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Zinc metal is a promising anode candidate for aqueous zinc ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, low cost, and high safety. However, its application is currently restricted by hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), by-product formation, and Zn dendrite growth. Herein, a "Zn2+ in salt" (ZIS) interphase is in situ constructed on the surface of the anode (ZIS@Zn). Unlike the conventional "Zn2+ in water" working environment of Zn anodes, the intrinsic hydrophobicity of the ZIS interphase isolates the anode from direct contact with the aqueous electrolyte, thereby protecting it from HER, and the accompanying side reactions. More importantly, it works as an ordered water-free ion-conducting medium, which guides uniform Zn deposition and facilitates rapid Zn2+ migration at the interface. As a result, the symmetric cells assembled with ZIS@Zn exhibit dendrite-free plating/striping at 4500 h and a high critical current of 14 mA cm-2. When matched with a vanadium-based (NVO) cathode, the full battery exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability, with 88% capacity retention after 1600 cycles. This work provides an effective strategy to promote the stability and reversibility of Zn anodes in aqueous electrolytes.
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AIMS: To investigate the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and liver fat content (LFC) in community-based participants and highlight their relationship in people with different body mass indices (BMIs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using UK Biobank data, CRF was estimated with bicycle ergometer fitness testing and was evaluated based on physical work capacity at 75% maximum heart rate (PWC75%). LFC was quantified through liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) on magnetic resonance imaging. Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyse the associations of CRF and BMI with absolute reduction and percentage change in PDFF (%). RESULTS: In total, 5765 participants with a mean age of 55.57 years and a median (range) follow-up of 10.7 (4.0-17.7) years were included. Compared with the lowest PWC75% tertile, the absolute reduction and percentage change in PDFF in the highest PWC75% tertile were -0.450 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.699 to -0.192) and -4.152 (95% CI -6.044 to -2.104), respectively. These associations were independent of BMI, and individuals with obesity and normal weight had the largest absolute reduction and percentage change in LFC, respectively (p for interaction <0.001). Joint analysis showed that PWC75% and BMI had a negative dose-response relationship with PDFF. These associations were consistent in different sex and age subgroups (p for interaction >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant negative association between CRF and LFC, and this association was independent of BMI. The results of this study strongly recommend improving CRF to mitigate LFC.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the second most common aortic pathological manifestation. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has a wide impact on the cardiovascular system and may be a risk factor for AAA. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MAFLD is associated with the risk of AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the prospective UK Biobank cohort study. MAFLD is defined as hepatic steatosis plus metabolic abnormality, type 2 diabetes, or overweight/obesity. AAA is collected by ICD-10 code. Cox regression was established to analyze the association between MAFLD and AAA. A total of 370203 participants were included; the average age of the participants was 56.7 ± 8.0 years, and 134649 (36.4 %) were diagnosed with MAFLD. During the 12.5 years of follow-up, 1561 (0.4 %) participants developed AAA. After fully adjusting for confounding factors, individuals with MAFLD had a significantly increased risk of AAA (HR 1.521, 95 % CI 1.351-1.712, p < 0.001). Importantly, the risk of AAA increases with the severity of MAFLD as assessed by fibrosis scores. These associations were consistent according to sex, weight, and alcohol consumption but weaker in elderly or diabetics (P for interaction <0.05). The association between the MAFLD phenotype and AAA was independent of the polygenic risk score. Additionally, MAFLD was not associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm or aortic dissection events. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant relationship between MAFLD and AAA. These findings strongly recommend early prevention of AAA by intervening in MAFLD.
