A Scoping Review on Carotenoid Profiling in Passiflora spp.: A Vast Avenue for Expanding the Knowledge on the Species.

The Passiflora genus is recognised for its ethnopharmacological, sensorial, and nutritional significance. Yet, the screening of its dietary and bioactive molecules has mainly targeted hydrophilic metabolites. Following the PRISMA-P protocol, this review assessed the current knowledge on carotenoid composition and analysis within Passiflora, examining 968 records from seven databases and including 17 studies focusing on carotenoid separation and identification in plant parts. Those publications originated in America and Asia. P. edulis was the most frequently examined species of a total of ten, while pulp was the most studied plant part (16 studies). Carotenoid analysis involved primarily high-performance liquid chromatography separation on C18 columns and detection using diode array detectors (64.71%). Most studies identified the provitamin A ß-carotene and xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin, with their geometric configuration often neglected. Only one study described carotenoid esters. Besides the methodology's insufficient description, the lack of use of more accurate techniques and practices led to a high risk of bias in the carotenoid assignment in 17.65% of the articles. This review highlights the opportunity to broaden carotenoid studies to other species and parts within the diverse Passiflora genus, especially to wild, locally available fruits, which may have a strategic role in enhancing food diversity and security amidst climatic changes. Additionally, it urges the use of more accurate and efficient analytical methods based on green chemistry to better identify Passiflora carotenoids.

High-intensity functional training with an adequate and carbohydrate restricted hypocaloric diet promotes weight loss and cardiometabolic improvements

INTRODUCTION: Excess body weight and its comorbidities represent a major public health issue. Interventions based on diet and exercise have not only been shown to promote weight loss, but also improve overall health, including cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week hypocaloric low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet coupled with high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on the cardiometabolic risk of overweight adults. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial. A total of 31 overweight adults participated in this study, divided into two groups based on the dietary intervention: reduced-CHO (R-CHO, ≤130 g/day; n=15) and adequate-CHO (A-CHO, >130 g/day; n=16). The cardiometabolic risk was assessed using lipidaemic, insulinemia, and glycaemic parameters. A two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was utilized to evaluate the effects of the intervention. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Participants from both groups displayed decreased low-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerol concentrations, as well as the number of risk factors for the metabolic disease after 12 weeks. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration of both groups increased after 12 weeks, however, the result of the intragroup analysis revealed that a significant increase was only observed in the participants from the A-CHO group. CONCLUSION: Reduced or adequate CHO intake was both found to be effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk. However, improvements in HDL and final cardiometabolic classification risk indicated that CHO adequacy in the diet might be a better strategy associated with caloric restriction and HIFT.

Eating habits and body image among gym goers / Hábitos alimentares e imagem corporal entre frequentadores de academias

Although regular exercise is widely recommended to promote health and improvement quality of life, young people commonly report exercising primarily for weight control and for reasons related to their physical appearance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the degree of body satisfaction and its association with eating habits of individuals exercising in gymnasiums. This was a cross-sectional study involving 432 adolescents and young adults (men = 39.8%, women = 60.2%). A body self-perception questionnaire and a silhouetted scale was used to evaluate body image, as well as a food consumption questionnaire, whose score was calculated using the formula: Eating score = (total of points obtained ÷ maximum of possible points according to the number of items filled out) x 100. The scoring scale ranges from 0 to 100 and the higher the score the greater the inadequacy of eating habits. The chi-squared test was used to analyze the association between the degree of body satisfaction and the ingestion of the food groups, a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. The total prevalence of body dissatisfaction was 75.7% with no significant difference between the sexes. Men were more "dissatisfied with thinness" (58.2%), while women were more "dissatisfied with excess weight" (46.5%). The individuals who were "satisfied" with their body image had a lower score in the food consumption questionnaire (46.96 points) compared to "dissatisfied" individuals (p<0.05) and, therefore, the "satisfied" individuals consumed a higher frequency of vegetable and fruit groups (p <0.05). The association between body dissatisfaction and food groups revealed that people who were "unsatisfied by thinness" had a higher frequency of consumption of processed products, soft drinks and eggs, while those who were "dissatisfied with excess weight" had a higher frequency of consumption of sweets and candies. In this study, a high prevalence of body dissatisfaction among young individuals attending gymnasiums was observed, which was associated with a higher frequency of an inadequate diet

