RESUMO
It has long been speculated that porcine cathelin is an N-terminal fragment of a longer precursor protein which possesses antimicrobial activity. In an attempt to find such a precursor, a cDNA clone was recently isolated and sequenced by screening a cDNA library from porcine bone marrow. In order to identify the functional activity of the putative protein encoded by an open reading frame, we have synthesized various lengths of peptides that correspond to the C-terminal region of the protein and examined them for their antimicrobial activities. We found that a 13 amino acid tryptophan-rich region with the sequence of VRRFPWWWPFLRR had strong antimicrobial activity with a wide spectrum. It showed potency against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis, and Streptococcus group D as well as Aspergillus fumigatus. The action of this peptide is bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic and this activity is completely inhibited by 2 mM MgCl2. Our results indicate that the previously identified putative precursor encoded by the isolated cDNA indeed possesses a potent antimicrobial activity and that this 13 amino acid synthetic peptide is considered to be a potentially effective drug against various infectious agents.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Proteínas/química , Proteínas/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Antibacterianos , Aspergillus fumigatus/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea , Cálcio/farmacologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , DNA Complementar , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Biblioteca Gênica , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloreto de Magnésio/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Precursores de Proteínas/química , Precursores de Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteus mirabilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Suínos , TriptofanoRESUMO
This study compared the bronchodilator effect in experimental canine asthma of dyphylline administered by aerosol and intravenous routes in doses producing equivalent concentrations of the drug in the plasma. Pulmonary resistance (RL) was calculated from simultaneous measurements of pressure and flow during fixed-volume controlled ventilation at the same peak flow and corrected for elastic recoil pressure. Dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was calculated by dividing tidal volume by the change in pressure measured between points of zero flow. Concentrations of dyphylline in the plasma were measured using high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Rates of infusion of dyphylline were determined from values for clearance observed in preliminary experiments with intravenous injection. Prior to exposure to antigen, RL and Cdyn were not significantly different in control and dyphylline-treated dogs. Following challenge, with antigen RL increased by 8.3 +/- 2.6 times (mean +/- SE) in untreated dogs but only by 2.4 +/- 0.4 times in dyphylline treated dogs. Levels of dyphylline in the plasma averaged 4.2 micrograms/ml +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml at the end of the ten-minute period of aerosol administration and remained at that level for 60 minutes. At equivalent plasma levels (4.3 micrograms/ml +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml), infusion of dyphylline did not significantly after the response to Ascaris antigen, whereas dyphylline administered by the aerosol route markedly attenuated the response.
Assuntos
Aerossóis , Antígenos/imunologia , Ascaris/imunologia , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Broncopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Difilina/administração & dosagem , Teofilina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Broncopatias/imunologia , Constrição Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Constrição Patológica/imunologia , CãesRESUMO
One hundred forty-one patients were prospectively enrolled in a study of contact-tip laser bullectomy at four institutions. Ninety-one have had both preoperative and postoperative testing at 3 months. Nonsmoking patients with disabling dyspnea at less than 50 yards and with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 35% or less were enrolled. Testing included formal pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gasses, computed tomographic scans, ventilation/perfusion scans, echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, 6-minute walk testing, transdiaphragmatic pressures, and quality of life and dyspnea index questionnaires. A modest 16% improvement was noted in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (0.69 to 0.80 L), and there was a 29% improvement in 6-minute walk distances (655.2 to 846.3 feet). Oxygen use was completely discontinued in 16%. Risk factors for mortality included age, 6-minute walk distances, low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, high carbon dioxide tension, and high base excess. Minor improvement was judged from the dyspnea index and the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36. Preoperative predictors of good outcome included heterogeneous disease, lack of carbon dioxide retention, and no emaciation (weight < 40 kg). Comparison of our results with those in the literature suggests that the improvement seen with the contact neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser is not as good as that provided by the stapled techniques for volume reduction.
Assuntos
Endoscopia , Terapia a Laser , Pneumopatias/cirurgia , Toracoscopia , Desequilíbrio Ácido-Base/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Vesícula/cirurgia , Dióxido de Carbono/sangue , Monóxido de Carbono , Dispneia/cirurgia , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Teste de Esforço , Seguimentos , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/sangue , Oxigenoterapia , Pressão , Estudos Prospectivos , Capacidade de Difusão Pulmonar , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Risco , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Relação Ventilação-PerfusãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lung volume reduction operations have proved beneficial for emphysematous patients, but questions remain about the role of a unilateral procedure. METHODS: Fifty patients were prospectively enrolled in a lung volume reduction surgery program for emphysema with staged unilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic procedures (VATS group). These patients were compared with 29 patients having bilateral lung volume reduction procedures by median sternotomy. RESULTS: The VATS group was slightly older and had shorter 6-minute walk distances, but otherwise the two groups were similar. Hospital stays were shorter for each unilateral VATS procedure, but the total of the two hospital stays was longer than the stay for the sternotomy group (21.1 versus 14.8 days). Complications were comparable, there were no in-hospital deaths, and there was significant difference in the 1-year mortality rate (VATS, 6% versus sternotomy, 13.8%; p = 0.137). Functional test results were comparable between the groups with improvements in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (VATS, 41%, and sternotomy, 40%), 6-minute walk distances (VATS, 48%, and sternotomy, 26%), dyspnea scores, and acid base measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Staged lung volume reduction operations do not appear to offer any measurable advantages over a single hospitalization and bilateral lung volume reduction procedures.
Assuntos
Endoscopia , Pneumonectomia/métodos , Enfisema Pulmonar/cirurgia , Esterno/cirurgia , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Endoscopia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Toracoscopia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Surgical procedures for emphysema have been proposed and in many settings resulted in significant improvement in dyspnea and function. The most prevalent surgical problem in all series is prolonged postoperative air leak. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three patients undergoing stapled thoracoscopic unilateral lung volume reduction operation were prospectively randomized to receive either no buttressing of their staple lines or buttressing of all staple lines with bovine pericardial strips. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable in preoperative risks and in the severity of their emphysema. Postoperative complications were identical in the two groups with respect to pneumonia, empyema, and wound infection; however, there was a significant difference in the duration of postoperative air leaks. Those having the pericardial strips used to buttress their staple lines had chest tubes removed 2.5 days sooner and were discharged from the hospital 2.8 days sooner as a result. The cost data revealed that because of the cost of the pericardial sleeves, the overall hospital charges were almost identical for the two groups ($22,108 bovine, $22,060 no bovine) in spite of the shortened hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The use of bovine pericardial sleeves to buttress the staple lines in thoracoscopic unilateral lung volume reduction operation results in a shorter duration of postoperative air leaks. Total hospital charges were comparable in the two groups as the 2.8 days saved in the hospital were offset by the cost of the pericardial sleeves.
Assuntos
Pulmão/cirurgia , Pericárdio/transplante , Grampeamento Cirúrgico/métodos , Toracoscopia/métodos , Idoso , Animais , Bovinos , Endoscopia/métodos , Feminino , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/economia , Medidas de Volume Pulmonar , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Toracoscopia/economia , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
The recently discovered human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is being associated with an increasing number of conditions in which there is evidence of immunologic dysfunction. A number of widely available antiviral agents have shown little or no activity against the virus. We found that Kutapressin (KU), a drug that has been available to practicing physicians for over 50 years, has potent, previously unexpected antiviral effects. Cells known to allow replication of HHV-6 were infected with the virus, under various conditions. Either pretreatment of the cells prior to infection or treatment shortly after infection, inhibited viral replication by > 90%. Indirect evidence suggests that KU may inhibit viral attachment to cellular receptors, and inhibit intracellular maturation of the virus. Given these in vitro findings, and the low frequency of toxicity reported with the use of KU, clinical trials of this drug in patients with evidence of reactivated HHV-6 infection would seem to be warranted.
Assuntos
Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Herpesvirus Humano 6/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Hepáticos/farmacologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular , Herpesvirus Humano 6/fisiologia , Humanos , Suínos , Linfócitos T/virologia , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Kutapressin (KU), a porcine liver extract with bradykinin-potentiating effects but no vitamin B 12 activity, has been used in the treatment of Herpes zoster. We examined a phenol-free preparation of this drug for in vitro activity against Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immortalization-inhibition assays were used to assess EBV infectivity. Mitogen stimulation and cell viability assays were used to assess kutapression toxicity. Lytic replication assays and flow cytometry were used to assess the mechanism of drug activity. RESULTS: Seventy-five hundred mcg/ml of KU blocked the infection of 2 x 10(5) human umbilical cord mononuclear cells when added together with two strains of EBV (B95-8 and FF41). Doses as low as 250 mcg/ml were occasionally effective as well. Unlike acyclovir, KU does not inhibit viral DNA polymerase nor does it appear to compete with EBV as it binds to its receptor on the B-cell surface. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism whereby KU may inhibit EBV immortalization remains to be determined. KU, a drug which is safe in humans, deserves further study as an agent with potential to block EBV-induced immortalization of B-lymphocytes.
Assuntos
Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Linfoma de Burkitt/tratamento farmacológico , Herpesvirus Humano 4/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Hepáticos/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antivirais/toxicidade , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Extratos Hepáticos/toxicidade , Peptídeos/toxicidade , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
A five-year update of a previous 20-year study of adolescent pregnancy is presented. For the 25-year period, data were collected on 2,789 adolescents. Prematurity and low birth weight infants continue to have a high incidence in adolescent pregnancy. This study found that there has been a significant decrease in preeclampsia and toxemia of pregnancy and a large increase in the incidence of cesarean section.
Assuntos
Gravidez na Adolescência , Adolescente , Peso ao Nascer , Cesárea , Parto Obstétrico/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Gravidez , Complicações na GravidezRESUMO
Methods for obtaining an exact least squares fit of the one and two compartment models have not been previously described. The multi compartment polyexponential pharmacokinetic models have classically been fit to data using nonlinear regression programs such as NonLin (Metzler, 1969). The two compartment open model, for example, can be fit to least squares regression with equation 1 by iteratively varying A, alpha, B, and beta. Y = Ae(-alpha t) + Be(-beta t).
Assuntos
Metadona/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/metabolismo , Ácido Valproico/metabolismo , Animais , Computadores , Meia-Vida , Cinética , CoelhosRESUMO
Twenty-seven firemen were divided into three groups. Group a performed one hour of unsupervised exercise three to four times per week. Group C performed similar but supervised exercise, and group B had no exercise program. After 12 weeks group A showed an average increase of 19% in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max); group C, an average increase of 20%; and group B, an average decrease of 2%. One-minute postalarm heart rates showed a correlation with VO2 max (p = 15). A serious cardiac arrhythmia was found in the oldest fireman. Careful physical screening followed by an on-the-job exercise program increases aerobic reserve. We suggest that postalarm tachycardia is dampened. This may lessen the risk of heart disease occurring in the postalarm period.
Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/prevenção & controle , Frequência Cardíaca , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Aptidão Física , Adulto , Incêndios , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio/fisiologia , RespiraçãoRESUMO
The CorA transport system is the primary Mg2+ influx system of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. The CorA protein has no homology to any other known family of proteins. It has an unusual membrane topology, with a large, soluble, highly charged periplasmic N-terminal domain with three transmembrane segments in a shorter, hydrophobic C-terminal domain. Previous phenotypic and molecular data had suggested that this transport system was widespread in the Bacteria. In this report we show that CorA is virtually ubiquitous in the Bacteria and Archaea, forming a distinct family of transport proteins. Genomic sequences to date have revealed at least 22 members of the CorA family in the Bacteria and the Archaea, with 6 more distant members in the yeasts. Only three of the smallest bacterial genomes lack a CorA homologue. Strikingly, phylogenetic analysis does not show clustering by related species or even within kingdom. Several species of Bacteria contain two or even three CorA paralogues. Within species, these paralogues are not closely related, however, and we suggest that they might have distinct transport functions. A multiple alignment suggests three extended consensus regions within the N-terminal soluble domain of CorA, which is predicted to be virtually all alpha-helical. A fourth consensus region includes the last 20 residues of the soluble domain and continues through the entire membrane domain. The first half of this last consensus domain may form an amphipathic alpha-helix that extends from the soluble domain into the first transmembrane segment. The degree of charge in the first transmembrane segment is quite variable, and we suggest that this transport family may include members with only two rather than three transmembrane segments. If so, this would place the N-terminal soluble domain on different sides of the membrane in different members of the family. We suggest that the CorA Mg2+ transport system forms the major Mg2+ uptake system in the Bacteria and Archaea but that some family members may have a function other than Mg2+ transport.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte/classificação , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas Arqueais/classificação , Proteínas Arqueais/genética , Proteínas Arqueais/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/classificação , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico Ativo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Sequência Consenso/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/classificação , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Magnésio/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
The concentration profile of valproic acid (VPA) in bile-exteriorized rats given an i.v. bolus of 15 mg sodium valproate (NaVPA) per kg has been previously shown to exhibit a limited distribution phase and first-order elimination kinetics (two-compartment open model). At a higher dose of 150 mg NaVPA/kg, the initial elimination was non-linear (capacity-limited). Using an 'iterative modified Euler integration technique,' the results have been fitted to a pharmacokinetic model which allows for both two-compartment redistribution of drug as well as saturable Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. A combined pharmacokinetic model of this type has not been previously described.
Assuntos
Bile/fisiologia , Ácido Valproico/metabolismo , Animais , Computadores , Injeções Intravenosas , Cinética , Masculino , Matemática , Modelos Biológicos , Ratos , Fatores de Tempo , Ácido Valproico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Valproico/sangueRESUMO
The pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of intravenously administered 7-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) theophylline (dyphylline), were studied in a 37-yr-old asthmatic woman with ethylene diamine sensitivity who manifested intolerance to intravenous aminophylline on three separate occasions. In this subject, intravenously administered dyphylline was tolerated very well and was effective in the subsequent management of acute bronchospastic episodes. Dyphylline was significantly concentrated in the urine. This, coupled with its rapid clearance, suggests potential clinical application in patients with hepatic dysfunction. Though aminophylline sensitivity is rare, ethylene diamine sensitivity should be considered in untoward reactions to this drug.
Assuntos
Aminofilina/efeitos adversos , Difilina/uso terapêutico , Teofilina/análogos & derivados , Teofilina/metabolismo , Adulto , Aminofilina/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Difilina/metabolismo , Difilina/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , CinéticaRESUMO
We have chemically synthesized tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) with 38 amino acids and examined efficacy of the peptide on various organisms. The synthetic peptide showed potent bactericidal effect on both gram positive and negative bacteria. The action of bactericidal effect was relatively quick and 99.9% of E. coli cells were killed within 90 minutes at a concentration of 2.5 micrograms/ml of TAP. The peptide also showed antifungal activity against both mycelia (Aspergillus fumigatus) and yeast (Candida albicans) forms of fungi. Our domain analysis with a series of synthetic peptides of various lengths indicates that 17 amino acid residues of the C-terminal end is the minimum functional domain of the bactericidal activity.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/síntese química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/síntese química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Peptídeos/síntese química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Antibacterianos , Aspergillus fumigatus/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
We have synthesized a C-terminal portion of tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) with 38 amino acids and tested it for efficacy on various clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from patients with cystic fibrosis and also on Aspergillus fumigatus. Our results indicate that the synthetic TAP has both potent bactericidal and fungicidal activities and that a combination of TAP and amphotericin B showed strong additive effects of growth inhibition on A fumigatus. These results suggest that TAP is potentially an effective therapy for Aspergillus and multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas, pathogens that are often a serious threat to patients with cystic fibrosis.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Aspergillus fumigatus/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos , Anti-Infecciosos/síntese química , Aspergillus fumigatus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fibrose Cística/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/síntese química , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Peptídeos/síntese química , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologiaRESUMO
1. The growth inhibitory factor (GIF) is a 68-amino acid protein which is capable of inhibiting the growth of neuronal cells in vitro. 2. We have cloned and sequenced the 5'-flanking region of the mouse GIF gene, which spans from the transcriptional initiation site to the -1854 nucleotide. 3. This region contains sequences homologous to hgcs, SPE, and the JCV silencer domain that functions in a glial cell specific manner. This region also contains two metal responding elements and putative binding sites for AP-1, AP-2, Sp-1, SP-2, NF-1, and CREB. 4. An analysis of the reporter plasmids containing the various regions of the 5'-flanking sequence revealed that the region indeed functioned in a tissue-specific manner in glial cells and that the region between -328 and 175 is responsible for suppression, while the region between -175 and -49 is involved in the activation of gene expression.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/biossíntese , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Neuroglia/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico , Células 3T3 , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Células Cultivadas , Clonagem Molecular , Biblioteca Genômica , Glioma , Inibidores do Crescimento/biossíntese , Inibidores do Crescimento/genética , Metalotioneína 3 , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Ratos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/biossíntese , Transcrição Gênica , Transfecção , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Dihydroxypropyl theophylline (dyphylline) was administered by aerosol in a single dose of 250 mg aerosolized over five minutes to two asthmatic volunteers and in a single dose of 375 mg aerosolized over ten minutes to two other asthmatic volunteers. Serial spirometry was then performed. Marked bronchospasm occurred within ten minutes in two of the subjects, and developed more slowly in another. One subject demonstrated no significant change. Aerosolized dyphylline solution was not an effective bronchodilator, using the methods described in this study.
Assuntos
Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Espasmo Brônquico/induzido quimicamente , Broncodilatadores/efeitos adversos , Difilina/efeitos adversos , Teofilina/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Aerossóis , Idoso , Asma/diagnóstico , Broncodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Difilina/administração & dosagem , Difilina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , MasculinoRESUMO
Chronic indwelling catheters in the maternal femoral artery and vein, fetal carotid artery and jugular vein, and amniotic cavity of a pregnant rhesus monkey permitted administration of sodium valproate (NaVPA) and collection of timed samples of maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid. After a single IV dose (50 mg/kg) to the mother, a rapid distribution phase (t1/2 alpha = 0.5 minute) was followed by a biphasic decline in concentration in maternal blood (t1/2 beta = 31 minutes, t1/2 gamma = 390 minutes). VPA appeared rapidly in fetal blood, reached a concentration slightly higher than in maternal blood by 15 minutes, and thereafter declined in parallel with the concentration in maternal blood. Terminal fetal/maternal ratios of blood concentration of VPA were about 1.3. Similar patterns of decline were observed after NaVPA was given IV to the fetus. A multicompartment first-order materno-fetal pharmacokinetic model is presented. Tissue distribution studies in the fetus showed that VPA concentration was highest in blood; moderate in heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and skeletal muscle; and low in brain.
Assuntos
Feto/metabolismo , Troca Materno-Fetal , Ácido Valproico/metabolismo , Líquido Amniótico/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Cinética , Macaca mulatta , Gravidez , Ligação Proteica , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
A polyhydroxy alkaloid has been isolated from the seeds of the African legume Angylocalyx pynaertii and identified as a 2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methylpyrrolidine by ms and 1H- and 13C-nmr spectroscopy. The absolute stereochemistry was established, by a stereochemically unambiguous synthesis from diacetone glucose, as 2,5-imino-1,2,5-trideoxy-D-mannitol, which may also be regarded as 2R,5R-dihydroxymethyl-3R,4R-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) [2] in which a hydroxymethyl group is deoxygenated, i.e., 6-deoxy-DMDP [1]. Whereas the structurally related polyhydroxypyrrolidine alkaloids which have previously been discovered are inhibitors of alpha- and beta-glucosidase, 6-deoxy-DMDP is unique in inhibiting beta-mannosidase. In addition to this novel alkaloid and 2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine [3], previously shown to be present in several Angylocalyx species, the known piperidine alkaloids deoxymannojirimycin [4] and fagomine [5] were identified for the first time as constituents of An. pynaertii seeds.