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Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Coortes , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Epigenetics, specifically histone post-translational modification (HPTM) induced by environmental factors, plays a crucial role in the development of diabetes. Sodium benzoate (NAB) is a widely used additive, however, its potential contribution to diabetes has been largely overlooked. In 2018, a novel HPTM called benzoylation (Kbz) induced by NAB was discovered. This modification can be catalyzed by ACSS2 (acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain member 2) and acyltransferase P300/CBP, and can be reversed by erase enzymes SIRT2. Studies have indicated that Kbz may regulate insulin secretion, although the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. In our study, C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups: the NC group and the 1g/kg NAB water feeding group. In vivo experiments were conducted using ß-TC-6 cells, with 6 mM NAB or 100 µM benzoyl-CoA as stimuli, and 10 µM A485 (P300 inhibitor), 5 µM ACSS2 inhibitor (inhibiting benzoyl-CoA synthesis), or 5 µM AGK2 (SIRT2 inhibitor) as intervention factors. Our study found that, although the experimental concentration of NAB is below the maximum allowable concentration in food, it still damaged the insulin secretion function of C57BL/6J mice and induced inflammation and apoptosis of islet ß cells. We observed significant differences in serum benzoyl-CoA levels between healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, NAB concentration-dependently increases benzoyl-CoA and Kbz levels. When Kbz is down-regulated using A485 and ACSS2 inhibitor, we observed a reduction in ß cell inflammation, apoptosis, and insulin secretion damage. Conversely, up-regulating Kbz using AGK2 resulted in increased levels of ß cell inflammation and apoptosis. In conclusion, our data suggest that NAB, despite being within the safe dose range, may be an overlooked environmental risk factor contributing to the pathogenesis of diabetes through its impact on Kbz.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Benzoato de Sódio , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Benzoato de Sódio/toxicidade , Benzoato de Sódio/metabolismo , Sirtuína 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/induzido quimicamente , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Histonas , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , ApoptoseRESUMO
Sugar transporters play important roles in plant growth and development, flowering and fruiting, as well as responses to adverse abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. Lilies (Lilium spp.) are some of the most representative ornamental bulbous flowers. Sugar metabolism is critical for bulb formation in lilies; therefore, clarifying the amount and expression pattern of sugar transporters is essential for further analyzing their roles in bulb formation. In this study, based on the transcriptome data of the Lilium Oriental hybrid 'Sorbonne' and Lilium × formolongi, a total of 69 and 41 sugar transporters were identified in 'Sorbonne' and Lilium × formolongi, respectively, by performing bioinformatics analysis. Through phylogenetic analysis, monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) can be divided into seven subfamilies, sucrose transporters (SUTs) can be divided into three subgroups, and sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) can be divided into four clades. According to an analysis of conserved motifs, 20, 14, and 12 conserved motifs were predicted in MSTs, SUTs, and SWEETs, respectively. A conserved domain analysis showed that MSTs and SUTs contained a single domain, whereas most of the SWEETs harbored two MtN3/saliva domains, also known as a PQ-loop repeat. The LohINT1, which was predicted to have a smaller number of transmembrane structural domains, was cloned and analyzed for subcellular localization. It was found that the LohINT1 protein is mainly localized in the cell membrane. In addition, the expression analysis indicated that 22 LohMSTs, 1 LohSUTs, and 5 LohSWEETs were upregulated in 'Sorbonne' 1 day after scale detachment treatment, suggesting that they may regulate the initiation of the bulblet. A total of 10 LflMSTs, 1 LflSUTs, and 6 LflSWEETs were upregulated 4~6 months after sowing, which corresponds to the juvenile-to-adult transition phase of Lilium × formolongi, suggesting that they may also play a role in the accompanying bulb swelling process. Combined with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, LohSTP8 and LohSTP12 were significantly overexpressed during the extremely early stage of bulblet initiation, and LflERD6.3 was significantly overexpressed during the growth of the underground bulblet, suggesting that they may be key sugar transporters in the formation of lily bulbs, which needs further functional verification.
