[Hygienic evaluation of the effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on the soils of megapolises].

The paper gives the results of studying the quantity of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Moscow soil, as well as the latter's hygienic evaluation by the changes in acidity (pH) and redox potential and by the sanitary state (the levels of Escherichia coli and viable helminthic eggs). The study has ascertained that the petroleum-polluted soils show changes in medium pH and redox conditions that determine the biological activity of the substances and the trend in their disintegration processes and revealed a relationship of thy sanitary state of Moscow soils to their level of petroleum hydrocarbons.

[Influence of the growth phase of Neisseria meningitidis on the accumulation of antigens cross-reacting with human antigens in the culture].

The content of N. meningitidis antigens with epitopes cross-reacting with human antigens was studied in the dynamics of the meningococci cultivation. The absence of these antigens in the culture in the middle of the exponential phase of growth and their presence in the culture at the end of the stationary growth phase of growth were shown. Thus the expediency of using the culture in the middle of the exponential phase of growth for obtaining meningococcal (serogroups A, B and C) vaccines was demonstrated. The trend, found to be promising for the development of immunologically safe vaccines which contained no antigens having common epitopes with human antigens, was determined.

[Antigen properties of oral intake whole-culture preparations from Neisseria meningitides of serogroups A, B and C]. / Antigennye svoistva peroral'nykh tsel'nokul'tural'nykh preparatov iz Neisseria meningitidis serogrupp A, B i C.

A new technology of deriving the whole-culture peroral meningococcal mono-vaccines of serogroups A, B and C from the acetone-inactivated cultures was experimentally substantiated. The latter cultures were obtained through computer-aided continuous-flow cultivation of Neisseria meningitides of the above serogroups in the bioreactor with a synthetic nutrient medium. The whole-culture meningococcal mono-preparation of 3 serogroups comprised a complete set of antibodies, i.e. polysaccharides (PS), external membrane proteins (EMP) and lipopolysaccharides (LPP), in their native condition. High levels of IgG to PS, EMP and LPP were detected in blood sera of rabbits, which had been perorally immunized by the above preparations; such high levels persisted for a long time (303 days--observation period). It is noteworthy, that in accumulating of IgG to all investigated antigens of meningococcus of serogroups A and C, the optimal doses of whole-culture peroral monovaccines did not exceed the culture doses used to derive the hyper-immune sera at intravenous immunization.

[Isolation of monospecific antiserum to rat IgE]. / Poluchenie monospetsificheskoi antisyvorotki k IgE krysy.

Immunochemically pure IgE was obtained from the serum of LOW rats carrying IgE-plasmocytome by the immunochemical methods (ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration). This IgE served as an antigen for immunization of a rabbit to produce a specific antiserum. The monospecificity of this antiserum was achieved by its sorption with normal serum proteins.

[Humoral immune response in animals after the oral administration of group C meningococcal whole-culture preparation]. / Gumoral'nyi immunnyi otvet zhivotnykh na peroral'noe vvedenie meningokokkovogo serogruppy C tsel'nokul'turnogo preparata.

Experimental data giving grounds for the development of a new group C meningococcal whole-culture preparation for oral administration are presented. The study revealed that the use of the controlled cultivation of group C meningococci and a nutrient medium with definite chemical composition in combination with the "soft" method of the isolation of the whole-culture preparation ensured the preservation of polysaccharide, outer membrane protein and lipooligosaccharide in a native state, as well as retaining their full antigenic value, in the preparation. The oral immunization with the whole-culture preparation stimulated the multiple elevation of the level of hemagglutinating and IgG antibodies to these antigens and their prolonged preservation in the blood of immunized animals.

[Immune response to the oral administration of a new meningococcal preparation, serogroup A, under experiment]. / Immunnyi otvet na peroral'noe vvedenie novogo meningokokkovogo preparata serogruppy A v éksperimente.

In the experiment on rabbits immune response to the oral administration of a new Neisseria meningitidis whole culture preparation, serogroup A, was demonstrated. The preparation was based on the acetone fixed culture, grown by the continuous flow method under a computer-controlled constant level of oxygen. The immunological activity of the preparation was demonstrated. In the blood sera of rabbits examined by immunoenzyme assay and the passive hemagglutination test, a multiple increase in the content of hemagglutinating and IgG antibodies to polysaccharide, outer membrane proteins and lipooligosaccharide was noted, their content remaining at a high level for 303 days (the term of observation). The oral immunization with the preparation protected mice infected with N. meningitidis live culture, serogroup A.

[Immunobiological effects of a decimeter-range electromagnetic field in its exposure over the area of the thyroid gland]. / Immunobiologicheskie éffekty élektromagnitnogo polia detsimetrovogo diapazona pri ego vozdeistvii na oblasti shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

The immunological effect caused by the influence of the local action of the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) electromagnetic field on the projection zone of the thyroid gland was studied. The action of UHF waves shown to be capable of producing both immunostimulating and immunosuppressing effects; their manifestation depended on the period of immunogenesis, affected by the action of UHF waves. The synthesis of nonspecific immunoglobulins showed greater resistance to the suppressive action of UHF waves than the synthesis of specific immunoglobulins, i.e. antibodies. The activation of the thyroid gland under the influence of UHF waves occurred before the immunostimulating effect was observed.

[Comparative study of the immunoglobulins and specific antibodies in the blood of rabbits immunized with ADTP vaccine and ADT-anatoxin with normal and reduced antigen contents]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie immunoglobulinov i spetsificheskikh antitel v krovi krolikov, immunizirovannykh AKDS-vaktsinoi i ADS-anatoksinom obychnogo sostava i s umen'shennym soderzhaniem antigenov.

Adsorbed DPT vaccine and adsorbed DT toxoids with normal and reduced antigen content were used for the immunization of rabbits. The levels of IgM and IgG and the dynamics of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins and to Bordetella pertussis in the blood sera of the animals were studied in the postvaccinal period (on days 15 and 34). This study revealed that the reduction of the antigen content of adsorbed DT toxoid to 5 Lf of diphtheria toxoid and 5 binding units of tetanus toxoid did not decrease the capacity of the preparation for increasing the levels of IgG and IgM, antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins in the sera of the rabbits. The reduced content of these toxoids in adsorbed DPT vaccine did not affect its capacity for inducing the enhanced synthesis of IgG, antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxins, while the production of IgM and IgA remained unchanged. At the same time an increase in the titers of antibodies to B. pertussis in the animals was less pronounced than that observed after the injection of commercial adsorbed DPT vaccine. Additional investigations are necessary in order to establish the protective potency of the pertussis component in adsorbed DPT vaccine with the reduced content of toxoids and to find out the optimum antigenic composition for this preparation.

[Antigenic activity of oral whole-culture meningococcal serogroup B vaccine]. / Antigennaia aktivnost' peroral'nogo tsel'nokul'tural'nogo preparata meningokokkov serogruppy B.

The whole-culture vaccine preparation of Neisseria meningitidis, serogroup B, obtained by cultivation in a computer-controlled bioreactor, was studied. The preparation was shown to contain antigenically active polysaccharide, outer membrane proteins, as well as lipooligosaccharide, faintly pyrogenic and with low toxicity. After oral immunization of rabbits a multiple increase in the levels of IgG antibodies to these antigens in their blood serum was noted during the period of observation (303 days).

[Pseudomonas aeruginosa survival in the abdominal cavity of mice immunized with vaccines made from the Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota]. / Vyzhivaemost' Pseudomonas aeruginosa v briushnoi polosti myshei, immunizirovannykh vaktsinami iz mutanta Re Salmonella minnesota.

Active and passive immunization with heated and ribosomal vaccines prepared from the mutant of S. minnesota was found to enhance the inactivation of P. aeruginosa in the abdominal cavity of mice, but had no influence on the inactivation of staphylococci. The inactivating potency of antisera was due to the presence of IgM and IgG. Vaccines prepared from the S-forms of enterobacteria did not enhance the inactivation of P. aeruginosa.

[Development of humoral immunity to heterologous antigen in the parenteral and peroral administration of pertussis vaccine]. / Razvitie gumoral'nogo immuniteta k geterologichnomu antigenu pri parenteral'nom i peroral'nom vvedenii kokliushnoi vaktsiny.

The influence of pertussis vaccine administered by different methods on the development of humoral immune response to heterologous antigen obtained from the bovine spinal cord has been studied on rabbits. Pertussis vaccine introduced into the body of animals simultaneously with the heterologous antigen has been found to induce, besides protective anti-pertussis immunity, the development of reagin immune response to the antigen of cerebrospinal tissue. The reagin response was more pronounced in the animals receiving pertussis vaccine parenterally. At the same time, on days 10-15 after immunization by both methods a decrease in the IgG and IgM levels and their subsequent increase were registered. These data suggest that the parenteral administration of pertussis vaccine creates a higher allergic background in the body in comparison with oral immunization.

[Antibody titers to glycolipid chemotype Re and endotoxin binding by leukocytes in suppurative meningitis]. / Titry antitel k glikolipidu khemotipa Re i sviazyvanie éndotoksina leikotsitami pri gnoinykh meningitakh.

The state of immunity to endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria in 45 patients with purulent meningitis caused by meningococci and Escherichia was studied. For comparison, similar characteristics in 35 practically healthy persons were studied. The state of immunity was evaluated by antibody titers in the passive hemagglutination inhibition test with chemotype Re glycolipid and by the content of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, capable of binding endotoxin in the blood of the examinee (in vivo determination), and leukocytes, capable of binding endotoxin during the treatment of thin blood smears (in vitro determination). Leukocytes bound with endotoxin were detected in blood smears in the enzyme immunoassay with the use of the conjugate of horse-radish peroxidase with antibodies to chemotype Re glycolipid. The study revealed that the acute period of bacterial meningitis was characterized by considerable suppression of antiendotoxin immunity. Leukocytes, binding endotoxin in vivo, as well as leukocytes, capable of binding endotoxin in vitro, were practically absent in the patients at the time of their admittance to the hospital. After treatment the characteristics of antiendotoxin immunity restored practically to normal values.

[The Fc-dependent binding of gram-negative bacterial endotoxins by human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes]. / Fc-zavisimoe sviazyvanie éndotoksinov gramotritsatel'nykh bakterii polimorfnoiadernymi leikotsitami krovi cheloveka.

The treatment of thin blood smears with antibodies to glycolipid of chemotype Re, conjugated with horseradish peroxidase, revealed that under physiological conditions about 3.5% of leukocytes bound endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria by means of the Fc-dependent mechanism. In addition, about 4.9% of leukocytes may bind endotoxin as the result of the treatment of blood smears with the preparation of glycolipid of chemotype Re. At the acute period of bacterial cerebrospinal meningitis leukocytes capable of binding endotoxin in the body or during the treatment of blood smears are practically absent. The conclusion was made that the binding of endotoxins by leukocytes had a protective character.

[Dynamics of serum immunoglobulin concentrations in the rabbit during experimental food anaphylaxis]. / Dinamika soderzhaniia immunoglobulinov v syvorotke krolikov v khode éksperimental'noi pishchevoi anafilaksii.

The content of serum IgG, IgM and IgG was studied in rabbits at varying times of oral sensitization of animals before and after administration of the resolving dose of food protein. The content of IgG was found to be reduced on the 19th-21st day of sensitization. Meanwhile the content of IgA increased on the 24th day of oral sensitization. Administration of the resolving dose of protein on the 19th day of sensitization was followed by the reduction of IgG content. A reverse correlation was revealed between the changes in the content of IgG and the degree of food anaphylaxis in rabbits.

Allergen-containing drug from Malassezia spp. yeast.

Malassezia spp. yeast habituating the skin of healthy humans can be a source of allergens for patients with atopic dermatitis. We proposed a method for obtaining allergen-containing preparation by trimming outer cell wall proteins with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The resultant preparation contained 36 and 67 kD proteins known as Malassezia allergens. IgE antibodies to these proteins were detected in the sera of young people with atopic dermatitis.

IgE and IgG antibodies to Malassezia spp. yeast extract in patients with atopic dermatitis.

The presence of immunoglobulins to Malassezia spp. surface proteins in the sera from patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects was studied. It was found that 28% of 25 examined patients with atopic dermatitis had IgE antibodies to Malassezia spp. surface protein preparation. All patients and 5 healthy subjects had IgG antibodies to this preparation. The presence and concentration of specific IgE antibodies in patients with atopic dermatitis correlated with reverse titers of IgG antibodies to this preparation (r=0.782). The medians of values reciprocal to IgG antibody titers in patients with atopic dermatitis with and without specific IgE antibodies to the preparation and in healthy subjects were 64, 1024, and 16, respectively. The preparation derived from Candida albicans (candidine) and previously derived preparation from Malassezia did not cross-react. According to immunoblotting data, the preparation contains allergens presented by proteins with molecular weights 15, 36, 52-56, and 78.4 kDa.