Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 13 de 13
Filtrar
1.
J Virol ; 87(19): 10563-72, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23864631

RESUMO

During placentation, mammals employ different strategies for nourishing and supporting fetuses. Members of the Bovidae family, consisting of cloven-hoofed ruminants, utilize multiple maternal attachment points on the placenta, known as cotyledons, and hybrid cells, named trinucleate cells or syncytial plaques, made up of a fusion of fetal trophoblasts and maternal endometrial cells to provide essential hormones and maintain long gestation periods. These hybrid cells are unique to the Bovidae, as fetomaternal borders are clearly separated by syncytiotrophoblasts or epithelial cells in the placenta of other mammals. Recently, it was reported that Syncytin-Rum1 was inserted into ruminant genomes, including cattle and sheep, and was possibly involved in fetomaternal cell-to-cell fusion in both species. However, Syncytin-Rum1 alone is insufficient to explain the morphological diversity of the fetomaternal hybrids between Bovinae and Caprinae (i.e., trinucleate cells in Bovinae and syncytial plaques in Caprinae). Here we report that the bovine endogenous retrovirus K1 (BERV-K1) envelope, which we term Fematrin-1, was specifically expressed in binucleated trophoblasts throughout gestation in cattle and induced fusion with bovine endometrial cells in vitro at a significantly higher level than Syncytin-Rum1 under physiological conditions. Fematrin-1 was found to be integrated into intron 18 of FAT tumor suppressor homolog 2 (FAT2) about 18.3 to 25.4 million years ago and has been subject to purifying selection through the evolution of Bovinae. Phylogenetically, Fematrin-1 is distinct from Syncytin genes found in other mammalian species that form syncytiotrophoblasts. Our results suggest that the newly acquired endogenous retroelement has contributed to generating placentation diversity through ruminant evolution.


Assuntos
Fusão Celular , Retrovirus Endógenos/fisiologia , Troca Materno-Fetal , Placenta/metabolismo , Placentação/fisiologia , Ruminantes/fisiologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Western Blotting , Bovinos , Células Cultivadas , Endométrio/metabolismo , Feminino , Produtos do Gene env/genética , Produtos do Gene env/metabolismo , Immunoblotting , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Hibridização In Situ , Filogenia , Placenta/citologia , Gravidez , Proteínas da Gravidez/genética , Proteínas da Gravidez/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Infecções por Retroviridae/metabolismo , Infecções por Retroviridae/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Trofoblastos/citologia , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Trofoblastos/virologia , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/metabolismo , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/virologia
2.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol ; 12: 55, 2014 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24950590

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Secreted protein of Ly-6 domain 1 (SOLD1), a secretory-type member of the Ly-6 superfamily, is expressed in both fetal and maternal tissues throughout gestation. SOLD1 mRNA is expressed in the endometrium and in trophoblast mononucleate and binucleate cells, suggesting it plays an important role not only in placental architecture at early gestation, but also in remodeling the endometrium at late gestation. Here, we investigate the expression of SOLD1 mRNA and protein in trophoblast cell lines. In addition, we examine the effect of SOLD1 on the invasive ability of trophoblast cells. METHODS: We measured SOLD1 gene expression in thirteen bovine trophoblast (BT) cell lines by using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). SOLD1 protein levels were examined in two cell lines, BT-C and BT-K, by using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. In addition, we measured the invasive activity of BT cells in the presence or absence of anti-bovine SOLD1 antibodies. RESULTS: At variable levels, SOLD1 was expressed in all thirteen cell lines; however, expression remained below that of proximal fetal membrane tissue. SOLD1 protein, which was approximately 28 kDa in size, was detected in perinuclear area of the cytoplasm in BT cells. Treatment with anti-bovine SOLD1 antibody had a dose-dependent suppressive effect on the invasiveness of BT-K cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first to investigate SOLD1 expression in vitro, in trophoblastic cell lines. Our data suggested that SOLD1 is involved in the regulation of the trophoblast invasiveness. Therefore, SOLD1 may play an active and crucial role in mediating communication at the fetomaternal interface.


Assuntos
Antígenos Ly/metabolismo , Implantação do Embrião , Expressão Gênica , Placentação , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Animais , Anticorpos/farmacologia , Antígenos Ly/química , Antígenos Ly/genética , Western Blotting , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Membranas Extraembrionárias/metabolismo , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Peso Molecular , Gravidez , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Trofoblastos/citologia , Trofoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos
3.
J Reprod Dev ; 59(6): 507-11, 2013 Dec 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23955235

RESUMO

T cells are the dominant lymphocytes in the endometrium and are considered to play a crucial role in implantation and in the maintenance of gestation through cytokine production and immune regulation. The mechanisms underlying immunoregulation at the feto-maternal interface are still obscure for this complex system. Understanding the role of T cells is a key factor in understanding the endometrial immune system. In this study, the distribution of endometrial CD3⁺ T cells in bovines was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. The estrous cycle and gestation was divided into 4 stages, and the number of CD3⁺-positive T cells was counted in each stage. CD3⁺ cells were found in the endometrium in significant numbers throughout the estrous cycle and were mostly located in the subepithelial area. The number of CD3⁺ cells significantly increased in the early and mid-luteal phases but decreased after implantation with the progression of gestation. No T cells were found in the placentome or specifically in the tissues near the fetus, including the trophoblastic area. In addition, very few T cells were found in stromal regions close to the myometrium of the endometrium. These findings suggest that downregulation of bovine endometrial CD3⁺ T-cell functions is closely related to the successful maintenance of gestation in a spatiotemporal manner.


Assuntos
Regulação para Baixo , Endométrio/imunologia , Ciclo Estral/imunologia , Manutenção da Gravidez , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Matadouros , Animais , Animais Endogâmicos , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Complexo CD3/metabolismo , Bovinos , Contagem de Células , Implantação do Embrião , Endométrio/citologia , Endométrio/metabolismo , Ciclo Estral/metabolismo , Feminino , Tolerância Imunológica , Imuno-Histoquímica , Japão , Fase Luteal/imunologia , Fase Luteal/metabolismo , Placenta/citologia , Placenta/imunologia , Placenta/metabolismo , Placentação , Gravidez , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima
4.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol ; 10: 41, 2012 May 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22632112

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Endogenous retrovirus (ERV) envelope (env) genes are involved in the differentiation of trophoblastic cells in humans and mice. However, there is limited information about their roles in ruminant trophoblastic cells. Thus, we attempted to explore the possible roles of ERV elements in the binucleation of bovine trophoblastic cells using in vitro bovine trophoblastic (BT) cell lines. METHODS: In this study, blastocysts and elongated embryos were obtained from Japanese Black cows, and endometrial and fetal membrane tissues were collected from day 17 to 37 of gestation. The gene expression levels of four ERV elements, bERVE (bovine endogenous retrovirus envelope element-like transcript) -A, bERVE-B, BERV (bovine endogenous retrovirus) -K1 env, and BERV-K2 env, were analyzed in the fetal and endometrial tissue and cultured BT cell lines using quantitative RT-PCR. On-Matrigel gel and on-collagen gel culturing were used to induce binucleate cell (BNC) formation in the BT cell lines. How the culture conditions affected the expression of BNC-specific genes and ERV elements was examined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: bERVE-A, bERVE-B, BERV-K1 env, and BERV-K2 env were expressed in almost all BT cell lines; however, only bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env were detected in trophoblastic tissues during the peri-implantation period. In the on-Matrigel cultures, the expression levels of BNC-specific genes and molecules were enhanced in the BT cells. The expression levels of bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env were also increased in the BT cells during on-Matrigel culturing. The BT cell expression levels of these ERV elements were consistent with those of BNC-specific genes during on-Matrigel culturing (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that bERVE-A and BERV-K1 env are involved in the expression of BNC-specific genes and the progression of bovine trophoblastic cell binucleation, as their expression levels increased during periods of increased BNC-specific molecule expression, which is strongly suggestive of the development of BNC from mononucleate trophoblastic cells. The on-Matrigel culture system is a convenient in vitro tool for studying bovine trophoblastic cell lineages.


Assuntos
Retrovirus Endógenos/fisiologia , Produtos do Gene env/biossíntese , Trofoblastos/citologia , Proteínas Virais/biossíntese , Animais , Bovinos , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular , Feminino , Trofoblastos/fisiologia , Trofoblastos/virologia
5.
Reproduction ; 142(5): 733-43, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21862694

RESUMO

Trophoblastic cells play a crucial role in implantation and placentogenesis. A large proportion of the failures of conception in cows occur in the peri-implantation period, which are known as early embryo losses. In exploring this critical phenomenon, trophoblastic cell lines can provide substantial information. Unfortunately, there are few cell lines for this purpose in cattle because of the difficulty of raising successive cell stock in the long term. In this study, 12 new cell lines were established using bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). BMP4 stimulated embryonic cells to enter the trophoblastic cell lineage but there were no significant differences between intact and BMP4-treated groups. Only one out of 49 embryos developed trophoblastic cells in the intact group. Finally, 12 cell lines were maintained for around 30 passages, and they retained trophoblastic characteristics and expressed bovine trophoblastic genes: placental lactogen, interferon-τ, pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1, and prolactin-related protein 1. Although the gene expression patterns were different among cell lines and depended on the cells, there was no significant relationship between the expression intensities of genes and the treatment dose of BMP4. All of them expressed bovine POU domain class 5 transcription factor 1 and caudal-type homeobox 2. The expression of these genes was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical detection. These results suggest that BMP4 is involved in the raising of trophoblast cell lines from early embryonic cells and the newly developed cell lines can provide different types of bovine trophoblastic cells with different cell lineages. This may constitute a significant new tool for the examination of trophoblastic differentiation.


Assuntos
Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 4/farmacologia , Bovinos , Cultura Primária de Células/métodos , Trofoblastos/citologia , Trofoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Aceleração , Animais , Bovinos/genética , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem da Célula/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem da Célula/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Especificidade de Órgãos/genética , Gravidez , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Trofoblastos/fisiologia , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos
6.
Jpn J Infect Dis ; 74(6): 587-591, 2021 Nov 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33952767

RESUMO

To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains collected from patients in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, 483 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were analyzed using Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA) 18-variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) between 2015 and 2019. To evaluate the lineage of M. tuberculosis strains, JATA18-VNTR profiles were applied to a maximum a posteriori method. The results revealed that the ancient Beijing subfamily, accounting for 57.3% (277/483) of the strains was the most prevalent M. tuberculosis strain. Furthermore, 18 clusters (GC-1-18) were found by minimum spanning tree analysis. The proportion of clustering strains was 9.9% (48/483), and epidemiological links to these clusters were unclear without GC-6 and GC-18. Meanwhile, interestingly, VNTR profiles of GC-7-9 and GC-14 were indistinguishable from the regional epidemic strains of Nagoya City, which has a strong socioeconomic relationship with Gifu Prefecture, but did not match the nationwide epidemic strains. This study suggests that coordinated analyses within the prefectures with strong socioeconomic relationships are important.


Assuntos
Tipagem Molecular/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Tuberculose/etnologia , Adulto , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Repetições Minissatélites , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Prevalência , Tuberculose/diagnóstico
7.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol ; 8: 60, 2010 Jun 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20540754

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) regulates several biological functions involving the modulation of cell behaviors via cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. According to its diverse functions, we hypothesized that EMMPRIN may play an important role in endometrial remodeling and establishment of pregnancy in cow. METHODS: In this study, endometrial tissues from the cyclic cows during before ovulation, after ovulation and middle of estrous cycle; and pregnant endometrial tissues from Day 19 to 35 of gestation have been used. Expression of mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR, qPCR and in situ hybridization whereas protein expression by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. RESULTS: EMMPRIN mRNA was expressed in both cyclic and pregnant endometrium and significantly higher in the endometrium at Day 35 of gestation than the cyclic endometrium. In Western blot analysis, an approximately 65 kDa band was detected in the endometrium, and approximately 51 kDa in the cultured bovine epithelial cells and BT-1 cells, respectively. Both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry data showed that EMMPRIN was primarily expressed in luminal and glandular epithelium with strong staining on Day 19 conceptus. At Day 19 of gestation, expression of EMMPRIN mRNA on luminal epithelium was decreased than that observed at middle of estrous cycle, however, on Day 30 of gestation, slightly increased expression was found at the site of placentation. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-14 mRNA were mainly detected in stroma and their expression also decreased at Day 19 of gestation however it was also expressed at the site of placentation at Day 30 of gestation as observed for EMMPRIN. Expression of MMP-1 or -9 mRNA was very low and was below the detection limit in the cyclic and pregnant endometrium. CONCLUSION: EMMPRIN from the luminal epithelium may regulate the expression of stromal MMP-2 and -14 suggesting its crucial role in adhesion and fusion of embryo to luminal epithelium by directly itself through physiological tissues remodeling and developmental process, and/or stimulating MMPs to compensate endometrial functions.


