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Background: Venezuela has suffered a severe academic and research management crisis and funding opportunities for marine research and data management have been practically absent. This has worsened over the past five years and, as a result, libraries and other institutional spaces have been repeatedly vandalised, with hundreds of records, specimens and historical data stolen, destroyed or burned. To avoid the loss of irreplaceable data on Venezuelan biodiversity, an initiative was promoted, aimed at digitising information to create a rich dataset of biodiversity records, with emphasis on marine protected areas for the country, as well as to fill gaps in the distribution and status of marine biodiversity in Venezuela. Nighteen (19) institutions in the country focusing on marine science have consistently produced a wealth of information about Venezuela's marine biodiversity in the form of specimen collections, unpublished sampled data and research theses through the work of hundreds of researchers and students. An inventory of available data sources at these national institutions was conducted under the National Biodiversity Data Mobilization Grant and the Biodiversity Information for Development Program, together with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) support. All recovered and processed datasets were published in the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) repositories. New information: This occurrences data collection represents a major contribution to the marine biodiversity inventory in Venezuela. It is based on numerous published papers, reports, books and checklists provided by experts, covering a broad taxonomic collection from which we obtained species occurrences (present and absent), organised into 59 datasets containing 40,881 records. This represents a 28.49% contribution to the records of the Venezuelan marine biodiversity reported to the OBIS (143,513 records in the OBIS until November 2022). The extracted data showed 3,041 marine species, with representatives of each of the six kingdoms: Animalia, Chromista, Bacteria, Plantae, Fungi and Protozoa. The datasets provide information on occurrence since 1822, extending the temporal coverage of the species occurrence inventory for Venezuela, which was established in 1879 before this project. The number of records for Venezuela increased by 41.3% compared with the data available before the project. Most of the occurrences (63.47%) were registered in Marine Protected Areas. Data collection included records of non-native species, descriptions of new species and species listed under different IUCN categories.
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The order Amphipoda is one of the most diverse within Peracarids, and comprises 6 950 described marine species. Amphipod research in the Caribbean Sea began in the late 1 800s, but has increased significantly since 1 980. In this study, we analized the amphipod biodiversity (Caprellidea, Gammaridea, Hyperiidea, and Ingolfiellidea) of the Caribbean Sea. For this, we compiled available data on species diversity of marine amphipods (data bases: WoRMS and OBIS and published species lists) into a comprehensive taxonomic list by country for the ecoregions of the Caribbean. Additionally, we analized the relative contribution of each country to regional diversity and the rate of discovery of new species. The Caribbean amphipod fauna is composed of 535 species within 236 genera and 73 families for the higher taxon. The Western Caribbean ecoregion holds the largest diversity (282 species), while the Eastern Caribbean recorded the lowest one (73). Mexico and Venezuela recorded the largest number of species with 266 and 206, respectively. Twelve countries had less than 50 species. The richest suborder is the Gammaridea with 381 species followed by the suborder Hyperiidea with 116. From the total of 535 amphipod species reported for the Caribbean region, 218 have the Caribbean as the holotype locality, and 132 are endemic (about 25% of the total). Areas of higher diversity seem to be concentrated along the Mexican Caribbean, Cuba and the Northern coast of South America (Venezuela-Colombia); however, such pattern is most likely reflecting local collection efforts and taxonomic expertise rather than actual distribution. Knowledge of amphipod species is mostly limited to shallow, near-shore waters, with little information available on the deep sea fauna. Regional research priorities for this group should be focused on completing shallow water coastal inventories of species in Central America and the Greater and Lesser Antilles. In addition, sampling the deep sea ecosystems should follow along with other particular habitats such as anchialine cave systems. It is also neccessary to increase ecological research efforts, mainly in some speciose suborders, including the Caprellidea and Hyperiidea, known to exhibit high diversity in other tropical localities. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (4): 1681-1720. Epub 2013 December 01.