Embora o exercício físico regular seja amplamente recomendado para promover saúde e melhorias na qualidade de vida, pessoas jovens comumente relatam se exercitar principalmente para controle de peso e por motivos relacionados à sua aparência física. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o grau de satisfação corporal e sua associação com hábitos alimentares de indivíduos que se exercitam em academias de ginástica. Trata-se de um estudo transversal contendo 432 adolescentes e adultos jovens (homens = 39,8%, mulheres = 60,2%). Aplicou-se um questionário de autopercepção corporal e escala de silhuetas para avaliar a imagem corporal, e questionário de consumo alimentar, cuja pontuação foi calculada por meio da fórmula: Escore alimentar = (total de pontos obtidos ÷ máximo de pontos possíveis de acordo com o número de itens preenchidos) x 100. A escala de pontuação varia de 0 a 100 e quanto maior a pontuação maior a inadequação dos hábitos alimentares. O teste do qui-quadrado foi empregado para analisar a associação entre o grau de satisfação corporal e a ingestão dos grupos alimentares, valor de p <0,05 foi considerado significante. A prevalência total de insatisfação corporal foi de 75,7% sem diferença significante entre os sexos. Os homens mostram-se mais "insatisfeitos pela magreza" (58,2%), enquanto as mulheres estavam mais "insatisfeitas pelo excesso de peso" (46,5%). Os indivíduos "satisfeitos" com sua imagem corporal apresentaram menor pontuação no questionário de consumo alimentar (46,96 pontos) em comparação aos "insatisfeitos" (p <0,05) e, portanto, os "satisfeitos" apresentaram maior frequência de ingestão dos grupos dos vegetais, legumes e frutas (p <0,05). A associação entre a insatisfação corporal e os grupos alimentares revelou que pessoas "insatisfeitas pela magreza" apresentaram maior frequência de consumo de produtos industrializados, refrigerantes e ovos, enquanto que os "insatisfeitos pelo excesso de peso" possuíram maior frequência de consumo de doces e balas. Observou-se neste estudo alta prevalência de insatisfação corporal entre indivíduos jovens que frequentam academias de ginástica, a qual esteve associada à maior frequência de inadequação alimentar

Conocimiento sobre alimentación y nutrición después del desarrollo de actividades de educación alimentaria entre niños y adolescentes deportistas / Nutritional knowledge after conducting nutritional aducation activities between children and adolescents sportspeople / Conhecimento sobre alimentação e nutrição após o desenvolvimento de atividades de educação alimentar entre crianças e adolescentes esportistas

Evaluar el efecto de actividades de educación alimentaria en el conocimiento sobre nutrición básica y deportiva en niños y adolescentes deportistas. Métodos: participaron sujetos de ambos géneros, entre 9 y 19 años. Una muestra de 64 sujetos contestó al cuestionario antes del desarrollo de la intervención y los 27 sujetos que participaron de todas las actividades, volvieron a contestar al cuestionario después del desarrollo de la intervención. Para la evaluación de los cambios en su conocimiento sobre nutrición se aplicó el test de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Después de la intervención se observó un incremento significativo (p<0,05) en el porcentaje de aciertos para todos los temas del cuestionario (General, Nutrición Básica, Pirámide Alimentaria y Alimentación Deportiva).

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of food education activities on the basic and sports nutrition knowledge among young sportspeople. Methods: subjects of both genders, with ages between 9 and 19 years. To assess the nutrition knowledge, 64 subjects answered a questionnaire before the development of nutrition education activities. After the intervention, 27 subjects, who attended to all of the meetings, answered the same questionnaire. To assess the increase on their nutritional knowledge after the intervention the Wilcoxon test were used. Results: After the intervention, there was a significant increase in the percentage of correct answers (p<0.05) in all of questionnaire themes (General, Basic Nutrition, Food Pyramid and Sports Nutrition).

Avaliar o efeito de atividades de educação alimentar no conhecimento sobre nutrição básica e esportiva de crianças e adolescentes esportistas. Metodologia: participaram indivíduos de ambos gêneros, entre 9 e 19 anos. Uma amostra de 64 indivíduos respondeu ao questionário na fase pré-intervenção destes, 27 indivíduos participaram de todas as atividades e responderam ao questionário de conhecimento em nutrição após o protocolo de intervenção. Aplicou-se o teste de Wilcoxon para avaliação da mudança. Resultados: Após a intervenção, observou-se um aumento significativo (p<0,05) no percentual de acertos em todos os temas do questionário (Geral, Nutrição Básica, Pirâmide alimentar e Alimentação esportiva).

