that melatonin, a readily available compound, can be used to improve hMSC-based therapies for patients with pathologic conditions involving oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Melatonina/farmacologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Mitofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Cima , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/efeitos adversos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Estabilidade Proteica , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Ativação Transcricional , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/química , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of dry radish leaf and root on the quality of pork patties during refrigeration storage. METHODS: The patties were divided into the following three groups: the control containing 0% dry radish leaf root powder, RL1 containing 0.5% dry radish leaf root powder, and RL2 and RL3 containing 1% and 2% dry radish leaf root powder, respectively. Proximate composition, pH, cooking loss, microbial analysis, lipid oxidation analysis, color, texture profile analysis and sensory test were performed. RESULTS: Moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents in RL2 and RL3 were significantly higher than those in other groups (p<0.05), whereas crude fat contents in RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05). Lightness was significantly lower in RL2 and RL3 than in CON (p<0.05). Cooking loss for RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than those for the other groups (p<0.05). The pH, thiobarbituric acid levels, and total plate counts of RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than those of CON at days 7 and 14 (p<0.05). Hardness values of RL2 and RL3 were significantly lower than those of CON, whereas chewiness values were higher than those of CON (p<0.05). In addition, the juiciness of RL2 were significantly greater (p<0.05) than those of the other groups. CONCLUSION: Dried radish leaves and roots improved the proximate composition and quality characteristics of pork patties, providing a basis to produce high-quality patties with extended expiration dates. Thus, dried radish leaves and roots are effective ingredients for health or functional foods.
RESUMO
Recent progress in genetic manipulation of pigs designated for xenotransplantation ha6s shown considerable promise on xenograft survival in primates. However, genetic modification of multiple genes in donor pigs by knock-out and knock-in technologies, aiming to enhance immunological tolerance against transplanted organs in the recipients, has not been evaluated for health issues of donor pigs. We produced transgenic Massachusetts General Hospital piglets by knocking-out the α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GT) gene and by simultaneously knocking-in an expression cassette containing five different human genes including, DAF, CD39, TFPI, C1 inhibitor (C1-INH), and TNFAIP3 (A20) [GT-(DAF/CD39/TFPI/C1-INH/TNFAIP3)/+] that are connected by 2A peptide cleavage sequences to release individual proteins from a single translational product. All five individual protein products were successfully produced as determined by western blotting of umbilical cords from the newborn transgenic pigs. Although gross observation and histological examination revealed no significant pathological abnormality in transgenic piglets, hematological examination found that the transgenic piglets had abnormally low numbers of platelets and WBCs, including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes. However, transgenic piglets had similar numbers of RBC and values of parameters related to RBC compared to the control littermate piglets. These data suggest that transgenic expression of those human genes in pigs impaired hematopoiesis except for erythropoiesis. In conclusion, our data suggest that transgenic expression of up to five different genes can be efficiently achieved and provide the basis for determining optimal dosages of transgene expression and combinations of the transgenes to warrant production of transgenic donor pigs without health issues.
Assuntos
Animais Geneticamente Modificados/genética , Eritropoese/genética , Galactosiltransferases/genética , Transgenes/genética , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Antígenos CD/genética , Apirase/genética , Proteína Inibidora do Complemento C1/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Inativação de Genes , Hematopoese/genética , Humanos , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas/genética , Suínos , Transplante Heterólogo , Proteína 3 Induzida por Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the ACL tibial footprint size can be predicted by anthropometric variables including height, weight, leg length, femur length, tibia length, and anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters of proximal tibia. METHODS: This study included 209 out of the 378 eligible patients. The inclusion criterion was ACL with normal gross appearance. Patients with conditions that could have affected the measurement were excluded: torn ACL, osteophyte formation around the ACL tibial attachment, presence of inflammatory arthritis, or history of knee joint infection. According to the above criteria, 169 patients were excluded from this study; 138 had torn ACL, 24 had osteophyte around the ACL footprint, 5 had history of rheumatoid arthritis, and 2 had history of previous knee joint infection. The ACL tibial footprint was carefully dissected and measured during total knee arthroplasty. Anthropometric variables regarding bone lengths were measured on radiography. The association of the ACL tibial footprint size (length and width) with anthropometric variables was analysed using simple and multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: The height, weight, leg length, femur length, tibia length, and the