A gold isocyanide complex with a pendant carboxy group: orthogonal molecular arrangements and hypsochromically shifted luminescent mechanochromism.

The epistatic double hydrogen bonds that arise from the presence of a pendant carboxy group in a gold isocyanide complex result in strong aurophilic interactions in a magenta-emitting polymorph. This is due to the lack of the typically antiparallel dimer arrangements, which often prevent the formation of strong aurophilic interactions. Furthermore, this polymorph shows hypsochromically shifted luminescence mechanochromism.

Correction: A gold isocyanide complex with a pendant carboxy group: orthogonal molecular arrangements and hypsochromically shifted luminescent mechanochromism.

Correction for 'A gold isocyanide complex with a pendant carboxy group: orthogonal molecular arrangements and hypsochromically shifted luminescent mechanochromism' by Tomohiro Seki et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 11136-11139.

[Hormone replacement Up-to-date. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). Current status and their future].

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) with tissue or organ-specificity are expected for their development. Indeed, they will be widely applied for patients with late onset of hypodonadism and those with prostate cancer who have hormone treatment-induced osteoporosis. SARMs having anabolic action on the bone or muscle but no or weak androgenic action on the prostate will be welcomed in the clinical setting.

Low-temperature-selective luminescent mechanochromism of a thienyl gold isocyanide complex.

The low-temperature-selective mechanochromism of a thienyl gold(i) isocyanide complex is reported. The as-prepared powder of this complex did not show any luminescent color changes upon grinding at room temperature. When cooled below -50 °C, the powder showed a blue emission in the absence of a phase transition. Upon grinding this powder below -50 °C, a green emission was observed, which indicates notable mechanochromism that only occurs at low temperature.

MACULAR HOLE CLOSURE OVER RESIDUAL SUBRETINAL FLUID BY AN INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUE IN PATIENTS WITH MACULAR HOLE RETINAL DETACHMENT IN HIGH MYOPIA.

PURPOSE: To describe the closure of a macular hole over residual subretinal fluid in patients with macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia who had been treated using an inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique. METHODS: Three patients with macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia underwent pars plana vitrectomy using the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique. One patient received a silicone oil injection, and the other two patients received a long-acting gas injection at the end of the surgery. After surgery, spectral domain ocular coherence tomography examination was performed. RESULTS: In the patient with the silicone oil injection, spectral domain optical coherence tomography revealed that the macular hole was sealed with an inverted internal limiting membrane flap in the presence of subretinal fluid 1 day after surgery. The inner retinal layers gradually regained a more physiologic configuration over the residual subretinal fluid. In all patients, macular holes were completely closed over the subretinal fluid, which was gradually absorbed. CONCLUSION: Using the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique, macular holes were closed over residual subretinal fluid in patients with macular hole retinal detachment. The results indicate that reattachment of the retina may not be necessary for closure of macular holes.

RNA LEGO: magnesium-dependent formation of specific RNA assemblies through kissing interactions.

The high affinity and specificity of nucleic acid base complementarity has been proven to be a powerful method for constructing specific molecular assemblies. On the other hand, recent structural studies of RNA have revealed the wide range of tertiary interactions utilized in RNA folding, which may potentially be used as tools for the design of specific macromolecular assemblies. Here, RNA building blocks containing two hairpin loops, based on the dimerization initiation site (DIS) of HIV RNA, connected by a short linker were used to construct large RNA assemblies through hairpin loop-loop ("kissing") interactions. We show that specific linear and circular assemblies can be constructed in a magnesium-dependent manner using several non-self-complementary loop-loop interactions designed in this study. These results show that the use of RNA tertiary interactions may broaden the repertoire of nucleic acid-based nanostructures.

Long-term intake of a high zinc diet causes iron deficiency anemia accompanied by reticulocytosis and extra-medullary erythropoiesis.

To elucidate the pathophysiology of zinc (Zn)-induced iron (Fe) deficiency anemia (IDA), we examined hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, hematocrit (Ht) levels, numbers of circulating red blood cells (RBC) and reticulocytes, values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum Zn, Fe and erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations and histopathological changes in the bone marrow, spleen and liver using rats fed with a standard or high Zn diet for 20 weeks. Rats fed with the high Zn diet exhibited a significant decrease in Hb concentrations, Ht levels and MCV, MCH and MCHC values, indicating microcytic hypochromic anemia characterized by Fe deficiency. Also, a marked decrease in serum Fe concentrations was seen in rats fed with the high Zn diet relative to rats fed with the standard diet. Interestingly, the number of RBC was comparable in both groups of rats, although a decrease in the number of RBC is ordinarily seen in IDA. There were reticulocytosis and extra-medullary erythropoiesis in the spleen and an increase in serum EPO concentrations in rats fed with the high Zn diet vs. those on the standard diet. These observations suggest that both reticulocytosis and extra-medullary erythropoiesis in the spleen played a role in maintaining the number of RBC in rats fed with the high Zn diet, preventing further progression of anemia. Further, increased production of EPO may be involved in the induction of reticulocytosis and extra-medullary erythropoiesis in the spleen.

RNA LEGO: magnesium-dependent assembly of RNA building blocks through loop-loop interactions.

We describe the construction of nano-molecular assemblies using RNA building blocks the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) dimerization initiation site (DIS) RNA, that forms stable base pairing through a magnesium-dependent loop-loop interaction ("kissing"). RNA building blocks containing two DIS or DIS-like hairpins connected by a two nucleotide linker self-assembled to form specific structures as observed by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Furthermore, observation of "real time" formation of the molecular assemblies by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was attempted.

The variability of the peptide-binding specificity of RNA.

Variants of the HIV Rev-response element (RRE) that bind to HIV Rev peptide or to RSG-1.2, a selected RRE-binding peptide, were selected using an in vivo assay system for RNA-polypeptide interactions. The selected RRE variants could be classified into three groups based on their specificity towards the Rev and RSG-1.2 peptide. The class I RRE variants showed specificities similar to wild-type RRE, while class II variants specifically bound RSG-1.2 peptide, and class III variants bound specifically to the Rev peptide. Examination of the class II and class III RNAs revealed distinct nucleotide and structural requirements in the upper stem region, and suggested that single nucleotide changes may dramatically alter the peptide-binding specificity of the RRE.