[Activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes and superoxide dismutase in peptic ulcer]. / Aktivnost' glutationzavisimykh fermentov i superoksiddismutazy pri iazvennoi bolezni.

Activity of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and content of glutathione reduced in blood of patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer depending on the age and parallel lesion of the hepatobiliary system have been studied. Considerable inhibition of superoxide dismutase, glucoso-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase activity and decrease of the content of reduced glutathione, the most pronounced in patients with parallel lesion of the hepatobiliary system, have been revealed. Glutathione reductase activity is high in all the patients, except for aged and old people with parallel lesions of the liver and biliferous tracts. Glutathione peroxidase is essentially active in adult patients, especially in case of combined pathology. Glutathione peroxidase activity is lower in aged and old patients as compared to the age norm, while the level of glutathione-S-transferase activity is high; at the same time there are no considerable changes in the glutathione-S-transferase activity in adult patients. The mechanisms of compensation and decompensation of functioning of enzymatic antiradical and antioxidant system under the peptic ulcer depending on the age of patients and concomitant lesions of the hepatobiliary system are discussed.

[Role of alpha-tocopherol and retinol in the antiradical protection of the body in peptic ulcer]. / Rol' alpha-tokoferola i retinola v antiradikal'noi zashchite organizma pri iazvennoi bolezni.

Retinol and tocopherol content, the intensity of spontaneous chemiluminescence as well as concentration of malonic dialdehyde in the blood of practically healthy persons of different age groups and in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer have been studied. Results are presented. The lower content of tocopherol was revealed in the young persons as compared with other age groups, while the level of vitamin A was not established to depend on age. The content of tocopherol is established to decrease in the blood serum under peptic ulcer. Under these conditions low level of retinol correlates with considerable growth of spontaneous chemiluminescence. Reserve interrelation of tocopherol content in the blood with the level of spontaneous chemiluminescence as well as the absence of true dependence on the concentration of malonic dialdehyde at peptic ulcer are proved. Mechanisms of participation of vitamins E and A in the inhibition of free-radical reactions are discussed, role of their deficiency in pathogenesis fo peptic ulcer is substantiated.

[Status of the glutathione system in gastroduodenal ulcers]. / Sostoianie sistemy glutathiona pri iazvennykh porazheniiakh zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

Clinical and experimental studies demonstrated lowering of reduced glutathione, activation of glutathione reductase and peroxidase in peptic ulcer more pronounced in associated chronic hepatitis or non-ulcerative colitis. Clinical manifestations of the disease and biochemical shifts in glutathione system go in parallel. Disturbances of glutathione system seem to be involved in the origin and recurrences of gastroduodenal ulcer. New approaches are needed in therapeutic decisions and means in peptic ulcer especially in its combination with chronic hepatitis and non-ulcerative colitis.

[The amino acid composition of the blood serum and gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer with involvement of the hepatobiliary system and intestines in patients of different ages (2)]. / Aminokislotnyi sostav syvorotki krovi i slizistoi obolochki zheludka pri iazvennoi bolezni s porazheniem gepatobiliarnoi sistemy i kishok u bol'nykh razlichnogo vozrasta (soobshchenie 2).

In ulcerative disease of the stomach the pool of free amino acids (AA) in the mucous membrane of the stomach (MMS) was shown to be expanded, their amount being increased with ageing and in the involvement of the hepatobiliary system, this being a result of even more pronounced augmentation of pathological processes and a decrease in the rate of the protein synthesis. This is accompanied by ever increasing inadequacies in the assimilation of essential amino acids (particularly methionine, threonine, phenilalanine), formation of cystein, glycine, many other essential and conventionally non-essential AA, the process of incorporation of many AA (especially those of sulphur-containing) into polypeptide chain being made difficult, this affecting the synthesis of structural and specific proteins and reducing strikingly the protein-synthesizing potential of MMS.

[The amino acid composition of the blood serum and gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer with involvement of the hepatobiliary system and intestines in patients of different ages (1)]. / Aminokislotnyi sostav syvorotki krovi i slizistoi obolochki zheludka pri iazvennoi bolezni s porazheniem gepatobiliarnoi sistemy i kishok u bol'nykh razlichnogo vozrasta (soobshchenie 1).