size of proximal tibia were associated with the ACL tibial footprint length and width. The ACL tibial footprint length could be predicted by the equation using tibia length: ACL tibial footprint length = -9.361 + 0.759 * (tibia length in cm) (R 2 = 0.44, P < 0.001) and width by the equation using weight and tibia length: ACL tibial footprint width = -0.5615 + 0.279 * (tibia length in cm) + 0.0333 * (weight in kgs) (R 2 = 0.17, P < 0.001). The concordance correlation coefficient for the measured and predicted values of ACL tibial footprint length and width showed moderate and low agreement, respectively (0.61, 95 % CI 0.53-0.68; 0.30, 95 % CI 0.21-0.38). CONCLUSION: The ACL tibial footprint length and width are associated with anthropometric variables, especially with tibial length. The predictive equation developed from this study can serve as supplementary guides to determine the surgical techniques and graft options in preoperative planning of an individual ACL reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
Assuntos
Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/anatomia & histologia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Antropometria/métodos , Artrite Infecciosa , Artrite Reumatoide , Artroplastia do Joelho , Peso Corporal , Feminino , Fêmur/cirurgia , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho/anatomia & histologia , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tíbia/anatomia & histologia , Tíbia/cirurgia , Transplantes/cirurgiaRESUMO
In the present investigation, engineered ZnO nanoparticles were tested for their induced oxidative stress in T47D tumor cell lines. The expressions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related genes, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase were quantified by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, qualitative analysis of GST was also performed at the cell level using molecular beacon (MB) technology. The tested nanoparticles were 20 nm in size, water-dispersible and treated on human breast tumor epithelial cell lines at 20, 40, 80 µg/ml concentration with 14, 28, 48 h incubation times. Nanoparticles induced expressions of ROS responsive genes at molecular and cellular level, produces consistent results with respect to different dosage and incubation time. The experiment showed that the expression of both GST and catalase genes were maximized at 28 h with 80 µg/ml concentration. However, the toxic effect of the monodisperse ZnO nanoparticles was not significant compared with control experiments, demonstrating its high potential in the applications of nanomedicines for a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.
Assuntos
Citotoxinas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Óxido de Zinco , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citotoxinas/química , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologiaRESUMO
Water-dispersible MgO nanoparticles were tested to investigate their cytotoxic effects on oxidative stress gene expression. In this in vitro study, genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase, were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reactions (molecular level) and molecular beacon technologies (cellular level). The monodispersed MgO nanoparticles, 20 nm in size, were used to treat human cancer cell lines (liver cancer epithelial cells) at different concentrations (25, 75 and 150 µg/mL) and incubation times (24, 48 and 72 h). Both the genetic and cellular cytotoxic screening methods produced consistent results, showing that GST and catalase ROS gene expression was maximized at 150 µg/mL nanoparticle treatment with 48 h incubation. However, the genotoxic effect of MgO nanoparticles was not significant compared with control experiments, which indicates its significant potential applications in nanomedicine as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Óxido de Magnésio/farmacologia , Nanopartículas/química , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Óxido de Magnésio/síntese química , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/genética , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
In this study, cellulose/Fe3O4 hydrogel microbeads were prepared through the sol-gel transition of a solvent-in-oil emulsion using various cellulose-dissolving solvents and soybean oil without surfactants. Particularly, 40% tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) and 40% tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH) dissolved cellulose at room temperature and effectively dispersed Fe3O4, forming cellulose/Fe3O4 microbeads with an average diameter of ~15 µm. Additionally, these solvents co-dissolved cellulose and silk, allowing for the manufacture of cellulose/silk/Fe3O4 hydrogel microbeads with altered surface characteristics. Owing to the negatively charged surface characteristics, the adsorption capacity of the cellulose/silk/Fe3O4 microbeads for the cationic dye crystal violet was >10 times higher than that of the cellulose/Fe3O4 microbeads. When prepared with TBAH, the initial adsorption rate of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the cellulose/silk/Fe3O4 microbeads was 18.1 times higher than that on the cellulose/Fe3O4 microbeads. When preparing TBPH, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the cellulose/silk/Fe3O4 microbeads for BSA (1.6 g/g) was 8.5 times higher than that of the cellulose/Fe3O4 microbeads. The pH-dependent BSA release from the cellulose/silk/Fe3O4 microbeads prepared with TBPH revealed 6.1-fold slower initial desorption rates and 5.2-fold lower desorption amounts at pH 2.2 than those at pH 7.4. Cytotoxicity tests on the cellulose and cellulose/silk composites regenerated with TBAH and TBPH yielded nontoxic results. Therefore, cellulose/silk/Fe3O4 microbeads are considered suitable pH-responsive supports for orally administered protein pharmaceuticals.
RESUMO
The prospective application of probiotics is an adjuvant for the advancement of novel antimicrobial and wound-healing agents. Currently, probiotic bacteria are utilized for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles in the development of innovative therapeutics. The present study aimed at using nanoparticle-conjugated probiotic bacteria for enhanced antibacterial and wound-healing activity. In the present investigation, the probiotic bacteria were isolated from a dairy source (milk from domestic herbivores). They screened for antibacterial activity against infection-causing Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) pathogens. Further, the probiotic strain with higher bactericidal activity was used to synthesize silver, selenium, and copper nanoparticles. The isolated strain was found to be Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and it only has the ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles. This was verified using Ultra violet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, where the test solution turned brown and the greatest UV-Vis absorptions peaked at 425 nm. Optimization studies on the synthesis of AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) are presented and the results show that stable synthesis was obtained by using a concentration of 1mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) at a temperature of 37 °C with pH 8. The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) study confirmed the involvement of functional groups from the cell biomass that were involved in the reduction process. Additionally, biosynthesized AgNPs showed increased antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The nano silver had a size distribution of 14 nm and was recorded with HR-TEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) examination. The EDX (energy dispersive X-ray) analysis revealed 57% of silver groups found in the nanoparticle production. The biosynthesized AgNPs show significant wound-healing capabilities with 96% of wound closure (fibroblast cells) being observed through an in vitro scratch-wound assay. The cytotoxic experiments demonstrated that the biosynthesized AgNPs are not extremely hazardous to the fibroblast cells. The present study provides a new platform for the green synthesis of AgNPs using probiotic bacteria, showing significant antibacterial and wound-healing potentials against infectious pathogens.
RESUMO
In Korea, Angelica gigas is commonly known as Danggui. However, two other species on the market, Angelica acutiloba and Angelica sinensis, are also commonly called Danggui. Since the three Angelica species have different biologically active components, thus, different pharmacological activities, clear discrimination between them is needed to prevent their misuse. A. gigas is used not only as a cut or powdered product but also in processed foods, where it is mixed with other ingredients. To discriminate between the three Angelica species, reference samples were analysed as non-targeted using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) and a metabolomics approach in which a discrimination model was established by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Then, the Angelica species in the processed foods were identified. First, 32 peaks were selected as marker compounds and a discrimination model was created using PLS-DA, and its validation was confirmed. Classification of the Angelica species was undertaken using the YPredPS value, and it was confirmed that all 21 foods examined contained the appropriate Angelica species indicated on the product packaging. Likewise, it was confirmed that all three Angelica species were accurately classified in the samples to which they were added.
Assuntos
Angelica sinensis , Angelica , Angelica/química , Espectrometria de Massas , Angelica sinensis/química , Cromatografia Líquida , Metabolômica/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta PressãoRESUMO
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a representative neglected tropical disease (NTD) with increased morbidity and mortality but is ignored and overlooked in developed countries. Serological and radiographic findings are helpful in distinguishing these parasites; however, conflicting results of these can make it difficult to diagnose if medical knowledge of hepatic parasitic disease, including the etiology, features of imaging, and immunodiagnostic test, is not acquired. We report the case of a male patient with dyspepsia and right epigastric pain who had positive results for cysticercosis antibodies on immunodiagnostic examination. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed two huge communicating cystic lesions measuring 8-11 cm. Further evaluations for cysticercosis of the brain (neurocysticercosis) and eyes (intraocular cysticercosis) were unremarkable throughout the brain imaging test and fundus examination. A laparoscopic right hemi-hepatectomy was performed for diagnosis and treatment. On histopathological examination, diverse stages of Echinococcus granulosus were identified. Albendazole was administered postoperatively, and the patient was also followed up. We should be aware of the etiologies that have been prevalent in parasite infection thought to be the cause of hepatic cysts. Moreover, we make an effort to ascertain the patient's nationality, past travel experiences, and immediate environment, including any animals and pets. We present the case of a patient who was worried about the possibility of liver invasion of cysticercus due to the positivity of the cysticercosis antibody and was ultimately diagnosed with CE.
RESUMO
Control of hazardous indoor particles using plants has attracted interest due to the increasing worldwide air pollution and spread of pandemic-causing viruses. However, the interaction between human pathogenic viruses (HPVs) and live plants has not been examined largely due to issues in detecting tiny amounts of infectious viruses in a carrier (such as an aerosol) and the lack of suitable examination methods. In this study, as a novel evaluation method, the effect of submerged leaves of live plants on HPVs in water was examined, using the H1N1 influenza virus as a model. Selected plant foliage of a live plant was immersed in a small bag containing HPV water suspension. In an initial screening test, the activities of 20 different plant species on the virus suspension were evaluated using a rapid virus detection kit. Ten plant species had the capability to decrease virus concentrations in the water suspension within 72 h. Among the experimental plant species, Epipremnum aureum showed the highest virus decreasing characteristics when examined using both the kit and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The capacity of immersed leaf of live E. aureum to decrease viral content was enhanced when the plant-containing pot was electrically grounded to the earth (approximately 70% decrease in virus concentration). The foliage sample analysis showed that virus adsorption to the plant foliage surface could be the major reason for the decrease in the suspension. These results suggest that the proposed method can be applied to select plants to further investigate plant-HPV interactions.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Plantas , Folhas de Planta , ÁguaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy results rely on physician ability to target the gland according to the biopsy schema. However, to our knowledge it is unknown how accurately the freehand, transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy cores are placed in the prostate and how the geometric distribution of biopsy cores may affect the prostate cancer detection rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the geometric distribution of cores, we developed a biopsy simulation system with pelvic mock-ups and an optical tracking system. Mock-ups were biopsied in a freehand manner by 5 urologists and by our transrectal ultrasound robot, which can support and move the transrectal ultrasound probe. We compared 1) targeting errors, 2) the accuracy and precision of repeat biopsies, and 3) the estimated significant prostate cancer (0.5 cm(3) or greater) detection rate using a probability based model. RESULTS: Urologists biopsied cores in clustered patterns and under sampled a significant portion of the prostate. The robot closely followed the predefined biopsy schema. The mean targeting error of the urologists and the robot was 9.0 and 1.0 mm, respectively. Robotic assistance significantly decreased repeat biopsy errors with improved accuracy and precision. The mean significant prostate cancer detection rate of the urologists and the robot was 36% and 43%, respectively (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Systematic biopsy with freehand transrectal ultrasound guidance does not closely follow the sextant schema and may result in suboptimal sampling and cancer detection. Repeat freehand biopsy of the same target is challenging. Robotic assistance with optimized biopsy schemas can potentially improve targeting, precision and accuracy. A clinical trial is needed to confirm the additional benefits of robotic assistance.
Assuntos
Biópsia com Agulha de Grande Calibre/instrumentação , Simulação por Computador , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Próstata/patologia , Robótica , Ultrassom Focalizado Transretal de Alta Intensidade/métodos , Biópsia com Agulha de Grande Calibre/métodos , Endossonografia/métodos , Humanos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem/métodos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
A wide variety of new synthetic cannabinoids have emerged around the world in recent years, and because of this rapid emergence, the detection and monitoring of this class of abused drugs remain a challenge. In this study, a new cannabimimetic indazole-3-carboxamide derivative, N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)- 5-bromo-1 H-indazole-3-carboxamide, was identified from seized e-cigarette liquid samples and newly named as ADB-BRINACA by referring to the names of other known indazole-class synthetic cannabinoids. Structure identification was accomplished based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). The concentration range of ADB-BRINACA in six e-cigarette liquid samples was found to be 2228-4203 mg/L using ERETIC 2, a quantitative NMR method, which is advantageous in the absence of a reference material. As there have been no chemical or pharmaceutical reports on ADB-BRINACA until now, this is the first report presenting a comprehensive analytical characterization of ADB-BRINACA.
Assuntos
Canabinoides , Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Canabinoides/análise , Indazóis/análise , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodosRESUMO
Calystegia soldanella is a halophyte and a perennial herb that grows on coastal sand dunes worldwide. Extracts from this plant have been previously revealed to have a variety of bioactive properties in humans. However, their effects on colorectal cancer cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, the potential biological activity of C. soldanella extracts in the colorectal cancer cell line HT29 was examined. First, five solvent fractions [nhexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, nbutanol and water] were obtained from the crude extracts of C. soldanella through an organic solvent extraction method. In particular, the DCM fraction was demonstrated to exert marked dose and timedependent inhibitory effects according to results from the cell viability assay. Data obtained from the apoptosis assay suggested that the inhibition of HT29 cell viability induced by DCM treatment was attributed to increased apoptosis. The apoptotic rate was markedly increased in a dosedependent manner, which was associated with the protein expression levels of apoptosisrelated proteins, including increased Fas, Bad and Bax, and decreased procaspase8, Bcl2, BclxL, procaspase9, procaspase7 and procaspase3. A mitochondrial membrane potential assay demonstrated that more cells became depolarized and the extent of cytochrome c release was markedly increased in a dosedependent manner in HT29 cells treated with DCM. In addition, cell cycle analysis confirmed Sphase arrest following DCM fraction treatment, which was associated with decreased protein expression levels of cell cyclerelated proteins, such as cyclin A, CDK2, cell division cycle 25 A and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1. Based on these results, the present study suggested that the DCM fraction of the C. soldanella extract can inhibit HT29 cell viability whilst inducing apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane potential regulation and Sphase arrest. These results also suggested that the DCM fraction has potential anticancer activity in HT29 colorectal cells. Further research on the composition of the DCM fraction is warranted.
Assuntos
Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Calystegia/química , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Pontos de Checagem da Fase S do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais , Citocromos c/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células HT29 , Humanos , Cloreto de Metileno/químicaRESUMO
Angelica gigas, a popular medicinal herb in Korea, is locally called Danggui; this name is similarly used for Angelica acutiloba and Angelica sinensis, which are also sold in the retail market. These three herbs have differing therapeutic effects and should be used according to their prescribed purposes. In some retail markets, though, all three herbs are known by the same common name rather than a scientific name and can therefore be confused with each other. In particular, in the case of powdered products, intentional or unintentional wrong sales activity by the seller may occur. In this study, non-targeted analysis was performed using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry to discriminate between the three Angelica herbs, and marker compounds were identified by principal component analysis. Principal component analysis was applied to the whole dataset with the variables being sample name, peak name (m/z with retention time), and ion intensity extracted in advance by peak finding, alignment, and filtering. All three herbs were visually and clearly differentiated in the score plot, and the marker compounds that contributed to their discrimination were found in the loading plot through principal component variable grouping (PCVG). Among the marker compounds, coumarins contributed to the classification of A. gigas, and phthalides contributed to the classification of A. sinensis. The three Angelica herbs were well discriminated from each other. Within the three Angelica species investigated, marker compounds can determine the species of even powdered or extracted samples that cannot be visually identified.
Assuntos
Angelica , Angelica/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Análise Multivariada , Raízes de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
In this study, we prepared alginate composite hydrogel beads containing various compositions of biochar produced from pitch pine (Pinus rigida) for the removal of Cu2+ and benzene from model pollutant solutions. The properties of the alginate/biochar hydrogel beads were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer−Emmet−Teller analyses. Adsorption behavior of alginate/biochar hydrogel beads indicated that the adsorption capacities for Cu2+ (28.6−72.7 mg/g) were enhanced with increasing alginate content, whereas the adsorption capacities for benzene (20.0−52.8 mg/g) were improved with increasing biochar content. The alginate/biochar hydrogel beads exhibited similar adsorption capacities for Cu2+ and benzene in the concurrent system with Cu2+ and benzene compared to those in a single pollutant system. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies of the alginate/biochar hydrogel beads followed the pseudo-second-order model (r2 = 0.999 for Cu2+, and r2 = 0.999 for benzene), and Langmuir model (r2 = 0.999 for Cu2+, and r2 = 0.995 for benzene). In addition, alginate/biochar hydrogel beads (containing 1 and 4% biochar) exhibited high reusability (>80%). Therefore, alginate/biochar hydrogel beads can be applied as adsorbents for the removal of multiple pollutants with different properties from wastewater.
RESUMO
Elliptical excision is a simple, cosmetically satisfying and popular technique for surgically removing skin lesions. However, in certain situations, elliptical excision can produce resulting permanent skin deformity that is cosmetically unsightly. This article provides a series of cases that demonstrate clinical applications using S-plasty to produce a more cosmetically satisfying outcome.