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Lilium , Lilium/metabolismo , Filogenia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Transcriptoma , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Açúcares/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This research was to investigate the interaction mechanism between 2S albumin and 13S globulin (2S and 13S, the most important storage proteins in Tartary buckwheat seeds) and three phenols (rutin, quercetin and myricetin) regarding the structural and antioxidant properties of their complexes. RESULTS: There are differences in the binding affinity of phenols for 2S and 13S. Rutin had a higher binding affinity for 2S, myricetin had a higher binding affinity for 13S, and 13S exhibited a higher affinity toward phenols than did 2S. Binding with phenols significantly changed the secondary and tertiary structures of 2S and 13S, decreased the surface hydrophobic value and enhanced the antioxidant capacity. Molecular docking and isothermal titration calorimetry showed that the binding processes were spontaneous and that there were hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic bonds and van der Waals force interactions between phenols and proteins. CONCLUSION: These findings could provide meaningful guidance for the further application of buckwheat protein complex. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Antioxidantes , Fagopyrum , Antioxidantes/química , Fenóis/química , Fagopyrum/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Rutina , Sítios de LigaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a newly defined condition encompassing hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction. However, the relationship between MAFLD and multi-system diseases remains unclear, and the time-dependent sequence of these diseases requires further clarification. METHODS: After propensity score matching, 163,303 MAFLD subjects and 163,303 matched subjects were included in the community-based UK Biobank study. The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), was used to reclassify medical conditions into 490 and 16 specific causes of death. We conducted a disease trajectory analysis to map the key pathways linking MAFLD to various health conditions, providing an overview of their interconnections. RESULTS: Participants aged 59 (51-64) years, predominantly males (62.5%), were included in the study. During the 12.9-year follow-up period, MAFLD participants were found to have a higher risk of 113 medical conditions and eight causes of death, determined through phenome-wide association analysis using Cox regression models. Temporal disease trajectories of MAFLD were established using disease pairing, revealing intermediary diseases such as asthma, diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroid conditions, tobacco abuse, diverticulosis, chronic ischemic heart disease, obesity, benign tumors, and inflammatory arthritis. These trajectories primarily resulted in acute myocardial infarction, disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, infectious gastroenteritis and colitis, and functional intestinal disorders. Regarding death trajectories of MAFLD, malignant neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory system deaths were the main causes, and organ failure, infective disease, and internal environment disorder were the primary end-stage conditions. Disease trajectory analysis based on the level of genetic susceptibility to MAFLD yielded consistent results. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with MAFLD have a risk of a number of different medical conditions and causes of death. Notably, these diseases and potential causes of death constitute many pathways that may be promising targets for preventing general health decline in patients with MAFLD.
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Artrite , Asma , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be caused by multiple factors/events, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Ceramides are involved in atherosclerosis progression, cardiovascular events, and renal damage. Almost no studies have been conducted on the relationship between ceramide concentrations and AKI events. Therefore, we evaluated the association between plasma ceramide level at admission and AKI in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: We enrolled 842 ACS patients from the Prospective Multicenter Study for Early Evaluation of Acute Chest Pain. AKI was defined using the criteria from the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. Eleven C16-C26 ceramides were measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography interfaced to tandem mass spectrometer procedure. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate relationships between ceramides and AKI risk. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was used to evaluate differences between ceramides. RESULTS: Overall, 139 (16.5%) patients developed AKI during hospitalisation. Patients who developed AKI had higher levels of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/20:0), Cer(d18:1/21:0), Cer(d18:1/24:1), and Cer(d18:1/24:2) than patients who did not (P < 0.05). In risk-factor adjusted logistic regression models, these ceramides were independently associated with AKI risk (P < 0.05). Cer(d18:1/24:2) had the highest odds ratio of 3.503 (Q4 vs. Q1, 95% confidence interval: 1.743-7.040, P < 0.001). Ceramides had AUCs of 0.581-0.661 (P < 0.001) for AKI. Each ceramide combined with the Mehran risk score (AUC: 0.780) had AUCs of 0.802-0.808, greater than the Mehran risk score alone. CONCLUSION: Long-chain and very-long-chain ceramide levels may help determine the high AKI risk beyond traditional assessments.
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Injúria Renal Aguda , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Humanos , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Ceramidas/análise , Fatores de Risco , Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection (AA/AD) are critical aortic diseases with a hidden onset and sudden rupture, usually resulting in an inevitable death. Several pro- and anti-angiogenic factors that induce new capillary formation in the existing blood vessels regulate angiogenesis. In addition, aortic disease mainly manifests as the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells of the adventitia vasa vasorum. An increasing number of studies have shown that angiogenesis is a characteristic change that may promote AA/AD occurrence, progression, and rupture. Furthermore, neocapillaries are leaky and highly susceptible to injury by cytotoxic agents, which promote extracellular matrix remodeling, facilitate inflammatory cell infiltration, and release coagulation factors and proteases within the wall. Mechanistically, inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenic factor signaling play important roles in angiogenesis in AA/AD under the complex interaction of multiple cell types, such as smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils. Therefore, based on current evidence, this review aims to discuss the manifestation, pathological role, and underlying mechanisms of angiogenesis involved in AA/AD, providing insights into the prevention and treatment of AA/AD.
