Impact of different omega-3 fatty acid sources on lipid, hormonal, blood glucose, weight gain and histopathological damages profile in PCOS rat model.

BACKGROUND: Omega-3 fatty acids (Ω-3 PUFAs) may help to improve health status in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) by reducing numerous metabolic disorders (insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia, lipid profile, obesity and inflammation). To evaluate the current objective, 16 weeks (6 weeks of adjustment period followed by 10 weeks of collection period) research trial was planned to check the impact of different sources of Ω-3 PUFAs (synthetic Ω-3, flaxseed and fish oil) on nutrient digestibility, weight gain, productive (lipid profile, glucose and insulin), reproductive profile (progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin) and histological study of ovarian tissues in Wistar female rats. METHODS: Forty-five rats of 130 ± 10 g weight were divided into 5 groups, each having 9 rats: NC (negative control without PCOS), PC (positive control with PCOS), SO (synthetic omega-3 containing ALA, EPA and DHA), FO (flaxseed oil) and F (fish oil) fed at 300 mg/kg/orally/daily of these sources were added in the basal diets while PC and NC received only the basal diet. Food and water were offered ad libitum. PCOS was induced in the rats fed of PC, SO, FO and F diets group by single intramuscular injection of estradiol-valerate (4 mg/rat/IM). Body weight and blood glucose was recorded weekly. At 16th week of trial, blood samples were collected for lipid and hormonal analysis. Ovarian tissues were removed for pathological evaluation. Digestibility was measured by total collection method. RESULTS: Cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins were reduced in SO, FO and F groups when compared with rats of PC group. However, increasing trend of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was found in same groups. The highest HDL (36.83 ± 0.72 mg/dL) was observed in rats fed F diet. In case of a hormonal profile, testosterone, LH and insulin levels showed a significant reduction after treatments. Blood glucose results showed significantly reducing trend in all the rats fed with Ω-3 PUFAs sources than PC from 5 to 10th week of trial. However, similar trend was noticed in rat's body weight at the end of 6th week. In ovarian morphology, different stages of follicles were observed in groups fed SO, FO and F diets. Nutrient digestibility in PCOS induced rats was remained non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: The three sources of Ω-3 PUFAs had effective role in improving lipid and hormonal profile, reducing blood glucose, weight gain and histopathological damages in PCOS rats. However, fish oil source might be an innovative approach to cure PCOS via reducing the weight and metabolic anomalies due to EPA and DHA.

Effect of different level of resistant starch in induce diabetic rats.

The objective of this study to evaluate the effect of Resistant Starch (RS) on lipid profile, blood glucose, hormones and TNF-α in Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM). 45 Wister male rats were divided into 5 groups each having 9 rats: without T2DM negative control (NC) with T2DM positive control (PC), resistant starch: 0.20g/kg body weight (HM0.20), resistant starch: 0.30g/kg body weight (HM0.30) and resistant starch: 0.40g/kg body weight (HM0.40). Different levels were added in basal diets while negative and positive control received basal diet. Animals fed on different diets were induced type 2 diabetes 60mg/kg streptozotocin solution injected intraperitoneally in rats. Results of blood glucose showed significantly (P<0.05) lower in all rats fed HM0.20, HM0.30 and HM0.40. In case of lipid profile results indicated that HM0.04 showed significant (P<0.05) increase in HDL level while cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides were reduced. After treatment hormonal profile, leptin, insulin and TNF-α level were significantly (P<0.05) reduced. It may be concluded that RS is the new approach to treat the T2DM.

Evaluation of the efficacy of different sources of omega-3 fatty acids in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) induced rats.

The study was planned to check the beneficial effects of various sources of omega-3 fatty acids (synthetic, flaxseed oil, fish oil) on 45 Wistar female rats. The rats were divided into five groups and assigned to different diets i.e. NC (Negative control), PC (Positive control), SO (Synthetic omega-3 250mg/kg/orally/daily), FO (flaxseed oil 250mg/kg/orally/daily) and F (fish oil 250mg/kg/orally/diet). Animals fed on different diets were induced PCOS by an intramuscular (IM) injection of estradiol-valerate (4mg/rat/IM) except NC group. Results of the lipid profile indicated that F showed highest increase in HDL level (35.67±1.45), while cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, blood glucose and body weight were reduced in all three treatment groups. In case of a hormonal profile, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin levels showed a significant reduction after treatments. It can be concluded form the study that different sources of omega-3 fatty acids can be a new approach to treat the symptoms of PCOS.