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1.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 117: e200409, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35613154

RESUMO

The multiplicity of epidemiological scenarios shown by Chagas Disease, derived from multiple transmission routes of the aetiological agent, occurring on multiple geo-ecobiosocial settings determines the complexity of the disease and reveal the difficulties for its control. From the first description of the link between the parasite, the vector and its domestic habitat and the disease that Carlos Chagas made in 1909, the epidemiological scenarios of the American Trypanosomiasis has shown a dynamic increasing complexity. These scenarios changed with time and geography because of new understandings of the disease from multiple studies, because of policies change at the national and international levels and because human movements brought the parasite and vectors to new geographies. Paradigms that seemed solid at a time were broken down, and we learnt about the global dispersion of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the multiplicity of transmission routes, that the infection can be cured, and that triatomines are not only a health threat in Latin America. We consider the multiple epidemiological scenarios through the different T. cruzi transmission routes, with or without the participation of a Triatominae vector. We then consider the scenario of regions with vectors without the parasite, to finish with the consideration of future prospects.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Triatominae , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animais , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Vetores de Doenças , Ecossistema , Humanos , Triatominae/parasitologia
2.
Hum Reprod ; 33(12): 2249-2255, 2018 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30358843

RESUMO

STUDY QUESTION: Can transplanted primate testicular cells form seminiferous tubules de novo, supporting complete spermatogenesis? SUMMARY ANSWER: Cryopreserved testicular cells from a prepubertal monkey can reorganize in an adult monkey recipient testis forming de novo seminiferous tubular cords supporting complete spermatogenesis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: De novo morphogenesis of testicular tissue using aggregated cells from non-primate species grafted either subcutaneously or in the testis can support spermatogenesis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Two postpubertal rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were given testicular irradiation. One monkey was given GnRH-antagonist treatment from 8 to 16 weeks after irradiation, while the other received sham injections. At 16 weeks, cryopreserved testicular cells from two different prepubertal monkeys [43 × 106 viable (Trypan-blue excluding) cells in 260 µl, and 80 × 106 viable cells in 400 µl] were transplanted via ultrasound-guided injections to one of the rete testis in each recipient, and immune suppression was given. The contralateral testis was sham transplanted. Testes were analyzed 9 months after transplantation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Spermatogenic recovery was assessed by testicular volume, weight, histology and immunofluorescence. Microsatellite genotyping of regions of testicular sections obtained by LCM determined whether the cells were derived from the host or transplanted cells. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Transplanted testis of the GnRH-antagonist-treated recipient, but not the sham-treated recipient, contained numerous irregularly shaped seminiferous tubular cords, 89% of which had differentiating germ cells, including sperm in a few of them. The percentages of donor genotype in different regions of this testis were as follows: normal tubule, 0%; inflammatory, 0%; abnormal tubule region, 67%; whole interior of abnormal tubules, >99%; adluminal region of the abnormal tubules, 92%. Thus, these abnormal tubules, including the enclosed germ cells, were derived de novo from the donor testicular cells. LARGE SCALE DATA: Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The de novo tubules were observed in only one out of the two monkeys transplanted with prepubertal donor testicular cells. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: These findings may represent a promising strategy for restoration of fertility in male childhood cancer survivors. The approach could be particularly useful in those exposed to therapeutic agents that are detrimental to the normal development of the tubule somatic cells affecting the ability of the endogenous tubules to support spermatogenesis, even from transplanted spermatogonial stem cells. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): This work was supported by research grants P01 HD075795 from Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD/NIH) to K.E.O and Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA016672 from NCI/NIH to The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.


Assuntos
Túbulos Seminíferos/fisiologia , Espermatogênese/fisiologia , Testículo/citologia , Testículo/transplante , Animais , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Antagonistas de Hormônios/farmacologia , Macaca mulatta , Masculino
3.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(3): 319-23, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25807471

RESUMO

The migration of invasive vector species has contributed to the worldwide extension of infectious diseases such as dengue (Aedes aegypti) and chikungunya (Aedes albopictus). It is probably a similar behaviour for certain vectors of Chagas disease which allowed it to become a continental burden in Latin America. One of them, Triatoma rubrofasciata has also been spreading throughout the tropical and subtropical world. Here, the recent and massive peridomestic presence of T. rubrofasciata in Vietnam cities is reported, and tentatively explained, highlighting the need for improved entomological surveillance.


