[Metabolic disturbances as a factor of the pathogenesis of hypertensive disease and its clinical outcomes].

AIM: To identify and determine the mechanisms of an association between arterial hypertension (AH) and proatherogenic systemic metabolic disturbances in hypertensive disease (HD), as well as the possibility of eliminating these disturbances by antihypertensivetherapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients with HD and 64 persons randomly selected from an unorganized urban population were examined. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), insulin sensitivity, the most important metabolic parameters of lipids, lipoproteins, and glucose, the degree of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and the rate of lipoprotein proatherogenic and immunogenic modification were determined. RESULTS: All the patients with HD were found to have a regular concurrence of AH with systemic inflammation and activated free-radical reactions, metabolic abnormalities, such as atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, atherogenic and immunogenic modified lipoproteins. Antihypertensive treatment failed to eliminate metabolic disturbances even when BP control was fully restored. CONCLUSION: AH and systemic metabolic disturbances in HD have a common pathogenetic basis and the treatment of hypertensive patients should provide the normalization of not only BP, but also inflammatory and oxidative status and systemic metabolism.

[Vascular lesions of the nervous system in malignant tumors of the internal organs]. / Sosudistye porazheniia nervnoi sistemy pri zlokachestvennyklh opukholiakh vnutrennikh organov.

Cases of neurovascular disorders in patients with malignant tumours of the viscera are described in neurological literature insufficiently. In this connection the author reports about two males and three females aged 25 to 78 years suffering from malignant tumours of the lungs, stomach, and prostate with concomitant atherosclerosis, late toxemia of pregnancy and uveomeningitis. These patients developed neurovascular disorders that have led to lethal outcomes. On the basis of clinical and pathoanatomic findings the role of malignant tumours of the viscera in the pathogenesis of neuromuscular disorders is discussed.

[Acid-base equilibrium in patients with tick-borne encephalitis and similar diseases]. / Kislotno-shchelochnoe ravnovesie u bol'nykh kleshchevym éntsefalitom i skhodnymi s nim zabolevaniiami.

The study is concerned with the acid-base balance in 92 patients with tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne fever and meningitis of an obscure etiology. In many cases there was a shift in the direction of a metabolic acidosis, which was most vividly expressed in the meningitic form of tick-borne encephalitis. Some of the patients were treated by sodium bicarbonate which exerted a positive effect. The degree of changed indices of the acid-base balance and the time of their appearance helps in the diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis correct evaluation of the severity of the condition and timely prescription of correction therapy.

[Comparative characteristics of encephalitis with hyperkinetic syndromes]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika éntsefalitov s giperkineticheskim sindromom.

On the basis of analyzing the clinical and laboratory (electro- and pneumoencephalographic data, results of immunological and psychological tests) findings in 27 patients suffering from encephalitis of various etiology accompanied with the hyperkinetic syndrome, criteria for diagnostic differentiation of tick-borne and other forms of encephalitis are offered. The results obtained allow one to distinguish with sufficient confidence between chronic tick-borne encephalitis and encephalitis of other etiology. The criteria being offered can be used for deciding on the treatment scheme and for forecasting the disease outcome.

[Vitamin E activity of some alpha-tocopherol derivatives and their effect on the ubiquinone level in rat liver in vitro]. / E-vitaminnaia aktivnost' nekotorykh proizvodnykh alpha-tokoferola i vliianie ikh na soderzhanie ubikhinona v pecheni krys in vitro.

An addition of alpha-tocopherol (I) and its synthetic derivatives (alpha-tocopheryl quinone (II), its short-chained analog (III), alpha-tocopherol lactone (IV), and short-chained alpha-tocopheryl acetate (V)) to the homogenized liver of vitamin E deficient rats resulted in a significant increase of ubiquinone after 2 hour incubation. Activity of the above derivatives (II-V) was not associated directly with their transformation into I or with a noticeable increase of the I content. There is a certain correlation between the chemical structure and the level of vitamin E activity of alpha-tocopherol derivatives that led to an increase in the ubiquinone content and prevented the decrease of tissue respiration and termination of pregnancy in rats.

[Vitamin E, ubiquinone and ubiquinone-dependent enzymes in experimental myocarditis]. / Vitamin E, ubikhinon i ubikhinonzavisimye fermenty pri éksperimental' nom miokardite.

It is shown that a day after introduction of adrenaline which evokes experimental focal myocarditis the level of ubiquinone and vitamin E content in the myocardial mitochondria increases by 56.8 and 122%, respectively. Succinate-ubiquinone-reductase activity in mitochondria remains practically unchanged, while NADH-ubiquinone-reductase activity considerably falls. 5 days after the focal myocarditis reproduction the content of ubiquinone and NADH-ubiquinone-reductase activity of mitochondria return to the norm, while the vitamin E amount remains higher than in intact animals. 24h after adrenaline introduction the level of succinate-ubiquinone-reductase activity of blood leucocytes considerably grows. It is not normalized even on the 5th day after adrenaline administration. It is supposed that the level of this activity may be an index showing development of the focal myocarditis.

[Activity of certain redox enzymes of rat liver mitochondria at different levels of dietary vitamin E]. / Izuchenie aktivnosti nekotorykh okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'nykh fermentov mitokhondrii pecheni krys pri razlichnom urovne obespechennosti organizma vitaminom E.

Taking into account the found earlier relation of vitamin E to the ubiquinone functioning and metabolism, the authors studied the enzymic activity of succinate dehydrogenase, NADH-dehydrogenase and cytochrome-c-oxidase--coenzyme Q binding sites of the respiratory chain of the rat liver mitochondria. The experiments were carried out with female rats who received a vitamin-E-deficient diet for 6 months. The enzymic activities and the ubiquinone content in the liver mitochondria of these animals are shown to be considerably lower as compared to the animals received a vitamin E diet; alpha-ocopherol, alpha-tocopheronolactone and ubiquinone 3h after administration manifest a clearly pronounced normalizing effect relative to both the enzymic activity and the ubiquinone content. An assumption is advanced that the effect of alpha-tocopherol and its metabolite is associated with controlling the level of functionally active ubiquinone in the mitochondria. Other mechanisms of the membrane-bound enzymes control by the compounds under study are also discussed in connection with the alpha-tocopherol effect on the mitochondrial membranes.

[Determination of adenine nucleotide and inorganic phosphate contents of liver of rats with E-hypovitaminosis and administration of alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinone-9]. / Opredelenie soderzhaniia adeninnukleotidov i neorganicheskogo fosfata v pecheni krys pri E-gipovitaminoze i vvedenii al'fa-tokoferola i ubikhinoma-9.

It is shown that in the rat liver with E-hypovitaminosis the ATP content, sum of adenine nucleotides, and the phosphate potential value ([ATP]/[ADP.]Pi) decrease, whereas the amount of ADP, AMP and Pi remains practically unchanged. 3h after intravenous administration of alpha-tocopherol of ubiquinone to rats with E-hyovitaminosis the mentioned indices normalize, which evidences for a considerable increase in the level of bioenergetic processes. The direction of the mentioned changes corresponds to changes in the ubiquinone content and activity of the respiratory chain redox enzymes. The participation of vitamin E in processes of oxidative phosphorylation may be connected with the metabolism control and ubiquinone functioning.

[Efficiency of ubiquinone and p-oxybenzoic acid in prevention of E-hypovitaminosis-induced development of muscular dystrophy]. / Izuchenie éffektivnosti ubikhinona i p-oksibenzoinoi kisloty v preduprezhdenii razvitiia myshechnoi distrofii, vyzvannoi E-gipovitaminozom.

It is shown that E-hypovitaminosis-induced muscular dystrophy in rabbits is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the body mass, an increase in the urine creatine-index, a decrease in the vitamin E and ubiquinone contents in the liver and skeletal muscle tissues. In the myocardium mitochondria a decrease in the vitamin E content and an increase in the ubiquinone content are observed. The activity of NADH-cytochrome c-, NADH-ubiquinone- and succinate-ubiquinone-reductase also varies in mitochondria of the studied tissues. In myocardium organellas a direct dependence is found between the content of ubiquinone, NADH- and succinate-ubiquinone-reductase activity and an inverse one-between its content and the activity of the NADH-cytochrome c-reductase system. It is established that p-oxybenzoic acid as well as vitamin E prevents development of muscular dystrophy and causes changes analogous in direction in the activity of the ubiquinone-dependent enzymic systems of mitochondria. Ubiquinone-9 is less efficient in preventing the development of muscular dystrophy.

[Effect of vitamin E and ubiquinone-9 on activity of ubiquinone-dependent enzymic systems of rat liver mitochondria]. / Deistvie vitamina E i ubikhinona-9 na aktivnost' ubikhinon-zavisimykh fermentnykh sistem mitokhondrii pecheni krys.

It is shown that the activity of succinate- and NADH-ubiquinone-reductase systems as well as the ubiquinone content in the liver mitochondria of E-hypovitaminotic rats decrease as compared to their level in the liver mitochondria of healthy animals. Under conditions of E-hypovitaminosis alpha-tocopheronolactone and ubiquinone-9 3 h after intravenous injection to rats produce a pronounced normalizing effect on the ubiquinone content and on the activity of ubiquinone-dependent enzymic systems. It is assumed that a positive effect of vitamin E and its metabolite on the activity of these enzymic systems is to a considerable extent connected with an increase in the ubiquinone content in the rat liver mitochondria.

[E-vitamin activity of vitamin E derivatives with experimental encephalomalacia in chicks]. / E-vitaminnaia aktivnost' proizvodnykh vitamina E pri eksperimental'noi entsefalomaliatsii u tsypliat.

When adding pharmacopoeian alpha-tocopherylacetate, short-chain alpha-tocopherylacetate, alpha-tocopherylquinine, short-chain alpha-tocopherylquinone and alpha-tocopheronolactone to E-avitaminotic rations pharmacopoeian alpha-tocopherylacetate and alpha-tocopheronolactone manifest the highest E-vitamin activity in preventing encephalomalacia in chickens. The action of alpha-tocopheronolactone is not directly associated with changes in the content of vitamin E and ubiquinone in the brain and liver tissues. All the studied derivatives are effective in increasing resistance of erythrocytes to osmotic hemolysis. The data obtained evidence for a nonspecific function of vitamin E in preventing alimentary encephalomalacia in chickens as well as for the absence of disturbances in ubiquinone metabolism under conditions of the E-hypovitaminosis experimental model.

[Systemic enzyme therapy in chronic glomerulonephritis]. / Sistemnaia fermentnaia terapiia pri khronicheskom glomerulonefrite.

AIM: To try polyenzyme drug vobenzim in chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 174 CGN patients were randomized into 2 groups. The study group of 39 patients received conventional pathogenetic treatment plus vobenzim (initial dose 18-24, maintenance 12-15 dragees a day). Control group of 135 patients were given only pathogenetic therapy. 67 patients appeared ineligible. RESULTS: 3-6 months after the treatment the response was seen in 61.5% patients of the study and 17.8% patients of the control group. Side effects of vobenzim in CGN treatment were absent. CONCLUSION: Enzyme therapy with vobenzim in CGN is safe and effective.

[Effectiveness of different alpha-tocopherol derivatives in preventing experimental muscular dystrophy in chickens]. / Izuchenie éffektivnosti razlichnykh proizvodnykh al'fa-tokoferola v preduprezhdenii éksperimental'noi myshechnoi distrofii u tsypliat.

Activity of vitamin E and its derivatives--alpha-tocopheryl quinone, its short chain analogue and alpha-tocopheryl acetate also containing short chain molecule were studied during chicken experimental muscular dystrophy. alpha-Tocopheryl quinone containing short chain molecule proved to be the most active substance; similarly to vitamin E the preparation increased the erythrocyte resistance to osmotic haemolysis, distinctly increased the content of ubiquinone and decreased concentration of ubichromenol in the chicken liver tissue as compared with E-deficient animals. At the same time, the content of ubiquinone was unaltered in skeletal muscles. The data obtained suggest that vitamin E could be effectively substituted by its derivatives for prevention an treatment of muscular dystrophy.