Assuntos
Basigina/genética , Bovinos/genética , Endométrio/metabolismo , Ciclo Estral/genética , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/genética , Prenhez , Animais , Basigina/metabolismo , Bovinos/metabolismo , Implantação do Embrião/genética , Implantação do Embrião/fisiologia , Endométrio/enzimologia , Ciclo Estral/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Idade Gestacional , Metaloproteinase 14 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 14 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/metabolismo , Gravidez , Prenhez/genética , Prenhez/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Distribuição Tecidual
8.
Anim Sci J ; 91(1): e13324, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31863537

RESUMO

Liver performs several important functions; however, predicting its functions is difficult. Methods of analyzing gene expression profiles, for example, microarray, provide functional information of tissues. Liver and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were collected from Holstein cows subjected to two different physiological conditions (non-pregnant and pregnant), and PBLs were fractionated by gradient cell separation. RNA from PBLs and liver were applied to oligo-DNA microarray and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). It revealed a group of stable bovine liver genes under constant physiological conditions. When they applied to physiological conditions including non-pregnant and pregnant, the profiles of some genes in liver were consistent with those in PBLs. Microarray data subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the hepatic gene expression profiles were more consistent with those of granulocytes than mononuclear cells. The relationship of gene profiles in liver with granulocytes was confirmed by RT-qPCR and hierarchical cluster analysis. Gene profiles of granulocytes were more reliable than those of mononuclear cells, which reflected liver functions. These results suggest that the genes expressed in PBLs, particularly granulocytes, may be convenient bioindicators for the diagnosis of clinical disorder and/or detecting aberration of liver functions in cows subjected to different physiological conditions.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Granulócitos , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias/veterinária , Fígado , Transcriptoma , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Gravidez , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
9.
Biomed Res ; 39(1): 13-20, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29467347

RESUMO

Interferon-tau (IFNT) is known as an early pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants. An accurate and convenient IFNT detection system is desirable for the diagnosis of endometrial and trophoblastic functions, including gestation status, in cows. The aim of this study was to develop a new cell-based assay, which involved the stable introduction of an interferon-stimulated gene promoter to a luciferase reporter system. The reactivity of four interferon-stimulated genes to IFNT in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells was confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The upstream region of the interferon-stimulated gene 15 ubiquitin-like modifier (ISG15) gene as the promoter of the reporter gene, which is more responsive to IFNT and other IFNs, was determined using the luciferase assay. The reporter gene with the ISG15 upstream region was stably transfected into MDBK cells using the PiggyBac vector system; this cell line responded to type I IFNs in a dose-dependent manner. Because of its convenience, this cell line is suitable for the quantification of IFNT as well as other type I IFNs activities.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Interferons/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Animais , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Cães , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Genes Reporter , Interferons/farmacologia , Plasmídeos/genética
10.
Theriogenology ; 107: 188-193, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29172175

RESUMO

Interferon tau plays an important role in establishing bovine pregnancy. Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) have been examined to identify a suitable indicator for the diagnosis of early gestation in cows. Although ISGs can be specifically detected in peripheral white blood cells during early gestation, its reliability remains to be validated. In the current study, a predictive threshold level of ISGs to determine pregnancy in cows during Days 20-22 of gestation was verified by analyzing the expression of ISGs in granulocytes and peripheral blood leucocytes (a total of 57 cows were used, 28 of which were pregnant and 29 were non-pregnant). Four genes, interferon-stimulated gene 15 ubiquitin-like modifier (ISG15), MX dynamin like GTPase (MX) 1, MX2, and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), were analyzed via quantitative RT-PCR and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was produced to visualize diagnostic accuracy measures. The expression values of the four ISGs during the estrous cycle (100 collection points from 65 cattle) were used to determine a pregnancy prediction cutoff value. Pregnancy status was determined using these cutoff values and then confirmed by ultrasonography. ROC analysis was then applied to confirm the accuracy of the pregnancy statuses (positive and negative) statistically. The statistical evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy measurements suggested that the average values of ISG15 and MX2 in granulocytes were reliable indicators of pregnancy within the three weeks after insemination with 80% accuracy. Average ISG15 and MX2 levels during the estrous cycle were more reliable biomarkers for the prediction of gestation. They predicted negative and positive pregnancies efficiently within three weeks after artificial insemination.


