[The influence of the bupivacaine epidural anesthesia on the rabbit myometrium contractile activity and the functional state of the fetuses in induced labor].

BACKGROUND: The influence of bupivacaine (0.5% - 1 ml) epidural anesthesia (EA) on 15 pregnant rabbit females induced in labor by oxytocin on the 30th day of pregnancy in chronic experiment was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 pregnant rabbit females took part in the investigation. 11 females were included in the control group and 15--to the main group. Both groups retrospectively were divided in two on the fact of the delivery during the experiment. For each 5-minute interval the contractile activity of the myometrium (number of uterine contractions, duration and amplitude of the one uterine contraction), functional state of fetuses and female (ECG) were evaluated. Registration of the parameters was carried out simultaneously with the help of electrodes which were administrated in the myometrium, to the fetuses and females on the 28th day of pregnancy. RESULTS: It was shown that EA influence on the myometrium contractile activity and functional state of fetuses and female depends on the female delivery readiness. CONCLUSION: In the case of the optimal one short-term increase of the contractile activity (on the 15th minute after EA) with no significant fetal heart rate changes were observed. In the case of its absence no significant influence was revealed. Moderate female tachycardia in both groups under EA was registered more pronounced in delivery one group.

[Comparative rate of regional metastasis of high differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland].

The rate of metastasis of high differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid glands to the neck lymph nodes was studied in people of Kemerovo Region. The metastatic lesions of pretracheal lymph nodes (VI group) were detected in 49.5% patients with papillary carcinoma and 21.0% of patients with follicular cancer. Metastases in jungular lymph nodes were revealed in 37.3% patients with papillary carcinoma. It was noted that an extension of metastatic lesions of regional lymph nodes was observed in the case of primary tumour foci spread beyond borders of the capsula glandularis in patients with papillary carcinoma. There wasn't such a relation in a case of follicular cancer. Metastases in regional lymph nodes were detected more often (67.6%) in the case of papillary carcinoma in uncontaminated zone of the thyroid gland compared with other thyroid pathology (31.7%).

[The influence of the bupivacaine regional anesthesia on the contractile activity of the uterus and the functional state of the fetus].

The study in chronic experiment on 26 pregnant rabbit females induced in labor by oxytocin on the 30th day ofpregnancy was conducted. The effects of bupivacaine (0,5% - I ml) epidural anesthesia (EA) on the contractile activity of the uterus, the functional state of the females and their fetuses were studied. On the 28th day of pregnancy under thiopental anesthesia electrodes were administered: to thefetus - ECG, in the female myometrium for recording electrical activity. In order to check the uterus mechanical activity the original sensor was used filled by graphite, which was placed around one horn of the uterus. The contractile activity of the myometrium was evaluatedfor each 5-minute interval by the number ofuterine contractions, duration and amplitude of one uterine contraction. The functional state offemale fetuses and rabbit female were evaluated by the frequency change of the heart rate. In 12 females occured to delivery. Registration of uterine contractions, heart rate of the female and fetuses were carried out simultaneously and continuously throughout the whole experiment. It was shown that under standard conditions EA didn't induce changes in uterine activity parameters of the female located in its natural position, and didn't affect on the fetal heart rate (3-factor analysis of variance - ANOVA). 10minutes after EA, the momentary acceleration of female heart rate (9%) was recorded in relation to the reference level, which may be associated with transient hypotension. Thus, in conditions of our experience the bupivacaine (0,5% - 1,0 ml) EA in induced labor of female rabbit has no significant effect on the uterus contractile activity and the functional state of the fetus. Short-term adaptive tachycardia is registered in females.

[On mechanisms of triggering of primary excitation rhythms in vertebrates (phylo- and ontogenic aspects)].

There has been performed the comparative-ontogenetic analysis of literature and our own data obtained at study of regularities of formation of spontaneous stereotypic motor acts at the initial stages of the human fetuses and at early stages of phylogenesis of vertebrates (fisches, amphibians, reptiles) as well as at using natural biological models, such as anencephaly of human fetus, the human artificially produced therapeutic electroconvulsive fit, and winter hibernation in mammals. This analysis has allowed showing that the prenervous and non-nervous motorics and cardiac rhythm revealed in the series of vertebrates including human fetus represent a universal phenomenon that is due to the role of prenervous transmitters as local hormones participating in triggering and regulation of this motoric - the primary rhythms of excitation in vertebrate phylo- and ontogenesis.

