[Comparison of the Conventional Centrifuged and Filtrated Preparations in Urine Cytology].

The urine cytology test is one of the most important tools for the diagnosis of malignant urinary tract tumors. This test is also of great value for predicting malignancy. However, the sensitivity of this test is not high enough to screen for malignant cells. In our laboratory, we were able to attain a high sensitivity of urine cytology tests after changing the preparation method of urine samples. The differences in the cytodiagnosis between the two methods are discussed here. From January 2012 to June 2013, 2,031 urine samples were prepared using the conventional centrifuge method (C method) ; and from September 2013 to March 2015, 2,453 urine samples were prepared using the filtration method (F method) for the cytology test. When the samples included in category 4 or 5, were defined as cytological positive, the sensitivities of this test with samples prepared using the F method were significantly high compared with samples prepared using the C method (72% vs 28%, p＜0.001). The number of cells on the glass slides prepared by the F method was significantly higher than that of the samples prepared by the C method (p＜0.001). After introduction of the F method, the number of f alse negative cases was decreased in the urine cytology test because a larger number of cells was seen and easily detected as atypical or malignant epithelial cells. Therefore, this method has a higher sensitivity than the conventional C method as the sensitivity of urine cytology tests relies partially on the number of cells visualized in the prepared samples.

Measurement of immature platelet fraction is useful in the differential diagnosis of MYH9 disorders.

INTRODUCTION: Although the presence of large and giant platelets is important in screening for MYH9 disorders, platelet morphology evaluation is dependent on operator subjectivity. Immature platelet fraction (IPF%) is widely used in clinical practice because of its rapidity and reproducibility; however, IPF% has been rarely analyzed in MYH9 disorders. Therefore, our study aimed to clarify the usefulness of IPF% in the differential diagnosis of MYH9 disorders. METHODS: We assessed 24 patients with MYH9 disorders, 10 with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP), 14 with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with thrombocytopenia (<100 × 109 /L), and 20 healthy volunteers. Platelet-related data, including IPF% and platelet morphology (diameter, surface area, and staining), were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Median IPF% in MYH9 disorders, 48.7%, was significantly higher than in all other groups (cITP: 13.4%, MDS: 9.4%, controls: 2.6%). IPF% in MYH9 disorders was significantly negatively correlated with platelet count and significantly positively correlated with the diameter and surface area of platelets, but a correlation was not found between IPF% and platelet staining. The area under the curve of IPF% for the differential diagnosis of MYH9 disorders was 0.987 (95% CI: 0.969-1.000), with a sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 93.2% when the cutoff value of IPF% was 24.3%. CONCLUSION: Our study strongly suggests that IPF% is useful in the differential diagnosis between MYH9 disorders and other types of thrombocytopenia.