RESUMO
The prevalence of pediculosis in Mexican children was studied in San Nicolas and Tapachula, Mexico. A cross-sectional study included 888 students between six and 12 years old from two urban communities with an unequal socioeconomic status between September 2015 and March 2016. A Pearson χ2 and multivariate logistic analysis were carried out to associate risk factors to pediculosis. The overall prevalence of pediculosis from both localities was 23.9%. The female gender; long and medium hair; living with someone infested; previously infested by head lice and curling hair were variables linked to a significantly higher prevalence of pediculosis (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed in the age groups, localities and socioeconomic status for human lice infection. Socioeconomic variables such as numbers of inhabitants, floors of house, beds and rooms; and parents' qualification did not show a significative association for pediculosis. Health education in schools is needed for pediculosis prevention and remove the stigmatization of this disease related to poverty.
Assuntos
Infestações por Piolhos , Pediculus , Animais , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Classe Social , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Indígenas Norte-Americanos , Infestações por Piolhos/epidemiologia , Pediculus , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Animais , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Infestações por Piolhos/parasitologia , Infestações por Piolhos/transmissão , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/parasitologia , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
During a chikungunya fever outbreak in late 2014 in Chiapas, Mexico, entomovirological surveillance was performed to incriminate the vector(s). In neighborhoods, 75 households with suspected cases were sampled for mosquitoes, of which 80% (60) harbored Aedes aegypti and 2.7% (2) Aedes albopictus. A total of 1,170 Ae. aegypti and three Ae. albopictus was collected and 81 pools were generated. Although none of the Ae. albopictus pools were chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-positive, 18 Ae. aegypti pools (22.8%) contained CHIKV, yielding an infection rate of 32.3/1,000 mosquitoes. A lack of herd immunity in conjunction with high mosquito populations, poor vector control services in this region, and targeted collections in locations of human cases may explain the high infection rate in this vector. Consistent with predictions from experimental studies, Ae. aegypti appears to be the principal vector of CHIKV in southern Mexico, while the role of Ae. albopictus remains unknown.