Evaluation of biological properties of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivatives and their ability to inhibit hexokinase activity.

This investigation has explored the properties of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BDTA) derivatives with regard to their being prospective inhibitors of hexokinase II (HKII). A pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cell line P19 (ECC), was used as the biological target for newly generated potential inhibitors of HKII. The results obtained from Virtual High-Throughput Screening (VHTS), molecular modeling and biological activity studies showed BDTA to be a promising leading structure with a good binding score and simplest functionalization. The inhibitory effect was measured after 72h incubation. Of selected BDTA derivatives, the most active was compound 3b, containing 3-hydroxyphenyl moiety in the para position, being able at 100µM to decrease the mass of differentiated P19dCs cells by 30%, changing both the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species level. Under these conditions, only compound 3b had the ability to decrease hexokinase activity in a dose-dependent manner.

Cymantrenyl-Nucleobases: Synthesis, Anticancer, Antitrypanosomal and Antimicrobial Activity Studies.

The synthesis of four cymantrene-5-fluorouracil derivatives (1-4) and two cymantrene-adenine derivatives (5 and 6) is reported. All of the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods and the crystal structure of two derivatives (1 and 6), together with the previously described cymantrene-adenine compound C was determined by X-ray crystallography. While the compounds 1 and 6 crystallized in the triclinic P-1 space group, compound C crystallized in the monoclinic P21/m space group. The newly synthesized compounds 1-6 were tested together with the two previously described cymantrene derivatives B and C for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against seven cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MCF-7/DX, MDA-MB-231, SKOV-3, A549, HepG2m and U-87-MG), five bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive, methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli, including clinical isolates of S. aureus and S. epidermidis, as well as against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. The most cytotoxic compounds were derivatives 2 and C for A549 and SKOV-3 cancer cell lines, respectively, with 50% growth inhibition (IC50) values of about 7 µM. The anticancer activity of the cymantrene compounds was determined to be due to their ability to induce oxidative stress and to trigger apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Three derivatives (1, 4 and 5) displayed promising antitrypanosomal activity, with GI50 values in the low micromolar range (3-4 µM). The introduction of the 5-fluorouracil moiety in 1 enhanced the trypanocidal activity when compared to the activity previously reported for the corresponding uracil derivative. The antibacterial activity of cymantrene compounds 1 and C was within the range of 8-64 µg/mL and seemed to be the result of induced cell shrinking.