Assuntos
Insetos Vetores/classificação , Triatoma/classificação , Animais , Espécies Introduzidas , Vietnã
4.
Am J Med ; 137(11): 1042-1048, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38971529

RESUMO

In the Western world, sales of alcoholic beverages are skyrocketing. Alcohol (ethanol) is consumed for its transient euphoric effects but is a risk factor for the development of heart disease. Here, we review the possible association between alcohol consumption and atrial fibrillation. Using a familiar analogy, we propose that atrial fibrillation is the mere tip of an iceberg (alcohol-associated heart disease). Our concern is that the many research studies on the effects of ethanol on the heart have produced inconsistent results. These include studies of individuals drinking only moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages (aka the "French paradox") on the one hand, and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after binge drinking ("holiday heart syndrome") on the other hand. The evidence available in the literature suggests that hypertension, structured heart disease of any form, neurohumoral stress, and cardiometabolic disorders all favor the development of atrial fibrillation triggered by alcohol. We also suggest that alcohol should be classified as a modifiable risk factor for atrial fibrillation, and also for heart disease in general.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Fibrilação Atrial , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Humanos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Etanol/farmacologia
5.
Radiol Case Rep ; 19(6): 2448-2451, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38585401

RESUMO

Deep intertrabecular recesses and overly pronounced trabeculations in one ventricle are the hallmarks of noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM), a rare congenital cardiomyopathy but very rarely right ventricle (RV), or both ventricles may be involved. We reported a 5-day-old preterm newborn with signs of congestive heart failure that the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed deep intertrabecular recesses perfused from the left ventricle (LV) and RV cavity, as well as significantly increased wall thickness of the right ventricles and hypertrabeculations in the apical and midventricular segments.

6.
Cell Chem Biol ; 2024 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39378885

RESUMO

Genomic studies have identified frequent mutations in subunits of the SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose non-fermenting) chromatin remodeling complex including SMARCA4 and ARID1A in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Genetic evidence indicates that the paralog SMARCA2 is synthetic lethal to SMARCA4 suggesting SMARCA2 is a valuable therapeutic target. However, the discovery of selective inhibitors of SMARCA2 has been challenging. Here, we utilized structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies to develop YD23, a potent and selective proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) targeting SMARCA2. Mechanistically, we show that SMARCA2 degradation induces reprogramming of the enhancer landscape in SMARCA4-mutant cells with loss of chromatin accessibility at enhancers of genes involved in cell proliferation. Furthermore, we identified YAP/TEADas key partners to SMARCA2 in driving growth of SMARCA4-mutant cells. Finally, we show that YD23 has potent tumor growth inhibitory activity in SMARCA4-mutant xenografts. These findings provide the mechanistic basis for development of SMARCA2 degraders as synthetic lethal therapeutics against SMARCA4-mutant lung cancers.

7.
FASEB J ; 26(8): 3118-26, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22611083

RESUMO

Insulin resistance is a prominent feature in heart failure, while hyperglycemia impairs cardiac contraction. We propose that decreased insulin-mediated glucose uptake by the heart preserves cardiac function in response to metabolic and hemodynamic stress. To test this hypothesis, we fed rats a high-sucrose diet (HSD). Energy substrate metabolism and cardiac work were determined ex vivo in a sequential protocol simulating metabolic and hemodynamic stress. Compared to chow-fed, control rats, HSD impaired myocardial insulin responsiveness and induced profound metabolic changes in the heart, characterized by reduced rates of glucose uptake (7.91 ± 0.30 vs. 10.73 ± 0.67 µmol/min/g dry weight; P<0.001) but increased rates of glucose oxidation (2.38 ± 0.17 vs. 1.50 ± 0.15 µmol/min/g dry weight; P<0.001) and oleate oxidation (2.29 ± 0.11 vs. 1.96 ± 0.12 µmol/min/g dry weight; P<0.05). Tight coupling of glucose uptake and oxidation and improved cardiac efficiency were associated with a reduction in glucose 6-phosphate and oleoyl-CoA levels, as well as a reduction in the content of uncoupling protein 3. Our results suggest that insulin resistance lessens fuel toxicity in the stressed heart. This calls for a new exploration of the mechanisms regulating substrate uptake and oxidation in the insulin-resistant heart.


Assuntos
Coração/fisiologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia , Animais , Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , Sacarose Alimentar/farmacologia , Regulação para Baixo , Glucose/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Insulina/fisiologia , Canais Iônicos/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Contração Miocárdica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Oleico/metabolismo , Perfusão , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Desacopladora 3
8.
Radiol Case Rep ; 18(10): 3549-3552, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37547794

RESUMO

A 74-year-old man developed a subacute thrombosis with a stent graft occlusion, 4 months after an endovascular aneurysm repair. He presented with lateral lower limb ischemia and presented intermittent claudication. Using an intra-arterial thrombolysis transcatheter infusion and angioplasty. We report successful endovascular and medical treatment. The patient recovered without complications and was discharged.

9.
Vet Med Sci ; 9(3): 1226-1233, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37013377

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: While early detection and early containment are key to controlling the African swine fever (ASF) pandemic, the lack of practical testing methods for use in the field are a major barrier to achieving this feat. OBJECTIVES: To describe the development of a rapid and sensitive point-of-care test (POCT) for ASF, and its evaluation using swine whole blood samples for field settings. METHODS: In total, 89 swine whole blood samples were collected from Vietnamese swine farms and were performed the POCT using a combination of crude DNA extraction and LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) amplification. RESULTS: The POCT enabled crude DNA to be extracted from swine whole blood samples within 10 min at extremely low cost and with relative ease. The entire POCT required a maximum of 50 min from the beginning of DNA extraction to final judgment. Compared to a conventional real-time PCR detection, the POCT showed a 1 log reduction in detection sensitivity, but comparable diagnostic sensitivity of 100% (56/56) and diagnostic specificity of 100% (33/33). The POCT was quicker and easier to perform and did not require special equipment. CONCLUSIONS: This POCT is expected to facilitate early diagnosis and containment of ASF invasion into both regions in which it is endemic and eradicated.


Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Suína Africana , Febre Suína Africana , Doenças dos Suínos , Suínos , Animais , Febre Suína Africana/diagnóstico , Vírus da Febre Suína Africana/genética , Vietnã , DNA Viral , Testes Imediatos
10.
Pathogens ; 12(4)2023 Apr 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37111514

RESUMO

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious swine disease with high mortality. In many countries, culling pigs infected and exposed to the ASF virus is mandatory to control the disease, which poses a real challenge in the disposal of large numbers of carcasses during ASF outbreaks. Shallow burial with carbon (SBC) Thanks ew mortality disposal method developed from deep burial and composting. The present study investigates the effectiveness of SBC in disposing of ASF virus-infected pigs. The real-time PCR results showed that DNA of the ASF virus was still detected in bone marrow samples on day 56, while the virus isolation test revealed that the infectious ASF virus was destroyed in both spleen and bone marrow samples on day 5. Interestingly, decomposition was found to occur rapidly in these shallow burial pits. On day 144, only large bones were found in the burial pit. In general, the results of this study indicated that SBC is a potential method for the disposal of ASF-infected carcasses; however, further studies are needed to provide more scientific evidence for the efficacy of SBC in different environment conditions.

11.
Clin Cancer Res ; 29(19): 4002-4015, 2023 10 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37527013

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) demonstrates durable clinical benefits in a minority of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We aimed to identify the molecular features that determine the response and develop approaches to enhance it. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We investigated the effects of SET domain-containing protein 2 (SETD2) loss on the DNA damage response pathway, the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, the tumor immune microenvironment, and the response to ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) and checkpoint inhibition in RCC. RESULTS: ATR inhibition activated the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, resulting in the concurrent expression of inflammatory cytokines and immune checkpoints. Among the common RCC genotypes, SETD2 loss is associated with preferential ATR activation and sensitizes cells to ATR inhibition. SETD2 knockdown promoted the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway in response to ATR inhibition. Treatment with the ATR inhibitor VE822 concurrently upregulated immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in Setd2 knockdown Renca tumors, providing a rationale for ATR inhibition plus ICB combination therapy. Setd2-deficient Renca tumors demonstrated greater vulnerability to ICB monotherapy or combination therapy with VE822 than Setd2-proficient tumors. Moreover, SETD2 mutations were associated with a higher response rate and prolonged overall survival in patients with ICB-treated RCC but not in patients with non-ICB-treated RCC. CONCLUSIONS: SETD2 loss and ATR inhibition synergize to promote cGAS signaling and enhance immune cell infiltration, providing a mechanistic rationale for the combination of ATR and checkpoint inhibition in patients with RCC with SETD2 mutations.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Dano ao DNA , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Nucleotidiltransferases/genética , Nucleotidiltransferases/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Imunoterapia , DNA , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia , Microambiente Tumoral/genética
12.
bioRxiv ; 2023 Sep 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37786705

RESUMO

Mesenchymal plasticity has been extensively described in advanced and metastatic epithelial cancers; however, its functional role in malignant progression, metastatic dissemination and therapy response is controversial. More importantly, the role of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell plasticity in tumor heterogeneity, clonal selection and clonal evolution is poorly understood. Functionally, our work clarifies the contribution of EMT to malignant progression and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. We leveraged ad hoc somatic mosaic genome engineering, lineage tracing and ablation technologies and dynamic genetic reporters to trace and ablate tumor-specific lineages along the phenotypic spectrum of epithelial to mesenchymal plasticity. The experimental evidences clarify the essential contribution of mesenchymal lineages to pancreatic cancer evolution and metastatic dissemination. Spatial genomic analysis combined with single cell transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of epithelial and mesenchymal lineages reveals that EMT promotes with the emergence of chromosomal instability (CIN). Specifically tumor lineages with mesenchymal features display highly conserved patterns of genomic evolution including complex structural genomic rearrangements and chromotriptic events. Genetic ablation of mesenchymal lineages robustly abolished these mutational processes and evolutionary patterns, as confirmed by cross species analysis of pancreatic and other human epithelial cancers. Mechanistically, we discovered that malignant cells with mesenchymal features display increased chromatin accessibility, particularly in the pericentromeric and centromeric regions, which in turn results in delayed mitosis and catastrophic cell division. Therefore, EMT favors the emergence of high-fitness tumor cells, strongly supporting the concept of a cell-state, lineage-restricted patterns of evolution, where cancer cell sub-clonal speciation is propagated to progenies only through restricted functional compartments. Restraining those evolutionary routes through genetic ablation of clones capable of mesenchymal plasticity and extinction of the derived lineages completely abrogates the malignant potential of one of the most aggressive form of human cancer.

13.
Clin Transl Med ; 13(5): e1267, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37226898

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a highly aggressive cancer in need of new therapeutic strategies. The neddylation pathway can protect cells from DNA damage induced by the platinum-based chemotherapy used in RMC. We investigated if neddylation inhibition with pevonedistat will synergistically enhance antitumour effects of platinum-based chemotherapy in RMC. METHODS: We evaluated the IC50 concentrations of the neddylation-activating enzyme inhibitor pevonedistat in vitro in RMC cell lines. Bliss synergy scores were calculated using growth inhibition assays following treatment with varying concentrations of pevonedistat and carboplatin. Protein expression was assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. The efficacy of pevonedistat alone or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy was evaluated in vivo in platinum-naïve and platinum-experienced patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of RMC. RESULTS: The RMC cell lines demonstrated IC50 concentrations of pevonedistat below the maximum tolerated dose in humans. When combined with carboplatin, pevonedistat demonstrated a significant in vitro synergistic effect. Treatment with carboplatin alone increased nuclear ERCC1 levels used to repair the interstrand crosslinks induced by platinum salts. Conversely, the addition of pevonedistat to carboplatin led to p53 upregulation resulting in FANCD2 suppression and reduced nuclear ERCC1 levels. The addition of pevonedistat to platinum-based chemotherapy significantly inhibited tumour growth in both platinum-naïve and platinum-experienced PDX models of RMC (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that pevonedistat synergises with carboplatin to inhibit RMC cell and tumour growth through inhibition of DNA damage repair. These findings support the development of a clinical trial combining pevonedistat with platinum-based chemotherapy for RMC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Medular , Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Humanos , Carboplatina/farmacologia , Carboplatina/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico
14.
J Biomol Struct Dyn ; : 1-13, 2023 Dec 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38088368

RESUMO

Lichens produce secondary metabolites that have many pharmaceutical activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. However, there is limited research on their efflux pump inhibitory activities. Twelve phytochemicals were isolated from Usnea aciculifera, and their activity of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump inhibition was evaluated. Four potential compounds, which are diffractaic acid (2), 8' -O- methylstictic acid (5), 3-hydroxy-4-(methoxycarbonyl)-2,5-dimethylphenyl 2,4-dimethoxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (8) and 3-hydroxy-4-(methoxycarbonyl)-2,5-dimethylphenyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (9), were found by virtual screening using pharmacophore and 2D-QSAR model. Compound 8 exhibited AcrB inhibition activity in vitro with an accumulation H33342 percentage compared with untreated control of 202% at a concentration of 50 µM and increased the antibacterial activity of levofloxacin by four-fold at a concentration of 200 µM. By molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the binding affinity of depside and depsidone derivatives to AcrB was also clarified. Despite the poor docking score to the AcrB binding site, compound 8 was the most stable among the four complexes at 20 ns of MD simulation. The analysis of long MD at 100 ns indicated that compound 8 interacts strongly with the residues in the distal pocket, creating a stable complex with ΔGbind of -31.51 kcal.mol-1. According to the ADMETlab 2.0 web server's predictions of pharmacokinetics and toxicities, compound 8 has the potential for drug development.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

15.
Nat Cancer ; 4(7): 984-1000, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37365326

RESUMO

Molecular routes to metastatic dissemination are critical determinants of aggressive cancers. Through in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we generated somatic mosaic genetically engineered models that faithfully recapitulate metastatic renal tumors. Disruption of 9p21 locus is an evolutionary driver to systemic disease through the rapid acquisition of complex karyotypes in cancer cells. Cross-species analysis revealed that recurrent patterns of copy number variations, including 21q loss and dysregulation of the interferon pathway, are major drivers of metastatic potential. In vitro and in vivo genomic engineering, leveraging loss-of-function studies, along with a model of partial trisomy of chromosome 21q, demonstrated a dosage-dependent effect of the interferon receptor genes cluster as an adaptive mechanism to deleterious chromosomal instability in metastatic progression. This work provides critical knowledge on drivers of renal cell carcinoma progression and defines the primary role of interferon signaling in constraining the propagation of aneuploid clones in cancer evolution.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA/genética , Instabilidade Cromossômica/genética , Aneuploidia , Neoplasias Renais/genética
16.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) ; 60(9): 1125-33, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22976320

RESUMO

Two new lignans, pseuderesinol (1), pseuderanoside (2) and a new triterpene, pseuderanic acid (3) were isolated from the dried root of Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (SEEM.) GUILL. var. atropurpureum (BULL.) FOSB. (Acanthaceae), together with ten known compounds, including five lignans, (+)-eudesmin (4), (+)-magnolin (5), (+)-syringaresinol (6), (+)-episyringaresinol (7), (+)-1-hydroxysyringaresinol (8) and five triterpenes, squalene (9), oleanolic acid (10), lupeol (11), betulin (12), betulinic acid (13). Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR, computational quantum chemistry, as well as high resolution-electrospray ionization (HR-ESI)-MS spectroscopic analysis. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition and cytotoxic activities against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines were evaluated on some purified compounds at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. Pseuderesinol (1) and magnolin (5) exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against the MCF-7 cancer cell line.


Assuntos
Acanthaceae/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Lignanas/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lignanas/química , Lignanas/isolamento & purificação , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/isolamento & purificação
17.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 69(5): e3036-e3044, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35830975

RESUMO

African swine fever (ASF) has been considered as one of the most important and devastating swine diseases with high mortality rates. Since effective vaccines and treatment are not available, mass euthanasia of infected and exposed pigs has been known to be the best measure to control ASF. Although composting has been proved to be a safe method for the rapid disposal of animal carcasses during outbreaks, there is no information about the effect of composting on the viability of ASF virus in swine carcasses. This study investigates the survival of the ASF virus in swine carcasses during composting. The findings suggested that the DNA of the ASF virus was detected in all samples tested. On the contrary, infectious ASF virus particles were rapidly destroyed at day 3.


Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Suína Africana , Febre Suína Africana , Compostagem , Doenças dos Suínos , Vacinas , Vírus da Febre Suína Africana/genética , Animais , Surtos de Doenças , Sus scrofa , Suínos
18.
Vet World ; 14(7): 1894-1900, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34475714

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Alternative natural materials to antibiotics for improving digestive health and growth performance are needed due to strengthening regulations related to the use of antibiotic growth promoters. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants mixture (60% Bidens pilosa L., 15% Urena lobata L., 15% Pseuderanthemum palatiferum, 5% Ramulus cinnamomi, and 5% Star anise) as alternative growth promotors on animal health, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and growth performance of growing pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted, from April 2020 to June 2020, at a private pig production farm located in Cam Giang district Hai Duong Province, Vietnam. Forty-eight 10-week-old crossbred (♂Duroc×♀ [Landrace×Yorkshire]) pigs, average initial body weight 30.3±1.42 kg, were randomly allocated to four dietary groups, three replicate pens per experimental group, with 4 pigs/pen. For 7 weeks, the pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with the mixture at levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 g/kg of feed. RESULTS: Final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, as well as apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and gross energy were not significantly influenced by the diets (p>0.05). Inclusion of the plant mixture decreased significantly red blood cell count, blood cholesterol, urea nitrogen, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations (p<0.05) compared with the control diet. No diet effect was observed on fecal Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., and total bacteria counts. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of the plant mixture into the diet of growing pigs reduced serum cholesterol, LDL, and urea concentrations with no adverse effect on performance and nutrient digestibility.

19.
Chemosphere ; 285: 131429, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34252805

RESUMO

Photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) generation derived by water has been considered as a renewable energy to solve environmental problems and global energy crises. Thus, it is necessary to explore the most effective photocatalysts by using multi-cocatalysts, due to an intimate interaction between different components. Therefore, we already synthesized the TiO2/Ti3C2/g-C3N4 (TTC) photocatalyst from g-C3N4 and Ti3C2 MXene via a calcination technique, and applied this composite for H2 evolution. By making use of titanium atom from Ti3C2 MXene, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was in-body developed, which leads to form a close heterostructure between metallic material and semiconductors. Besides, g-C3N4 amorphous with highly surface area also contributes to harvest light irradiation during photocatalytic activity. The optimized TTC-450 heterostructure showed a super H2 generation efficiency than those of pure g-C3N4 and other samples. Besides, TTC-450 sample also exhibited great recyclability after 4 runs. The proposed mechanism illustrates the efficient movement of generated electrons in TTC system, which leads to high H2 evolution efficiency. Moreover, the obtained results consistently emphasize the TiO2/Ti3C2/g-C3N4 composite would be a unique material for H2 production and broaden applications of MXene materials.


Assuntos
Hidrogênio , Titânio , Catálise
20.
Andrology ; 9(5): 1603-1616, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33960147

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cancer treatment of prepubertal patients impacts future fertility due to the abolition of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). In macaques, spermatogenesis could be regenerated by intratesticular transplantation of SSCs, but no studies have involved cytotoxic treatment before puberty and transplantation after puberty, which would be the most likely clinical scenario. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate donor-derived functional sperm production after SSC transplantation to adult monkeys that had received testicular irradiation during the prepubertal period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained prepubertal testis tissue by unilaterally castrating six prepubertal monkeys and 2 weeks later irradiated the remaining testes with 6.9 Gy. However, because spermatogenic recovery was observed, we irradiated them again 14 months later with 7 Gy. Three of the monkeys were treated with GnRH-antagonist (GnRH-ant) for 8 weeks. The cryopreserved testis cells from the castrated testes were then allogeneically transplanted into the intact testes of all monkeys. Tissues were harvested 10 months later for analyses. RESULTS: In three of the six monkeys, 61%, 38%, and 11% of the epididymal sperm DNA were of the donor genotype. The ability to recover donor-derived sperm production was not enhanced by the GnRH-ant pretreatment. However, the extent of filling seminiferous tubules during the transplantation procedure was correlated with the eventual production of donor spermatozoa. The donor epididymal spermatozoa from the recipient with 61% donor contribution were capable of fertilizing rhesus eggs and forming embryos. Although the transplantation was done into the rete testis, two GnRH-ant-treated monkeys, which did not produce donor-derived epididymal spermatozoa, displayed irregular tubular cords in the interstitium containing testicular spermatozoa derived from the transplanted donor cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results further support that sperm production can be restored in non-human primates from tissues cryopreserved prior to prepubertal and post-pubertal gonadotoxic treatment by transplantation of these testicular cells after puberty into seminiferous tubules.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Germinativas Adultas/transplante , Puberdade/efeitos da radiação , Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/terapia , Espermatogênese/efeitos da radiação , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Animais , Criopreservação , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Antagonistas de Hormônios/administração & dosagem , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/fisiopatologia , Túbulos Seminíferos , Espermatozoides/efeitos da radiação , Testículo/fisiopatologia , Testículo/efeitos da radiação
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