[The efficacy of lincomycin in tick-borne encephalitis]. / Ob éffektivnosti linkomitsina pri kleshevom éntsefalite.

Lincomycin was found to inhibit tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus. To test antiviral potential of this drug, a clinical trial was initiated entering TBE patients from known focuses of the disease (Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Perm and Irkutsk Provinces). The drug was given to 23 patients with meningeal and meningoencephalitic TBE. A control group of 22 matched subjects received specific immunoglobulin. Resultant efficacy of lincomycin appeared not inferior to that of anti-TBE immunoglobulin. Lincomycin can be successfully introduced in the treatment of meningeal and meningoencephalitic TBE.

[Changes in the thrombocyte and procoagulant links in hemostasis in patients with arterial hypertension]. / Izmeneniia trombotsitarnogo i prokoaguliantnogo zven'ev gemostaza u bol'nykh s arterial'noi gipertenziei.

A study of 62 workers with arterial hypertension of the ore mining industry revealed significant and various changes of the thrombocytic and coagulation hemostasis in patients. Hyperfibrinemia, increase of adhesive-aggregation properties of cellular elements, depression of fibrinolysis creates a thrombogenic situation. For choice of treatment tactics in clinical conditions it is recommended to evaluate the thrombocytic and procoagulant links of hemostasis. Disorders in the system of primary hemostasis (increase of adhesive-aggregational properties of cellular elements) are an indication to the use of antiaggregants (tyclid, tyclopidin). In case of fibrinolysis depression, anticoagulants should be used in the therapy complex.

[Possibility of preventing muscular dystrophy in E avitaminosis with alpha-tocopheronolactone and diludin]. / Izuchenie vozmozhnosti preduprezhdeniia myshechnoi distrotii pri E-avitaminoze al'fa-tokoferonolaktonom i diludinom.

The efficacy of pharmacopeial alpha-tocopheryl acetate, alpha-tocopheronolactone and the antioxidant diludin was studied as to the possibilities of preventing E-hypovitaminosis muscle dystrophy in rabbits. alpha-Tocopheronolactone action was similar to that of pharmacopeial alpha-tocopheryl acetate as regards E-vitamin activity that was manifested by an increase in the body mass, decrease in the urine creatine index and maintenance of normal ubiquinone content, as well as of succinate-ubiquinone-reductase, NADH-ubiquinone-reductase and NADH-cytochrome c-reductase activity of rabbit skeletal muscle and heart mitochondria. On the contrary , as a result of the antioxidant administration, no direct correlation was found between ubiquinone content and activity of ubiquinone-dependent enzymatic systems of mitochondria. The data obtained attest to high E-vitamin activity of alpha-tocopheronolactone. The action of the latter was disclosed to be different from that produced by the antioxidant.

[The clinico-electrophysiological assessment of the efficacy of microwave resonance therapy in the rehabilitative treatment of patients with cerebral palsy in the form of spastic diplegia]. / Kliniko-élektrofiziologicheskaia otsenka éffektivnosti mikrovolnovoi rezonansnoi terapii v vostanovitel'nom lechenii bol'nykh detskim tserebral'nym paralichom v forme spasticheskoi diplegii.

As indicated by EEG and EMG data, adjuvant microwave resonance therapy included in the complex of routine aftertreatment of 24 children with spastic diplegia improved therapeutic efficacy and promoted positive trends in the patient's condition of 63% of those treated. The changes in ENMG parameters induced by microwave resonance therapy reflect shifts in the function of peripheral neuromotor system via optimisation of suprasegmental effects.

Plastic scintillators with ß-diketone Eu complexes for high ionizing radiation detection.

Luminescent and scintillation properties of polystyrene-based plastic scintillators with ß-diketone Eu complexes are investigated. A scintillator with dibenzoylmethane Eu complex containing two phenyl groups demonstrates the maximum scintillating efficiency. It is shown that plastic scintillators efficiency is dramatically decreased if ß-diketone derivatives contain no phenyl groups as substituents. This fact can be explained by exciplex mechanism of energy transfer from a matrix to Eu complex.