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BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is associated with a high risk of mortality in adults with ischemic stroke (IS). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and the risk of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) as only a few studies examined the relationship between malnutrition and the risk of SAP in IS. METHODS: Patients were included from emergency departments of five tertiary hospitals in the REtrospective Multicenter study for Ischemic Stroke Evaluation (REMISE) study from January 2020 to December 2020. Malnutrition was defined according to the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) systems. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between malnutrition and risk of SAP. RESULTS: We enrolled 915 patients with IS, 193 (14.75%), 495 (54.1%), and 148 (16.2%) of whom were malnourished according to the PNI, CONUT, and GNRI scores, respectively. SAP occurred in 294 (32.1%) patients. After adjusting for confounding influencing factors in the logistic regression analysis, malnutrition (moderate and severe risk vs. absent malnutrition) was independently associated with an increased risk of SAP based on the PNI (odds ratio [OR], 5.038; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.435-10.421, P < 0.001), CONUT (OR, 6.941; 95% CI 3.034-15.878, P < 0.001), and GNRI (OR, 2.007; 95% CI 1.186-3.119, P = 0.005) scores. Furthermore, adding malnutrition assessment indices to the A2DS2 score significantly improved the ability to predict SAP by analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves and net reclassification improvement. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition was notably prevalent in patients with IS and independently associated with an increased risk of SAP. Further studies are required to identify the effect of interventions on malnutrition to reduce the risk of SAP.
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AVC Isquêmico , Desnutrição , Pneumonia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , AVC Isquêmico/complicações , AVC Isquêmico/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , China/epidemiologia , Risco , Prevalência , IncidênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Caprini Risk Score (CRS) is a validated predictive instrument for venous thrombosis. Previous investigators have shown that a high CRS is associated with a higher risk of mortality from thrombotic diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the CRS and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: Secondary analysis of data from a retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients were classified into 3 CRS-based categories (CRS ≤ 2, CRS = 3-4, and CRS ≥ 5, indicating low, medium, and high, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to assess the prognosis of patients with ACS. All-cause mortality and cardiac mortality were the end points. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-four patients (12.8%) died during follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression models identified CRS as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality among patients with ACS (CRS = 3-4 vs CRS ≤ 2, hazard ratio: 3.268, 95% confidence interval: 1.396-7.647, P = .006; CRS ≥ 5 vs CRS ≤ 2, hazard ratio: 4.099, 95% confidence interval: 1.708-9.841, P = .002). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between CRS and fibrinogen level ( r = 0.486, R2 = 0.765, P < .001) as well as D-dimer level ( r = 0.480, R2 = 0.465, P < .001). CONCLUSION: The CRS is a useful prognostic assessment instrument for patients with ACS, and the risk stratification of patients with ACS can be achieved based on their CRS at admission.
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Prognóstico , Hospitalização , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
The mechanisms of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced cognitive deficits remain unclear. Here, our study found that about 3 months CIH treatment induced lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation in hippocampal nerve and glia cells of C57BL/6 mice, and caused severe neuro damage including neuron lesions, neuroblast (NB) apoptosis and abnormal glial activation. Studies have shown that the neuronal metabolism disorders might contribute to the CIH induced-hippocampal impairment. Mechanistically, the results showed that pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1É subunit (PDHA1) and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activator pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 (PDP1) did not noticeable change after intermittent hypoxia. Consistent with those results, the level of Acetyl-CoA in hippocampus did not significantly change after CIH exposure. Interestingly, we found that CIH produced large quantities of ROS, which activated the JNK/SREBP/ACC pathway in nerve and glia cells. ACC catalyzed the carboxylation of Acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA and then more lipid acids were synthesized, which finally caused aberrant LDs accumulation. Therefore, the JNK/SREBP/ACC pathway played a crucial role in the cognitive deficits caused by LDs accumulation after CIH exposure. Additionally, LDs were peroxidized by the high level of ROS under CIH conditions. Together, lipid metabolic disorders contributed to nerve and glia cells damage, which ultimately caused behavioral dysfunction. An active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, SMND-309, dramatically alleviated these injuries and improved cognitive deficits of CIH mice.
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Acetil-CoA Carboxilase/metabolismo , Cognição , Proteínas do Olho/metabolismo , Reguladores de Proteínas de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Gotículas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteína Fosfatase 2C/metabolismo , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/etiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol/metabolismo , Animais , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Disfunção Cognitiva , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Aprendizagem , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Memória , Camundongos , Neurônios , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythm disorders (CRDs) are closely associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases, such as inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as tumors. The impact of a CRD on bodily health is a complex and comprehensive process, and its molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways are still unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism variation and adverse outcomes associated with CRDs in a prospective cohort of CRD cases and controls at term using multiomics data. The study has been tasked with developing a precise health promotion model for the prevention and management of CRDs. METHODS: This will be a 5-year prospective cohort study centered on the health management of individuals with CRDs. One hundred volunteers were recruited and had undergone baseline specimen collection, health examination, and health assessment. All of them will be followed up every year using the same protocol, and their biological specimens will be subjected to multiomics analysis after standardized processing. DISCUSSION: Longitudinal health examination, health assessment, and multiomics data will be analyzed to study the impact of CRDs on the volunteers' health status. The results of this study will promote the development of targeted health management programs based on precision medicine. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The clinical study registration has been completed (Trial Registration No. ChiCTR2100047242 ).
