Clinical significance of microvessel density and proliferation in prostate cancer core biopsy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the microvessel density (MVD) and proliferation in prostate cancer (PC) core biopsies. METHODS: Core biopsy samples of PC tissue from 45 patients were routinely processed and embedded in paraffin. The samples of PC formed the investigated group (n=25), while samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) served as controls (n=20). From paraffin blocks, 3-5 µm-thick sections were made and routine hematoxylin-eosin method and immunohistochemical ABC method with Ki67 and CD34 antibodies were applied. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki67 and CD34 was stereometrically quantified. RESULTS: The median number of Ki67 and CD34 positive cells per mm2 in PC were significantly higher in comparison to the median of these cells in BHP. The average age and Gleason score in patients with high proliferation index (proIDX) and MVD index (mvdIDX) was significantly greater in comparison to those with low proIDX and low mvdIDX. The absolute values of Ki67 expression were in highly positive and significant correlation with the absolute values of CD34 expression. Highly significant correlation was found between Gleason score and proIDX and mvdIDX. CONCLUSION: This study showed that PC expressed significantly higher values of Ki67 and CD34 in comparison to BPH. The values of proIDX and mvdIDX obtained by core biopsy could clearly show the level of cancer progression expressed through highly correlated Gleason score. In this way it is possible to identify the patients at high risk for disease progression.

Large scale behavior of a two-dimensional model of anisotropic branched polymers.

We study critical properties of anisotropic branched polymers modeled by semi-directed lattice animals on a triangular lattice. Using the exact transfer-matrix approach on strips of quite large widths and phenomenological renormalization group analysis, we obtained pretty good estimates of various critical exponents in the whole high-temperature region, including the point of collapse transition. Our numerical results suggest that this collapse transition belongs to the universality class of directed percolation.

The efficacy of acupuncture and decompression splints in the treatment of temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the results of applying acupuncture or occlusal decompression splints in the treatment of patients diagnosed with the temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome. DESIGN OF THE STUDY: We conducted a randomized clinical trial including 20 patients to whom the mentioned treatments were applied. Results were evaluated through an analogue pain scale, measurements of mouth opening and jaw lateral deviation in millimetres, and assessment of sensitivity to pressure on different points: preauricular, masseter muscle, temporal muscle and trapezius. Parameters were evaluated before and 30 days after the treatment. For standardized pressure, we used a pressure algometer. RESULTS: Patients treated with decompression splints showed reductions in subjective pain and pain upon pressure on temporal, masseter and trapezius muscles, as well as increased mouth opening after the treatment. Patients treated with acupuncture showed pain reduction in the short term and improvements in all of the evaluated para-meters (stronger pressure was required to produce pain; mouth opening was improved). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture was an effective complement and/or an acceptable alternative to decompression splints in the treatment of myofascial pain and temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome.

Numerical evidence for critical behavior of the two-dimensional nonequilibrium zero-temperature random field Ising model.

We give numerical evidence that the two-dimensional nonequilibrium zero-temperature random field Ising model exhibits critical behavior. Our findings are based on the results of scaling analysis and collapsing of data, obtained in extensive simulations of systems with sizes sufficiently large to clearly display the critical behavior.

Transverse-size critical exponent of directed percolation from Yang-Lee zeros of survival probability.

By using transfer-matrix method we compute survival probabilities for the directed percolation problem on strips of a square lattice, and get very precise estimates of their Yang-Lee zeros lying closest to the real axis in the complex plane of occupation probability. This allows us to get accurate values for transverse-size critical exponent and percolation threshold.

Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw. A proposal for conservative treatment.

The use of bisphosphonates (BPs) has proven effective in the treatment of bone-related diseases, despite the potential risk of developing osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). So far, results for the treatment of ONJ have not been satisfactory. In our study, we have treated two patients diagnosed with ONJ. In addition to local treatments a hydrogel was applied, with promising results. The fistulae disappeared 2-3 weeks into the treatment. After a six-month follow-up period there has been no sign of recurrence. The extent of maxillary bone exposure has diminished notably, although not entirely disappeared. In all cases, the patients exhibit no other symptoms (they suffer from no pain or swelling or functional impotence). For this reason we believe this protocol might be useful in the case of patients who suffer from pain and fistulation secondary to BP-associated ONJ to improve the state of their lesions until definitive treatment can be undertaken. Although these findings are not conclusive, given that we are reporting data on two patients only, we believe that this might be an alternative treatment in refractory cases where other therapies are counter-indicated. A controlled randomized and prospective study would be required to confirm our findings.

Salivary enzymes and periodontal disease.

BACKGROUND: Host responses to periodontal disease include the production of different enzymes that are released by stromal, epithelial or inflammatory cells. There are important enzymes associated with cell injury and cell death like: aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST, ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline and acidic phosphatase (ALP, ACP), gama glutamyl transferase (GGT). Changes in enzymatic activity reflect metabolic changes in the gingiva and periodontium in inflammation. DESIGN OF STUDY: In this paper we have examined the activity of CK, LDH, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP and ACP in saliva from patients with periodontal disease before and after periodontal treatment (experimental group, 30 samples) and in saliva from healthy patients (control group--20 samples). Periodontal disease was determined based on clinical parameters (gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD)). Patients with periodontal disease were under conventional periodontal treatment. RESULTS: Obtained results were shown statistically significant increases of activity of CK, LDH, AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, ACP in saliva from patients with periodontal disease in relation to control group. There is positive correlation between the activity of examined salivary enzymes and value of the gingival index. After conventional periodontal therapy the activity of all salivary enzymes was significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, it can be assume that activity of these enzymes in saliva, as biochemical markers for periodontal tissue damage, may be useful in diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of therapy effects in periodontal disease.

Analysis of spanning avalanches in the two-dimensional nonequilibrium zero-temperature random-field Ising model.

We present a numerical analysis of spanning avalanches in a two-dimensional (2D) nonequilibrium zero-temperature random field Ising model. Finite-size scaling analysis, performed for distribution of the average number of spanning avalanches per single run, spanning avalanche size distribution, average size of spanning avalanche, and contribution of spanning avalanches to magnetization jump, is augmented by analysis of spanning field (i.e., field triggering spanning avalanche), which enabled us to collapse averaged magnetization curves below critical disorder. Our study, based on extensive simulations of sufficiently large systems, reveals the dominant role of subcritical 2D-spanning avalanches in model behavior below and at the critical disorder. Other types of avalanches influence finite systems, but their contribution for large systems remains small or vanish.

Density of zeros of the ferromagnetic Ising model on a family of fractals.

We studied distribution of zeros of the partition function of the ferromagnetic Ising model near the Yang-Lee edge on a family of Sierpinski gasket lattices whose members are labeled by an integer b (2 ≤ b<∞). The obtained exact results on the first seven members of this family show that, for b ≥ 4, associated correlation length diverges more slowly than any power law when distance δh from the edge tends to zero, ξ_{YL}∼exp[ln(b)sqrt[|ln(δh)|/ln(λ{0})]], λ{0} being a decreasing function of b. We suggest a possible scenario for the emergence of the usual power-law behavior in the limit of very large b when fractal lattices become almost compact.

Lobular Breast Cancer in a Male Patient with a Previous History of Irradiation Due to Hodgkin's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer is rare and represents less than 1% of all breast cancers. Considering the fact that the male breast most often does not consist of lobules and acini, lobular carcinoma of the male breast is exceptionally rare. CASE REPORT: In this paper we present a unique case of alveolar variant of lobular male breast cancer in a 56-year-old patient. CONCLUSION: According to our knowledge this is the first presentation of an alveolar variant of lobular male breast cancer that appeared 14 years after chemo- and radiotherapy for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

Avalanche distributions in the two-dimensional nonequilibrium zero-temperature random field Ising model.

We present in detail the scaling analysis and data collapse of avalanche distributions and joint distributions that characterize the recently evidenced critical behavior of the two-dimensional nonequilibrium zero-temperature random field Ising model. The distributions are collected in extensive simulations of systems with linear sizes up to L=131072.

[Correlation between p53 expression and clinical-pathological characteristics of gastric cancer].

UNLABELLED: BACKGRAUND/AIM: Gene p53, or "cell genome keeper", has a preventive effect on the occurrence of genetic aberrations and prevents abnormal expansion of (tumor) cells. In gastric cancer cells in most cases we register high expression of mutated p53 gene, which correlates with prognosis and specific clinical-pathological characteristics of gastric cancer. METHODS: Using the imunohistochemical method we determined the level of expression of p53 protein in 62 gastric cancers and 30 precancerous conditions (intestinal metaplasia of the stomach). We analyzed the relationship of the level of p53 expression and clinical pathological characteristics of gastric cancer. RESULTS: Expression of p53 was positive in 42 (67.7%) tumor cases and in 7 (14.3%) cases of intestinal metaplasia. Expression of P53 and stomach cancer were in direct correlation (p = 0.000). Sensitivity for p53 in stomach cancer cases was 67.7% (42/62), and specifility was 76.7% (23/30). Expression of mutated p53 protein was in direct correlation with the invasion of lymph nodes (p = 0.034) and with invasion of blood vessels by carcinoma cells (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: There is a direct correlation between p53 expression and gastric cancer and it indicates the ability of carcinoma cells to invade blood vessels.

Elevated serum level of IL-23 correlates with expression of VEGF in human colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Interleukin-23 (IL-23) has a role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) as a condition of higher risk of colorectal carcinogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is overexpressed in IBD and colorectal carcinoma. Therefore, we aimed at uncovering the relationship between serum level of IL-23 and expression of VEGF in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and to establish the relationship between VEGF and p53 and serum levels of IL-23, as well as its possible role in carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinomas. METHODS: Levels of IL-23 from serum samples of patients with colorectal carcinoma (n = 40) and healthy control samples (n = 37) were examined for IL-23-Ab using an ELISA assay. We also determined the expression of VEGF and p53 by immunohistochemistry in 59 cases of CRC. RESULTS: We found significantly higher serum levels of IL-23 in patients with CRC compared to control subjects (IL-23; mean 189.46 pg/mL vs. mean 34.77 pg/mL, p = 0.033). We also detected higher serum levels of IL-23 in patients with overexpressed VEGF (p = 0.028). Our results also showed that concomitant expression of VEGF and increased serum levels of IL-23 are in positive correlation with histological grade 2 (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that serum IL-23 levels are significantly elevated in CRC vs. control patients and are strongly associated with overexpression of VEGF, thus they may play an important role in carcinogenesis of CRC.

Prognostic relevance of CD105-assessed microvessel density in laryngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To examine immunohistochemical expression of CD105 among patients with laryngeal cancer and investigate the prognostic significance of CD105-assessed microvessel density (MVD). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 80 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent complete excision. Clinicopathological data were collected retrospectively. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed with CD105 (endoglin) antibody. Positive-stained microvessels for CD105 were counted on hot spots of tumors at x200 magnification. RESULTS: Average CD105-assessed MVD in considered laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) was 12.9 (SD 3.84). High expression of CD105 correlated significantly with advanced T (tumor) classification (P = 0.008), advanced TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) stage (P = 0.001), tumor recurrence (P = 0.001), and age > or =65 years (P = 0.026). The multivariate logistic regression showed that a high CD105+ MVD (odds ratio [OR] 4.27; P = 0.019) and advanced TNM stage (OR 3.72; P = 0.047) were independent markers of tumor recurrence. High MVD, advanced clinical stage, the presence of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and age <66 years were associated with worse disease-free survival. Cox regression analysis revealed that expression of CD105 (P = 0.016) and advanced clinical stage (P = 0.05) were the independent factors for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that MVD evaluation with CD105 is a promising prognostic factor for the outcome of patients with laryngeal SCC. CD105-assessed MVD could help to identify patients with more aggressive disease and increased risk of developing malignancy recurrence after treatment.

[Osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to oral alendronate: Report of three cases]. / Osteonecrosis maxilar secundaria al uso de bisfosfonatos por vía oral: Exposición de tres casos clínicos relacionados con alendronato.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated to biphosphonate use is more common in cancer patients with bone metastases, that are using intravenous diphosphonates. When these drugs are used orally the risk of the complication is lower. We report 3 diabetic women aged 69, 76 and 82 years, receiving alendronate 70 mg every one week. The unveiling event was the extraction of several teeth without the use of antibiotics. All had bone pain, purulent discharge, loss of bone and halitosis. All improved five months after discontinuing alendronate.

Osteonecrosis maxilar secundaria al uso de bisfosfonatos por vía oral: Exposición de tres casos clínicos relacionados con alendronato / Osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to oral alendronate: Report of three cases

Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated to biphosphonate use is more common in cancer patients with bone metastases, that are using intravenous diphosphonates. When these drugs are used orally the risk of the complication is lower. We report 3 diabetic women aged 69, 76 and 82 years, receiving alendronate 70 mg every one week. The unveiling event was the extraction of several teeth without the use of antibiotics. All had bone pain, purulent discharge, loss of bone and halitosis. All improved five months after discontinuing alendronate.

Cartilage in the walls of odontogenic keratocyst.

There are seven published cases in world literature on cartilage in the walls of odontogenic keratocysts. Herein is presented one further case with keratin inclusions in the cystic wall, which also bears a cartilaginous component. X-rays, clinical images and pathohistological images are included.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of oral cavity.

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) often show up in an extranodal pattern, especially in the head and neck. Intraoral locations are much less frequent, particularly when they are single. This, in turn, can lead to a prolonged diagnosis and even to inadequate treatment. Different patients with initial extranodal location of NHL which were not previously diagnosed and in which it was manifested only intraorally are presented in this paper. These cases are presented together with the additional examinations used for the early diagnosis and with the corresponding clinical pictures, as well as with the overview of other cases from the available literature.

Oral surgery in patients undergoing oral anticoagulant therapy.

UNLABELLED: There is an evident need for procedural protocol for oral surgery patients who undergo oral anticoagulant treatment (OAT) because of: 1) the possible severity of complications and 2) the growing demand for OAT, which in some cases may be as much as 8% of the oral surgery patients that are referred to the hospital from primary care centers. In this study, the authors define the parameters for creating a proto- col applicable to this group of patients. The conclusion is that it is not necessary to suspend OAT before surgery; rather, these procedures should be performed under multidisciplinary medical control. OBJECTIVE: The authors demonstrate that it is possible to perform oral surgery on OAT patients, without having to sus- pend treatment beforehand. STUDY DESIGN: A longitudinal study was performed in OAT patients that required some type of oral surgical procedures. After an INR control, the patient underwent surgery and afterwards the patient was given tranexamic acid as a mouth rinse. Postoperative hemorrhage was classified as slight when it lasted less than 5 minutes, moderate when it lasted longer than five minutes, and severe when it required blood transfusion. RESULTS: The study was performed over a 5-year period (1996-2000), by the maxillofacial surgery department. In that time period, 125 patients with OAT were treated; 90 of them were males and 35 were females. Tooth extraction was per- formed in 229 sessions and a total of 367 teeth were extracted, with an average of 1.6% per session. With regards to postoperative hemorrahage, it was slight in 210 cases (91.7%), moderate in 18 (7.9%) and severe only in one case (0.4%). All the variables were compared and no statistically significant differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that OAT should not be suspended before oral surgery, but it surgery should be performed under multidisciplinary control-especially in the case of the elderly (over 65) or with those patients that have other concomitant illnesses such as renal insufficiency or anemia or other medical treatments.