Functional and biochemical criteria for investigation of brain development disorders.

Functional state and creatine kinase (CK) activity in the amniotic fluid and blood of anencephalic fetuses was studied in the second trimester of pregnancy with the following pathomorphological investigation of the state of their CNS to reveal possible markers of development disorders. The extent of neurological disorders in newborn infants was retrospectively compared with data from functional studies of components of a biophysical profile (motor-cardiac reflex, heart rhythm oscillations, respiratory movements) and with CK activity in the amniotic fluid and blood of fetuses with hemolytic disease and fetuses of diabetic mothers and normal mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy. The results revealed informative indices of fetal CNS developmental disorders in the prenatal period that are of importance for predicting a prognosis of the extent of neurological disorders in newborn infants. These results will allow the establishment of criteria for evaluation of fetuses to reveal possible disorders in the formation of the CNS.

[Morphophysiological analysis of the formation of mechanisms of the activity-rest cycle in human ontogenesis]. / Morfofiziologicheskii analiz formirovaniia mekhanizmov tsikla aktivnost'--pokoi v ontogeneze cheloveka.

The natural behavior of normal and anencephalic fetuses at 20 to 41 weeks of the development was studied by ultrasound monitoring and continuous recording of heart rate (HR) and motor activity (MA), followed by processing and presentation on [symbol: see text]CM computer. The statistical characteristics of HR and MA changes in the anencephalic fetuses were corrected by the degree of CNS deficiency. The comparative study of 20 normal and 34 anencephalic fetuses showed: 1) when the spinal cord was present, stable HR (about 150 bpm) seems to be due to cardiac automatism and sharp decelerations unaccompanied by MA were recorded; 2) in fetuses with the medulla oblongata present showed a decrease in baseline HR up to 140 bpm, repeated pronounced decelerations and spontaneous single motor acts dissociated with the latter; 3) when a rudiment of the midbrain was present, some reductions in the amplitude of decelerations and manifestation of weak accelerations, cluster motor acts, brief episodes of the active state were revealed; 4) the quiet state was observed in fetuses with the cerebral cortex; 5) the rest-activity cycle formed with further differentiation of the cerebral cortex.

[The temporal organization of human fetal motor function]. / O vremennói organizatsii motornoi funktsii ploda cheloveka.

Fetal motor bursts were recorded in pregnant women at 11-18, 20-24 and 30-32 weeks of pregnancy. It was stated that spontaneous motor activity in human fetus is similar to autogenic periodic motor excitation observed in other species of vertebrates, i.e. presence of the main rest-activity circles with a period near 1 minute, the existence of rhythmic components with 6-8-second intervals during active phases and decreasing of quantity of excitation bursts with age.

Contractile activity of rabbit uterus at the end of pregnancy and a method for its registration.

We developed a method for synchronous registration of electrical activity of the myometrium in pregnant rabbit females and electrocardiograms of the female and fetus on a paper tape and on PC in the online mode using an original pickup for registration of intrauterine pressure in awaken animals in a natural (sitting) posture. The method causes no pregnancy complications and is adequate for evaluation of uterine contractility, female and fetal status in different variants of the experiment.

Fluorescent microscopic study of epithalon binding in maternal and fetal rabbit tissues in health and under conditions of placental insufficiency.

Epithalon (regulatory tetrapeptide) labeled with dansil (fluorescent stain) easily penetrates into all tissues and organs of pregnant rabbit females and through the placenta into fetal organs. Incorporation of labeled epithalon in placental tissues is more often observed in fetuses developing under conditions of placental insufficiency than in normal fetuses.

[Pathogenesis of fetal growth retardation and behavioral disorders in the progeny caused by smoking during pregnancy]. / Patogenez otstavaniia v razvitii ploda i narushenii povedeniia potomstva, vyzyvaemykh kureniem vo vremia beremennosti.

A review of data reported in the literature and those obtained by the authors on disorders of fetal development in smoking pregnant women, the significance of disturbed maternal adaptation to pregnancy, and maternal, fetal and placental effects of nicotine, carbon dioxide and other constituents of tobacco smoke is presented. The genesis and damaging effect of hypoxia on fetal brain, eventually resulting in mental retardation, are discussed.

PIP: Literature data on the harmful effects of smoking during pregnancy are reviewed with special emphasis on the fetal growth retardation and delayed changes in child behavior. Intrauterine growth retardation is one of the major causes of low birth weight. It was shown that the birth weight of neonates in smoking mothers can be decreased by 30-396 g. Mass screening data indicate that smoking during pregnancy also increases perinatal mortality (up to 28%). Intrauterine growth retardation was also observed following passive smoking. Inhalation of tobacco smoke by pregnant women was found to increase the fetal heart rate and inhibit fetal movements. Children born from smoking mothers had the higher incidence of asphyxia, cyanosis and hyperactivity. Mass longitudinal studies of children of smoking mothers indicated learning disability, slight mental retardation and insufficient social adaptation by the age of 7 years. Special neurological follow-up study of 326 children revealed frequent minimal brain dysfunction. Pathogenesis of fetal disorders was shown to be associated with impaired adaptation to pregnancy in smoking women. Majority of the constituents of tobacco smoke are capable to pass through the placental-fetal barrier. The most harmful components for fetal development were found to be nicotine and carbon monoxide, which reduce the placental perfusion and blood flow. Exposure to carbon monoxide was shown to increase the level of carboxyhemoglobin and decrease the level of oxyhemoglobin resulting in reduced oxygen supply to fetal tissues and fetal anoxia.

[Status and reaction to anoxia of rat fetuses developing in conditions of placental insufficiency]. / Osobennosti sostoianiia i reaktsii na anoksiiu plodov krys, razvivavshikhsia v usloviiakh platsentarnoi nedostatochnosti.

Significant adverse correlation of the fetus mass and the degree of its hydration was noted at term in rats with placental insufficiency induced by ligation of about 40% of preplacental vessels on the 16th day of gestation. Disorders revealed in transplacental water-salt metabolism are apparently of some importance for the pathogenesis of fetal growth retardation. Even moderate retardation alters fetal respiratory activity in anoxia, which is associated with the changes in the function of respiratory centres and neuromuscular abnormalities.

[Adaptive thermoregulatory reactions of the rabbit fetus at the end of the intrauterine development]. / K mekhanizmu adaptivnykh termoreguliatornykh reaktsii plodov krolika v kontse vnutriutrobnogo razvitiia.

The data of permanent simultaneous registration of electrocardiogram, rectal & brown adipose tissue temperatures of the rabbit foetus have been obtained in chronic experiments. The haemodynamic shift in intensity of maternal-placental and foeto-placental blood flow (by female trental injection) led to a decrease in the foetus rectal temperature (0.33 +/- 0.09 degree C in intact foetus and 0.58 +/- 0.27 degree C in retarded foetus, p < 0.05). Both foetuses reacted by rectal temperature decrease (0.65 +/- 0.28 & 0.68 +/- 0.31 degree C, respectively) during immobilisation (by foetus arduan injection). Thus in both series of experimental cooling of foetus, brown fat activation was similar in intact foetus (approximately 53%), but did not change in growth retardation foetus--as a result of its tissue functional immaturity, probably.

[Intrauterine blood transfusion as a method of treatment of the edematous form of hemolytic disease of newborn]. / Vnutrimatochnye perelivaniia krovi plodu kak sposob lecheniia otechnoi formy gemoliticheskoi bolezni.

Results are reported with intrauterine donor blood transfusions in 7 fetuses with hydropic hemolytic disease. Eight intraabdominal and 8 intravascular sonographically guided fetal transfusions were given at 25-30 weeks' gestation with fetal heart rate monitoring. The criteria for efficacy were disappearance of ascites, reduction in fetal hepatic and splenic sizes, thinning of the placenta. Three fetuses died in utero from symptomatic hydropic hemolytic disease despite the therapy. Four other fetuses were delivered at 30-34 gestational weeks by cesarean section and showed no abdominal ascites. One of the fetuses died from birth trauma on the second postnatal day while the other three were discharged in a satisfactory condition.

[Protein synthesis in different rabbit embryo tissues in the presence of utero-placental ischemia]. / Sintez belkov v razlichnykh tkaniakh émbriona krolika pri matochno-platsentarnoi ishemii.

Resistance of different elements of the hemodynamic functional "mother--placenta--fetus" system to the damaging effect (ligation of a half of preplacental vessels, performed on the 8th day of pregnancy) was studied and compared in experiments on female rabbits on the 12th day of pregnancy. It appeared that under these conditions the extent of growth retardation in different embryonic and placental structures is dissimilar. The processes of cytoplasmic protein synthesis in heart tissues are more resistant to the damaging effect than in bodily tissues. The delayed hemoglobin accumulation in the embryonic organism was not so pronounced as retardation of protein synthesis in the body.