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Transtornos Cronobiológicos , Ritmo Circadiano , Estudos de Coortes , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
To enhance the characterization of wood extractives at molecular level, a detailed ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS)-based analytical methodology was developed in this work. The analytical strategies, including selection of compatible solvent for extraction, evaluation of ionization solvent for effective electrospray ionization, and multi-dimensional data analysis, were established to ensure a comprehensive characterization of complex compositions in wood extractives. Extraction capability of seven solvents with varied polarities was examined by a standard reference material of hardwood biomass and evaluated based on thousands of compounds which were much more than those discovered before. With a variety of data-processing approaches, including compound type distribution, double bond equivalent versus carbon number plot, and van Krevelen diagram, the chemodiversity of the extractives was fully explored from different perspectives. This work greatly expanded the compound library of wood extractives and could also provide guidance for the integrated composition analysis of other biomass materials.
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Madeira , Biomassa , Espectrometria de Massas , Solventes/química , Madeira/químicaRESUMO
Recently, the crystal structure of violet phosphorus and its monolayer violet phosphorene (VP) have been reconfirmed experimentally, and they were verified to be more thermally stable than their allotrope, black phosphorus. Here, we calculated the carrier mobility of monolayer VP using density functional theory. It is found that the carrier mobility is highly anisotropic and the hole mobility reaches 9.86 × 103 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the a-direction, endowing the potential application of VP in p-type semiconductor channel materials. Moreover, the Schottky barrier of the graphene/VP heterojunction turns into an ohmic contact when the electric field strength is >2 V nm-1. Therefore, VP and graphene/VP heterojunctions have potential prospects in electronic devices.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chemerin is a brand-new adipokine that has been linked to both inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Even though a rising number of studies have connected chemerin to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly referred to as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), this association has been controversial. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was undertaken up to February 1, 2022, in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG, and CBM library databases. Circulating chemerin levels were obtained and summarized using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the possibility of heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies involving 2580 participants (1584 MAFLD patients and 996 controls) evaluated circulating chemerin levels in patients with MAFLD. The present study showed that higher chemerin levels were found in patients with MAFLD (SMD: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.29, 2.35) and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) (SMD: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.01, 1.50) compared to controls. However, circulating chemerin levels did not differ significantly in the following comparisons: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients and controls (SMD: 0.75; 95% CI: -0.52, 2.03); NASH patients and NAFL patients (SMD: 0.16; 95% CI: -0.39, 0.70); moderate to severe steatosis and mild steatosis (SMD: 0.55; 95% CI: -0.59, 1.69); present liver fibrosis and absent liver fibrosis (SMD: 0.66; 95% CI: -0.42, 1.74); present lobular inflammation and absent lobular inflammation (SMD: 0.45; 95% CI: -0.53, 1.42); and present portal inflammation and absent portal inflammation (SMD: 1.92; 95% CI: -0.85, 4.69). CONCLUSIONS: Chemerin levels were considerably greater in patients with MAFLD than in controls, despite the fact that they were not significantly linked to different liver tissue lesions of MAFLD. In different subtypes of MAFLD, in comparison to healthy controls, the chemerin levels of NAFL patients were higher, whereas, there was no obvious difference in chemerin levels between NASH patients and controls. It is possible that chemerin will be used as a biomarker in the future to track the development and progression of MAFLD.