Balanço energético e composição corporal entre atletas escolares / Energy balance and body composition in student athletes / Balance energético y composición corporal de atletas escolares

Objetivo: Relacionar a composição corporal e o balanço energético de atletas escolares. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu entre os anos de 2010 e 2012. A amostra constituída por 134 adolescentes de 10 a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, praticantes de cinco modalidades distintas: judô, natação, tênis, ginástica rítmica e ginástica artística. As dobras cutâneas foram utilizadas como método para avaliação da composição corporal e o balanço energético (BE) foi calculado a partir da subtração do valor energético total consumido (VET) pelo valor das necessidades energéticas estimadas (NEE). Os procedimentos estatísticos foram realizados no programa SPSS 19.0. Utilizouse o teste t de Student para a comparação dos dados entre sexos e as correlações foram realizadas pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Valores de p≤0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: Os mais velhos de ambos os sexos apresentaram maiores valores de circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e percentual de gordura (%G). Foi possível perceber uma correlação negativa e significativa entre BE e %G para o sexo masculino e uma correlação positiva, porém sem significância no sexo feminino. Observou-se também, que a maioria (51,1%) dos participantes apresentou balanço energético positivo. Conclusão: Um balanço energético positivo foi encontrado na maioria dos adolescentes avaliados e esse dado se correlacionou negativamente com a composição corporal apenas nos meninos. No entanto, no sexo feminino, não foi observada correlação entre essas variáveis.

Objective: To relate the energy balance and the body composition of student athletes. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study, whose data was collected between the years 2010 and 2012. The sample consisted of 134 male and female adolescents, aged 10 to 18 years, engaged in any of five distinct activities: judo, swimming, tennis, rhythmic gymnastics and artistic gymnastics. The skinfolds were used as method for assessing body composition and the energy balance (EB) was calculated by subtracting the total energy intake (TEI) from the value of their estimated energy needs (EEN). All statistical procedures were performed using SPSS 19.0. Student's t-test was used to compare data between genders, and the correlations were performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. Results: The older individuals in both genders showed higher values of mid-upper arm circumference (MAC) and body fat percentage (BFP). It was possible to perceive a significant negative correlation between EB and BFP for males, and a positive, but not significant, correlation in females. It was also observed that a majority of the participants (51.1%) showed a positive energy balance. Conclusion: A positive energy balance was found in a majority of the adolescents evaluated and this data was negatively correlated with body composition only in boys. Among women, however, there was no correlation between these variables.

Objetivo: Relacionar la composición corporal y el balance energético de atletas escolares. Métodos: Se trata de un estúdio transversal y analítico cuya la recogida de datos se dio entre los años de 2010 y 2012. La muestra se constituyó de 134 adolescentes entre 10 y 18 años, de ambos los sexos, practicantes de cinco modalidades distintas: judo, natación, tenis, gimnasia rítmica y gimnasia deportiva. Las pliegas cutáneas fue el método utilizado para la evaluación de la composición corporal y el cálculo del balance energético (BE) fue realizado a partir de la disminución del valor energético total consumido (VET) por el valor de las necesidades de energía estimadas (NEE). Los procedimientos estadísticos fueron realizados en el programa SPSS 19.0. El teste t de Student fue utilizado para la comparación de los datos entre los sexos y las correlaciones fueron realizadas a través del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Valores de p≤0,05 fueron considerados significativos. Resultados: Los mayores de ambos los sexos presentaron mayores valores de la circunferencia muscular del brazo (CMB) y del porcentaje de grasa (%G). Se percibió uma correlación negativa y significativa entre el BE y la %G para el sexo masculino y una correlación positiva pero sin significância para el sexo femenino. También se observó que la mayoría (51,1%) de los participantes presentó balance energético positivo. Conclusión: Un balance energético positivo fue encontrado en la mayoría de los adolescentes evaluados y ese dato se correlaciono de manera negativa con la composición corporal solamente para los niños. Sin embargo, para el sexo femenino, no se observo correlación entre las variables.