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Biomacromolecules ; 20(2): 854-870, 2019 02 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30608149

RESUMO

Small molecule Toll-like receptor-7 and -8 agonists (TLR-7/8a) can be used as vaccine adjuvants to induce CD8 T cell immunity but require formulations that prevent systemic toxicity and focus adjuvant activity in lymphoid tissues. Here, we covalently attached TLR-7/8a to polymers of varying composition, chain architecture and hydrodynamic behavior (∼300 nm submicrometer particles, ∼10 nm micelles and ∼4 nm flexible random coils) and evaluated how these parameters of polymer-TLR-7/8a conjugates impact adjuvant activity in vivo. Attachment of TLR-7/8a to any of the polymer compositions resulted in a nearly 10-fold reduction in systemic cytokines (toxicity). Moreover, both lymph node cytokine production and the magnitude of CD8 T cells induced against protein antigen increased with increasing polymer-TLR-7/8a hydrodynamic radius, with the submicrometer particle inducing the highest magnitude responses. Notably, CD8 T cell responses induced by polymer-TLR-7/8a were dependent on CCR2+ monocytes and IL-12, whereas responses by a small molecule TLR-7/8a that unexpectedly persisted in vaccine-site draining lymph nodes (T1/2 = 15 h) had less dependence on monocytes and IL-12 but required Type I IFNs. This study shows how modular properties of synthetic adjuvants can be chemically programmed to alter immunity in vivo through distinct immunological mechanisms.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/química , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Linfocitária , Micelas , Receptor 7 Toll-Like/agonistas , Receptor 8 Toll-Like/agonistas , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Hidrodinâmica , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Ligação Proteica
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