Genetic and clinical features of neonatal and early onset diabetes mellitus in a tertiary center cohort in Brazil.

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is defined as the occurrence of severe hyperglycemia in infants under 6 months old and may be permanent (PNDM) or transient (TNDM). When diabetes is diagnosed at 6-12 months of age (early onset diabetes [EOD]), the etiology may be monogenic; however, most cases consist of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Molecular diagnosis was determined in a cohort of 35 unrelated Brazilian patients with NDM or EOD based on targeted next-generation sequencing panel and/or chromosome 6q24 abnormalities. The impact of genetic testing on treatment and follow-up was evaluated. Overall, 24 patients had NDM: with 18 (75.0%) having PNDM, 5 TNDM (20.8%) and 1 case in which this information was unknown. Eleven patients had EOD. Genetic testing was positive in 20/24 patients with NDM (83.3%) and in 18.2% of cases of EOD. The commonest causes were ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel genes, and GCK and IPEX mutations (37.1%, 11.4% and 5.7%, respectively). Patients with PNDM due to KCNJ11 and ABCC8 mutations transitioned successfully to sulfonylureas in almost 60% of cases, reinforcing the benefit of performing genetic testing in NDM as early as possible. This report refers to the largest series of cases of NDM (TNDM and PNDM) and EOD in Brazil in which patients were submitted to molecular investigation and in which the clinical impact of genetic diagnosis was also evaluated.

Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec vs. Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100 for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase 2 randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Insulin Icodec is a novel basal insulin analogue designed for once-weekly administration, therefore might propitiate reduction in the frequency of injections and facilitate treatment adherence. This study aimed to determine the glycemic control and safety profile of Insulin Icodec, compared with Glargine U100 in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Materials and methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) data comparing OnceWeekly Insulin Icodec and Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for trials published up to May 14, 2022. Data were extracted from published reports and quality assessment was performed per Cochrane recommendations. Results: Three studies were included comprising 453 patients, 230 (50.77%) using Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec and 223 (49.22%) using Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100. In the pooled data, Glycated Hemoglobin (MD -0.20% CI -0.33 to -0.07%; P=0.002) change from baseline demonstrated a significantly higher reduction in the Icodec group. Time with Glucose in Range (MD 6.60% CI 3.63 to 9.57%; P < 0.0001) and Insulin Dose Difference (MD 0.97UI CI 0.76 to 1.18UI; P < 0.0001) were higher in the Icodec group. There was no significant difference in fasting plasma glucose, body weight change, hypoglycemia or any adverse event evaluated. Conclusion: OnceWeekly Insulin Icodec was associated with a small reduction in Glycated Hemoglobin, as well as higher Time with Glucose in Range, with similar hypoglycemic adverse events, when compared with Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100.

Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec vs. Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100 for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase 2 randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT Objective: Insulin Icodec is a novel basal insulin analogue designed for once-weekly administration, therefore might propitiate reduction in the frequency of injections and facilitate treatment adherence. This study aimed to determine the glycemic control and safety profile of Insulin Icodec, compared with Glargine U100 in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Materials and methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) data comparing Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec and Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for trials published up to May 14, 2022. Data were extracted from published reports and quality assessment was performed per Cochrane recommendations. Results: Three studies were included comprising 453 patients, 230 (50.77%) using Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec and 223 (49.22%) using Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100. In the pooled data, Glycated Hemoglobin (MD -0.20% CI -0.33 to -0.07%; P=0.002) change from baseline demonstrated a significantly higher reduction in the Icodec group. Time with Glucose in Range (MD 6.60% CI 3.63 to 9.57%; P < 0.0001) and Insulin Dose Difference (MD 0.97UI CI 0.76 to 1.18UI; P < 0.0001) were higher in the Icodec group. There was no significant difference in fasting plasma glucose, body weight change, hypoglycemia or any adverse event evaluated. Conclusions: Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec was associated with a small reduction in Glycated Hemoglobin, as well as higher Time with Glucose in Range, with similar hypoglycemic adverse events, when compared with Once-Daily Insulin Glargine U100.

Avaliação das complicações em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 atendidos em uma clínica particular especializada e ambulatório público de Joinville ­ SC / A screening of type 1 Diabetes' complications in a private clinic and a public health care center in Joinville ­ SC

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o controle metabólico e a prevalência de complicações em pacientes com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) atendidos em uma clínica privada e em um ambulatório público em Joinville ­ SC. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, onde foram analisados 64 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de DM1, sendo 25 da rede pública (RP) e 39 da privada (RPV). Observamos que na RP a idade média ao diagnóstico do DM1 foi 16,2 (±7,63) contra 12,8 (±9,80) anos na RPV, que foram realizadas em média 1,9 (±1,2) consultas nos últimos 12 meses na RP e 3,0 (±1,3) na RPV. Em relação à presença de complicações microvasculares, havia informação da presença de retinopatia em 8 de 48 pacientes (16,7%), de nefropatia em 12 de 54 pacientes (22,2%) e neuropatia em 8 de 50 pacientes (16%). Quanto ao controle metabólico, apenas 2 pacientes (8%) de RP e 10 (25%) da RPV apresentavam HbA1c < 7,0%. A maioria dos pacientes, tanto da RP quanto da RPV, atingiu a meta de colesterol total (78,3 e 86,8%), que define bom controle clínico e metabólico do diabetes tipo 1, segundo a Associação Americana de Diabetes (ADA). Os dados mostram a dificuldade de se atingir um bom controle glicêmico, independente do local de atendimento (público ou privado), embora o grupo RPV tenha apresentado um maior percentual de pacientes que atingiram as metas de bom controle clínico e metabólico do diabetes tipo 1 definidas pela ADA, inclusive menor índice de tabagismo e etilismo.

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of complications and metabolic control in patients diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) treated in a private clinic and a public outpatient clinic in Joinville - Santa Catarina. A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out, where 64 medical records of patients diagnosed with T1D were analyzed, 25 of which were treated in the public outpatient clinic and 39 in the private clinic. Mean age at diagnosis of T1D in the public institution was 16.2 (± 7.63) years versus 12.8 (± 9.80) years in the private institution, patients had 1.92 (± 1.22) medical appointments in the last 12 months in the public institution and 3 (± 1.32) in the private institution. We assessed the presence of microvascular complications, there was data about retinopathy in 8 of 48 patients (16.7%), nephropathy in 12 of 54 patients (22.2%) and neuropathy in 8 of 50 patients (16%). Most patients did not reach a good glycemic control: only 2 patients (8%) from public institution and 10 (25%) from private institution showed HbA1c < 7.0%. The majority of patients from public and private institution reached the American Diabetes Association (ADA) goals for total cholesterol (78.3 and 86.8%). This data confirms the difficulty of achieving good glycemic control regardless of the institution (public or private), although the private group has shown best results in clinical control with a higher proportion in patients that reached the ADA goals, including the lowest number of smokers and alcohol use.

O pôster em encontros científicos / The poster in scientific meetings

A sessão de pôster é a forma mais comum de apresentação de trabalhos e pesquisas em encontros científicos médicos, e, apesar disso, são escassas as informações sobre este tema na literatura médica. Desde o planejamento, é importante traçar prazos realistas, seguir as instruções fornecidas pelos organizadores do evento e se preparar de acordo com a audiência. O pôster contém um cabeçalho e o texto, que inclui: resumo, introdução, material e métodos, discussão, conclusões e referências. O estilo e o tamanho das fontes devem possibilitar a leitura a uma distância de 1 a 2 metros. Em algumas situações, figuras, gráficos e tabelas no pôster podem apresentar certas informações mais claramente e em menor espaço do que se descritas sob a forma de texto. Bom planejamento e treinamento diminuem eventuais dificuldades na apresentação do pôster. Este trabalho revisa o assunto, trazendo informações objetivas sobre este método.

Posters are the most common form of presentation of scientific works in medical meetings. In spite of their importance however there is very little information about this issue available in the medical literature. It is important to plan since the beginning, to set a realistic time schedule, to follow the instructions provided by the organizers of the meeting and to prepare oneself according to the audience. The poster contains a title and a text including abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, conclusions and references. Font and size used should allow reading from a 1 to 2 meters distance. In some situations, certain kind of information is presented more clearly and occupying less space in form of tables, graphs, and figures than in form of a text. Good planning and training diminish possible difficulties during the poster presentation. This paper reviews the subject and provides objective information on the advantages of this method.