Disaminoacidemia was shown to be of much higher degree in involvement of the intestinal hepatobiliary system in patients with ulcer disease, in addition, in elderly and old people the content of free amino acids (AA) in the blood serum is significantly reduced. Present in the least amounts are methionine, proline, threonine, glutamic acid, glucine, tirosine, and in elderly and senile age, in addition to those listed above, histidine. The level of aspartic acid, lysine, arginine is elevated. The blood content of essential AA expressed in percentages is increased to a more considerable extent and of nonessential and sulphur-containing AA is reduced due to the inhibition of synthesis of essential AA, limitations in the processes of AA conversion in the hepatocyte, including the conversion of phenilalanine to tirosine, methionine and glycine to cysteine, glutamic acid to proline, aspartic acid to beta-alanine. The reasons for these limitations are analysed.

[Ethonium in the treatment of peptic ulcer patients]. / Etonii v lechenii bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu.

Results are reported of clinical trials in 52 patients of ethonium belonging to quaternary ammonia compounds with consideration of the patients' age and concomitant disorders of the hepatobiliary system. It was established that ethonium possesses a marked antiradical and antioxidant effect in ulcer disease, furthering potentiation of the activity of peroxidedysmutase, protective enzymes of the glutathione system, improvement of bioenergetic processes in the gastric mucosa, enhancement of ulcer healing, prevention of ulcer recurrence.

[Connective tissue function in diseases of the digestive organs (a review of the literature)]. / O sostoianii soedinitel'noi tkani pri zabolevaniiakh organov pishchevareniia (obzor literatury).

Review of the literature presented deals with the state of connective tissue and some aspects of its metabolism in ulcer disease, chronic gastritis, chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, acute and chronic pancreatitis. Disorders of synthesis and degradation of collagen, changes in metabolism of glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and aminoglycans are described, their pathogenetical role in development end exacerbation of diseases of digestive organs is demonstrated.

[New tableted protein products in the treatment of peptic ulcer patients and the dynamic indices of the glutathione system]. / Novye belkovye tabletirovannye produkty v lechenii bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu i dinamika pokazatelei sistemy glutationa.

The authors investigated the content of reduced glutathione, activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase, glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver tissue, gastric mucosa of rats with experimental ulcer and in the blood of patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer in the course of treatment using new protein tableted products. Experimental investigations were conducted on 96 white rats, clinical studies in 128 patients and 59 healthy persons. It was shown that high therapeutic efficiency of these new tableted products, their normalizing effects on the glutathione system indices are important.

[Disorders of the bioenergetics and microcirculation in the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer with concomitant involvement of the hepatobiliary system]. / Narusheniia bioénergetiki i mikrotsirkuliatsii v slizistoi obolochke zheludka pri iazvennoi bolezni s soputstvuiushchim porazheniem gepatobiliarnoi sistemy.

UNLABELLED: The histological structure, distribution of neutral glycoseaminoglycanes, the content of glycogen in the cells, activity of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochromoxidase, magnesium-dependent ATP-ase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase were studied in the biopsies of the gastric mucosa removed from the anterior third of the anterior part of its body in 104 patients. RESULTS: essential decrease of the enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation, increased reaction to lactate dehydrogenase, inhibition of enzymes controlling the microcirculation in the gastric mucosa in ulcer disease. These changes deteriorate in elderly patients as well as concomitant diseases of the hepatobiliary system.

[The content of connective tissue carbohydrate-protein components in the blood and the free-radical oxidation indices in peptic ulcer in dynamic rehabilitative treatment]. / Soderzhanie uglevodno-belkovykh komponentov soedinitel'noi tkani v krovi i nekotorye pokazateli svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia pri iazvennoi bolezni v dinamike vosstanovitel'nogo lecheniia.

Levels of gexosamines, free oxiprolin, gexuronic acids, malonic dialdehyd, reduced glutathione and total content of gexosamines in blood as well as spontaneous chemiluminescence of blood serum were studied in 89 patients with duodenal ulcer during rehabilitative treatment and in 35 healthy subjects. Rehabilitative stage-by-stage treatment was demonstrated to ensure normalization of anti-radical protective systems of the body, beneficially influence connective tissue structures of gastric and duodenal mucosa, prevent exacerbation of the disease.

[Lipid peroxidation and the role of quaternary ammonium compounds in normalizing this process]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov i rol' nekotorykh chetvertichnykh ammonievykh soedinenii v normalizatsii étogo protsessa.

Regulation of lipid peroxidation is realized not only by antioxidant enzymes but by natural antioxidants as well. We have lately succeeded, together with the students, in identifying antioxidant properties of quaternary ammonium compounds, which fact makes it possible for the above properties to gain extensive applicability in a setting where there is this variety of disbolism. One of such drug preparations is ethonium. The article contains information about uses of ethonium in the tablet dose form. The tablets are of little toxicity, they stimulate the oxidation-reduction processes and proved to be effective in experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers.