RESUMO
Thyroid cancer is an uncommon cancer. Molecular biology plays a vital role in its development. Chemotherapy showed unsatisfactory results in advanced stages where surgery and iodine therapy are not appropriate. These last ten years have been marked by a major advance in understanding the molecular features of this cancer and therapeutic correlations, moreover, clinical trials have focused on the treatment of this disease on metastatic stages and led to a significant therapeutic panel targeting angiogenesis, mutations frequently found in cervical cancer: RET, BRAF, RAS... these are the motesanib, axitinib, sunitinib, pazopanib, vandetanib, cabozotinib and sorafenib. The last three molecules have already the autorisation of FDA and EMA. In this review, we will put the item on oncogenetic characteristics of thyroid carcinoma as well as new targeted therapies in patients refractory to conventional treatment.
Assuntos
Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Medicina de Precisão/tendências , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/terapia , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Humanos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/tendências , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-ret/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-ret/genética , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/genéticaRESUMO
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide owing to its advanced-stage at the time of diagnosis. The majority of patients will require a second-line therapy after progression during first-line treatment. While treatment for NSCLC with EGFR mutation or EML4/ALK fusion, target therapy is the favored second-line therapy if not already used in first-line therapy, NSCLC with EGFR wild-type remains an unmet need and many oncologists favor cytotoxic therapy. Recently, a better understanding of lung cancer biology, with a better selection of patients based on histology, molecular biology and the identification of potential target antigens in the immune system have significantly improved patient outcome. This article will provide an update on different treatment options available for patients with EGFR wild-type advanced NSCLC who relapse after first-line therapy, which includes essentially ramucirumab, vandetanib, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab and considerations that may allow clinicians to a better choice of agent for second-line therapy.