Assuntos
Bovinos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Granulócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Granulócitos/metabolismo , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Proteínas da Gravidez/metabolismo , Testes de Gravidez/veterinária , Prenhez , Animais , Ciclo Estral , Feminino , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Gravidez , Testes de Gravidez/métodos , Prenhez/sangue
11.
Anim Sci J ; 87(3): 419-22, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26212859

RESUMO

Endogenous retroviruses present in the genomes take a specific role in placental formation in various vertebrates, including bovine and sheep. Fematrin-1, which is the envelope (Env) protein of bovine endogenous retrovirus found in bovine placenta, is involved in the formation of fetomaternal hybrid cells in cattle placenta. This study was conducted to clarify whether fematrin-1 possesses fusogenic activity in trophoblast cells. Another question is whether Env proteins only have species-specific activity or not. For this, fematrin-1 gene was transfected in ovine trophoblast cells, and we examined fusogenic activity with Cos-7 cells. Although fematrin-1 fusogenic activity was detected in both neutral and acidic pH conditions, acidic condition significantly enhanced it. These activities were rather weaker than those of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein as a positive control. However, the ratio of fematrin-1 and vesicular stomatitis virus G protein fusion index was confirmed similar to those in the previous reports. Some fusion cells showed multinucleate cells. These results imply that fematrin-1 is involved in the formation of trophoblast hybrid cells even in different species trophoblastic cells.


Assuntos
Fusão Celular , Retrovirus Endógenos/genética , Produtos do Gene env/fisiologia , Trofoblastos/citologia , Animais , Células COS , Bovinos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Feminino , Células Híbridas , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio
12.
Anim Sci J ; 85(7): 763-9, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24798459

RESUMO

The conceptus is susceptible to destruction by maternal cytotoxic lymphocytes, which have cytotoxic potential. Therefore, it is expected that mechanisms for regulating cytotoxic lymphocytes exist, but little is known about the expression of cytotoxic genes in the endometrium. In the present study, we examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of the cytotoxic genes perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin during the estrous cycle and gestation in the bovine endometrium. Endometrial tissues were collected from cows during the estrous cycle and gestation. The gene expression patterns of the three cytotoxic genes were examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization, and cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets were characterized using immunohistochemistry. During mid- to late gestation in the intercaruncular (ICAR), granulysin expression was significantly increased, and a large number of granulysin-expressing cells were localized in the luminal epithelium. Perforin and granzyme B displayed similar expression profiles and were highly expressed in the peri-implantation endometrium, but few cells expressing these genes were found in the endometrial stroma. In conclusion, these findings suggest that in the ICAR epithelium granulysin may play important roles in the establishment and maintenance of gestation during normal pregnancy.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/fisiologia , Bovinos/fisiologia , Endométrio/metabolismo , Ciclo Estral/genética , Ciclo Estral/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/genética , Expressão Gênica , Granzimas/genética , Granzimas/metabolismo , Perforina/genética , Perforina/metabolismo , Prenhez/genética , Prenhez/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos , Animais , Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Hibridização In Situ , Subpopulações de Linfócitos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez
13.
J Vet Med Sci ; 75(3): 381-5, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23090693

RESUMO

In the olfactory system, G proteins couple to the olfactory receptors, and G proteins expressed in the main olfactory system and vomeronasal system vary according to animal species. In this study, G protein α subunits expressed in the main olfactory system and vomeronasal system of the snake were identified by immunohistochemistry. In the olfactory epithelium, only anti-Gαolf/s antibody labeled the cilia of the receptor cells. In the vomeronasal epithelium, only anti-Gαo antibody labeled the microvilli of the receptor cells. In the accessory olfactory bulb, anti-Gαo antibody stained the whole glomerular layer. These results suggest that the main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system of the snake express Gαolf and Gαo as G proteins coupling to the olfactory receptors, respectively.


Assuntos
Colubridae/fisiologia , Subunidades alfa de Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Órgão Vomeronasal/metabolismo , Animais , Subunidades alfa de Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Olfato/fisiologia
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA