[Medical and psychological prediction of professional readiness of graduates of military school].

The authors propose a method for assessing the professional readiness of graduates of military educational institution, taking into account academic performance, the results of sociometric surveys, data on the professional fitness and health. The high efficiency of the developed method for predicting successful adaptation of graduates to serve in the armed forces is showed.

[Current aspects of creation of expert systems in aviation medicine]. / Aktual'nye voprosy sozdaniia ékspertnykh sistem v aviatsionnoi meditsiny.

Topical directions of developing the medical expert systems (MES) are considered. The problems to be solved by using programming and informational means as part of MES are discussed. A classification of the knowledge of expert physicians who directly deal with decision making is proposed. The characteristics of the developed MES well appreciated by the results of their operation are given. They show new trends associated with the update of medical knowledge and the developmental level of information technologies.

[Methods of synthesizing the index of an operator's psychophysiological stress]. / Metodika sinteza pokazatelia psikhofiziologicheskogo napriazheniia operatora.

The paper presents a procedure for synthesizing the psychophysiological stress that may be used to solve a wide range of problems associated with the control of an operator's professional skills in relation to his/her individual response to working conditions, nature, and results of activities.

[Methods and software of the assessment of risk of untoward outcome after exposure to critical occupational factors]. / Metody i programmnye sredstva dlia otsenki riska neblagopriiatnykh iskhodov pri vozdeistvii ékstremal'nykh faktorov proizvodstvennoi deiatel'nosti.

The authors discuss a problem of expert PC systems helpful in evaluation of lower performance of operators exposed to extreme factors of the environment. Those extreme factors are exemplified by increased G-factor during maneuver flights. Some empirical principles obtained by means of trials on the real and half-real testing units helped to design mathematic tools to evaluate risk of pilots' subconsciousness episodes, so a criterion scale of the subconsciousness risk is suggested. Particular values of the risk level are associated with operative and long-standing recommendations to make the risk lower. The materials and data used are examples of linguistic variables and fuzzy-set theory, applied to unfavorable outcomes in occupational risk.

[Meta-analysis of the cumulative effects of piloting G-loads on the cervical vertebrae]. / Otsenka kululiativnykh éffektov vliianiia pilotazhnykh peregruzok na sheinyi otdel pozvonochnika metodom meta-analiza.

On the data of meta-analysis performed in 10 independent Russian and international studies of the cumulative effects of piloting g-loads on functioning of the vertebral column cervical segment, the conclusion has been made concerning a statistically significant linkage between the degenerative dystrophic diseases of the vertebral column and regular exposure to the +Gz loads.

[Method of assessing the functional state of the human body]. / Metodika otsenki funktsional'nogo sostoianiia organizma cheloveka.

The article demonstrates an algorithm to evaluate functional state of operators exposed to ecologic hazards. The evaluation of the functional state includes analysis of the heart rhythm registered for 2 minutes. The functional state is assessed through an Indicator of Regulatory Systems Activity (IRSA), obtained by summation of all the values in modulus. IRSA values define 5 functional states: norm; functional strain moderate, marked and extreme; asthenia of regulatory systems. The algorithm suggested differs from the known ones in some features as follows. The diagnosis of heterotopic arrhythmia serves for more precise code demonstrating the heart automatism; formed on the basis of variation coefficient, the code demonstrating stability of the regulation proves the status of stable or disordered regulation; the code demonstrating activities of subcortical neural centers is formed on the basis of measured relative capacity of primary and secondary respiratory waves.

[Psychophysiological mechanisms of formation and development of functional states].

The modern approaches to the problem of formation and development of human functional states was presented. Described grounded theoretical results of experimental studies of the concept of "pattern of functional state" as a description of the functional state in terms of the characteristics of the activity of functional systems to ensure its formation and development in accordance with the dominant. Presented the characteristics of patterns of functional states, determining the reliability of human activities in extreme conditions.

[Evaluation of adaptation of animals to hypoxic hypoxia by the multiple regression method]. / Otsenka adaptatsii zhivotnykh k gipoksicneskoi gipoksii s pomoshch'iu metoda mnozhestvennoi regressii.

White mice were exposed to hypoxic hypoxia during 30 days. In the study a correlation between the altitude ceiling and various physiological parameters (body weight, body temperature variations in response to a cold stress (5 degrees C), hemoglobin content, coefficients of adaptive oxygen consumption determined as the ratio of oxygen consumption at 6000 m to that at sea level (K1) and the ratio of oxygen consumption in hypoxic environment to that in a normoxic atmosphere (K2) was established. The data obtained allow the conclusion that the multiple regression method can be used for measuring objectively the tension of regulatory systems and for discriminating stages of animal adaptation to hypoxic hypoxia.

[Change in the hemodynamics and phase structure of the cardiac cycle in the crew of the 2d "Saliut-4" expedition]. / Izmenenie gemodinamiki i fazovoi struktury serdechnogo tsikla u ékipazha vtoroi ékspeditsii "Saliut-4"

Medical examinations of the Salyut-4 crewmembers included bicycle ergometry tests. During the tests the heart rate and the time intervals of the left ventricle were measured. On the 46th flight day the arterial pressure, cardiac output and peripheral resistance were also determined. In the course of the 63-day flight responses to the 5 min workload of 2100-2200 kgm did not differ essentially from the preflight level, and did not increase with the flight time. Circulation changes noted in zero-g and upon return to I g were similar and can be accounted for by a reduction of the circulating blood volume. Inflight during the first minutes after the workload more marked changes in the cardiac output and cycle were detected. This can be attributed to a relatively stronger effect of blood pooling in working muscles on the venous return of the blood. On the 3rd postflight day the arterial pressure and the velocity of the aortal propagation of the pulse wave were higher.

[Dynamics of the blood circulatory indices in the crew of the Saliut space station in a functional test under physical load]. / Dinamika pokazatelei krovoobrashcheniia u ékipazha kosmicheskoi stantsii "Saliut" pri funktsional'noi probe s fizicheskoi nagruzkoi.

On the 4th, 9th, 16th and 21st days of the "Salyut" mission the crewmembers performed exercises with a load of about 1100 kgm. The results were compared with those obtained on the Earth. Immediately after the tests the crewmembers showed an increased heart rate and greater changes in the diastolic and pulse pressure, cardiac output and left ventricular ejection time. The above parameters returned to the normal at a slower rate. A comparison of the values recorded on different flight days did not demonstrate a distinct correlation between the changes and time of the weightlessness exposure.