El orden Amphipoda es uno de los más diversos dentro de los Peracáridos. Las investigaciones sobre este orden en el Mar Caribe se iniciaron a finales de los años 1800, incrementándose significativamente a partir de 1980. En este estudio se analizó la biodiversidad de los anfípodos (Caprellidea, Gammaridea, Hyperiidea e Ingolfiellidea) en el Mar Caribe, compilándose los registros de especies citadas en las diversas ecorregiones del área, tanto en publicaciones como a través de bases de datos (WoRMS y OBIS). Se listan un total de 535 especies pertenecientes a 236 géneros y 73 familias. La ecorregión del Caribe Occidental presentó la mayor riqueza específica (282), mientras que el Caribe Oriental presentó el menor valor (73). México y Venezuela presentaron el mayor número de especies registradas (266 y 206, respectivamente), mientras que doce países presentaron menos de 50. Los Gammaridea fueron el grupo más diverso con 387 especies, seguido de los Hyperiidea (116 especies). Hasta el presente, se han descrito 218 especies nuevas en aguas del Caribe, de las cuales 132 son endémicas. Las áreas con mayor diversidad de anfípodos se concentraron a lo largo del caribe Mexicano, Cuba y la costa norte de Sur-América (Venezuela-Colombia); sin embargo, este patron refleja más bien un mayor esfuerzo en la recoleccion de estos organismos y una mayor experticia taxonómica, que un patron específico de distribución del grupo. En general, el conocimiento del grupo se limita a las aguas someras, con muy poca información sobre zonas profundas. En este sentido, las prioridades de investigación regional en este grupo, debe enfocar un mayor esfuerzo en la costa de Centro América y las Antillas Mayores y Menores. Así mismo, es necesario aumentar las recolecciones en aguas profundas y otros ecosistemas particulares como los anquialinos. Por último, es importante aumentar las investigaciones taxonómicas y ecológicas de los taxones que presentan mayor diversidad.
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Animais , Anfípodes/classificação , Biodiversidade , Oceano Atlântico , Região do CaribeRESUMO
In spite of their economic importance, coral reef communities of the world are rapidly decreasing, and an adequate management planification is needed. The benthic and fish communities of Dos Mosquises Sur and Madrizquí at Los Roques National Park, and Caiman and Cayo Norte at Morrocoy National Park, in Venezuela were monitored during 2003 and 2004. The CARICOMP method was used to describe the benthic community, and the AGRRA protocol was applied to the fish community assessment. The benthic cover of five broad living categories (i.e. corals, algae, sponge and octocorals) differed across the sites (Nested ANOVA, p < 0.05), but there were no statistical differences between parks. Despite being on different parks, the benthic cover in Dos Mosquises Sur and Cayo Norte was similar (76% based on Bray-Curtis), whereas Caiman differed greatly (57- 68%) from all other sites. The cover of hard coral, algae, sponges and octocorals was similar between 2003 and 2004 in all four sites. Similarly, the fish community structure of both parks did not change over time, and was dominated by herbivores (Pomacentridae, Scaridae and Acanthuridae). However, commercially important carnivores (e.g. Lutjanids and Serranids) were more abundant in Los Roques than in Morrocoy. Although it was expected that the benthic cover and fish community would reflect greater differences between Los Roques and Morrocoy, only the fish community appeared healthier in Los Roques, whereas Cayo Norte (Morrocoy), had a coral cover similar or higher than both sites of Los Roques. Thus, our results suggest that in Venezuela, oceanic reef sites are not necessarily healthier (i.e. higher coral cover) than land-influenced coral communities. The addition of three new sites and the reincorporation of Caiman has improved and expanded the monitoring capabilities in Venezuela and it represents the first step towards the consolidation of a coral reef monitoring program for the country. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (Suppl. 1): 51-65. Epub 2010 May 01.
En este estudio se describe la condición de las comunidades bentónicas e ictícolas en cuatro arrecifes que fueron monitorizados durante 2003 y 2004 en Venezuela: Dos Mosquises Sur y Madrizquí en el Parque Nacional Archpiélago Los Roques y Caimán y Cayo Norte en el Parque Nacional Morrocoy. Para ello, empleamos los protocolos de CARICOMP y AGRRA para describir la comunidad bentónica e ictícola, respectivamente. La cobertura de los cinco principales grupos bentónicos difirió entre arrecifes (ANOVA anidado, p < 0.05) más no entre parques. A pesar de pertenecer a diferentes parques la estructura de la comunidad bentónica entre Dos Mosquises Sur y Cayo Norte mostró un índice de similitud (Bray-Curtis) de 76%, mientras que Caiman difirió entre 57 y 68% con respecto a todos los arrecifes. Como se esperaba, la cobertura coralina, algas esponjas y octocorales no cambió entre 2003 y 2004. De forma similar, la comunidad de peces tampoco cambió en el tiempo y estuvo dominada por especies de herbívoros (Pomacentridae, Scaridae and Labridae). Sin embargo, en Los Roques los carnívoros de importancia comercial (e.g. lutjanidos y serranidos) fueron más abundantes que en Morrocoy. Aunque se esperaba encontrar diferencias en la comunidad bentónica e ictícola de Los Roques y Morrocoy, solo la de peces reflejó las diferencias, encontrándose en mejor estado de salud en Los Roques, mientras que CNOR, localizado en Morrocoy, presentó una cobertura similar o ligeramente mayor que los arrecifes localizados en Los Roques. Por lo tanto, los resultados de este estudio muestran que los arrecifes oceánicos no necesariamente se encuentran en mejor estado que los costeros. La inclusión de 3 nuevos sitios y la reincorporación de Caimán ha expandido y mejorado las capacidades de monitoreo de Venezuela y representa el primer paso hacia la creación de un sistema de monitoreo de arrecifes en el país.
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Animais , Antozoários/classificação , Recifes de Corais , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Peixes/classificação , Oceano Atlântico , Densidade Demográfica , VenezuelaRESUMO
Se reportan los resultados recabados durante la ejecución del programa CARICOMP (Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity). Este programa tiene como objetivo principal estudiar la estructura y funcionamiento de los tres principales ecosistemas costeros del Caribe: bosques de manglares, praderas de fanerógamas marinas y arrecifes coralinos. En estos estudios participan actualmente más de 12 laboratorios de nueve países caribeños, formando una red de centros integrados. En Venezuela el programa está representado por la Fundación La Salle y por el INTECMAR (USB), instituto que ha monitoreado rutinariamente estos ambientes en el Parque Nacional Morrocoy durante casi una década, desde 1992 hasta el presente. Así, se han registrado variables fisicoquímicas y biológicas en varias localidades, determinándose la estructura, composición y productividad de estos sistemas marinos. Esta información permite establecer comparaciones con los datos obtenidos por los otros laboratorios, proporcionando una base de datos local y regional lo suficientemente robusta como para documentar (a largo plazo) respuestas de umbral de estos ecosistemas a los cambios globales, incluyendo impactos humanos y cambios climáticos
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Ecossistema , Eficiência , Eficiência Organizacional , Equipamentos de Laboratório , Redes de Monitoramento da Qualidade da Água , Parques Recreativos , Árvores , Ciência , VenezuelaRESUMO
Relato de um caso de sangramento recidivante do ouvido em menina de 3 anos e que, na realidade, era uma fraude perpetrada pela mäe. Este é um caso bem documentado de uma patologia com prevalência desconhecida em nosso meio, e também pouco relatada na literatura latino-americana. A mäe geralmente a perpetradora, simula preocupaçäo e devoçäo. As consequências säo de natureza psicológica e física podendo eventualmente provocar a morte da criança. O diagnóstico é raramente cogitado. O fato inédito é o desejo da mäe em divulga-lo pelos meios de comunicaçäo. A apresentaçäo deste caso visa chamar atençäo do pediatra para essa eventualidade que representa uma nova modalidade de "criança vitimada".