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Adipocinas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Biomarcadores , Quimiocinas/sangue , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with a greater frailty risk, but it remains unknown if pathways that contribute to CVD are associated with the frailty risk. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether elevations in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) for those without known CVD at baseline are associated with a higher frailty risk. METHODS: This study used data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Cardiac biomarkers were measured from stored plasma samples collected at Visit 2 (1991-1993). Frailty was recorded at Visit 5 (2011-2013). Cox regression models were used to determine the association of cardiac biomarkers with frailty risk. RESULTS: Overall, 360/5199 (6.9%) participants aged 55.1 ± 5.1 years developed frailty during a median follow-up of 21.7 years. The incidence of frailty was significantly higher in participants with hs-cTnT ≥14 ng/L (vs. < 14 ng/L: 17.9% vs. 6.7%) or NT-proBNP ≥300 pg/ml (vs. < 300 pg/ml: 19.7% vs. 6.8%) (all P < 0.001). Comparing higher vs. lower cut-off levels of either hs-cTnT (14 ng/l) or NT-proBNP (300 pg/ml) demonstrated a greater than two-fold higher frailty risk, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.130-4.01, P = 0.020) and 2.61 (95% CI: 1.28-5.33, P = 0.008), respectively. Individuals with both elevated hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP had a higher frailty risk than those without it (HR: 4.15; 95% CI: 1.50-11.48, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: High hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP levels are strongly associated with incident frailty in the community-dwelling population without known CVD. Subclinical cardiac damage (hs-cTnT) and/or wall strain (NT-proBNP) may be the key pathway of CVD patients developing frailty. Detection of hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP may help for early screening of high-risk frailty and providing individualised intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ; Unique identifier: NCT00005131 .
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Aterosclerose , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Fragilidade , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Aterosclerose/epidemiologia , Biomarcadores , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Fragilidade/complicações , Fragilidade/diagnóstico , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Humanos , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Fatores de Risco , Troponina TRESUMO
OBJECTIVE. The potential for significant disparities exists in the setting of increased adoption of prostate MRI. We sought to assess temporal trends in the utilization of MRI before prostate biopsy in a nationally representative sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Using the SEER-Medicare linked database, we identified men undergoing prostate biopsy who had an MRI within 6 months of diagnosis of prostate cancer. Men were stratified according to whether they were biopsy naive or had undergone a prior negative prostate biopsy. RESULTS. We identified 82,483 men undergoing prostate biopsy in SEER-Medicare from 2008 to 2015 of whom 78,253 were biopsy naive and 4230 had a known prior negative biopsy. We found that the percentage of patients who received an MRI before biopsy has increased from 2008 to 2015 in biopsy-naive men (0.5-8.2%; p < .001), men with a prior negative biopsy (1.4-25.5%; p < .001), and overall (0.5-9.2%; p < .001). On multivariable modeling, the odds ratio (OR) of a patient undergoing an MRI before biopsy for Black men (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3-0.5; p < .001) was half that of White men, and the OR of MRI before biopsy in men from the Northeast (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.8-4.3; p < .001) was more than three times that of men from the West. CONCLUSION. The steady overall increase in the utilization of MRI before prostate biopsy since 2008 has been associated with significant racial and regional disparities in utilization.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Programa de SEER , Idoso , Biópsia , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Medicare , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the impact of malnutrition risk at admission assessed using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) on AKI and mortality in patients with ACS. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 3185 ACS patients from the retrospective multi-centre study. AKI was defined as criteria of the 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. Risk of malnutrition was defined as NRS-2002 score ≥3. The end points were AKI and all-cause mortality. There were 926 (29.1%) patients with risk of malnutrition and 481 (15.1%) patients complicated with AKI during hospitalisation, and 378 (12.0%) patients died during the 13.1 (8.5-20.4) months of follow-up. Patients with NRS-2002 score ≥3 had a higher incidence of AKI and all-cause mortality (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic and Cox regression analysis showed that the adjusted odd ratios and hazard ratios of categorised NRS-2002 (<3 vs. ≥3) for AKI and mortality were 1.643 (95% confidence interval: 1.242-2.172, P < 0.001) and 2.026 (95% confidence interval: 1.491-2.753, P < 0.001), respectively. In structural equation modelling, the indirect effects of NRS-2002 on mortality via AKI were 54.1% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The risk of malnutrition assessed using NRS-2002 was useful in identifying high-risk patients with AKI and mortality, and patients with ACS may benefit from further nutritional intervention and prevention of AKI. REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR1900024657.
Assuntos
Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , Injúria Renal Aguda/mortalidade , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/mortalidade , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/mortalidade , Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , China/epidemiologia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Desnutrição/mortalidade , Desnutrição/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Admissão do Paciente , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) scale is a rapid and effective screening instrument that assesses nutritional risk among hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to explore the prognostic value of the NRS-2002 scale in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) considering its uncertain role in this particular condition. METHODS: Patients with AMI included in the Retrospective Multicenter Study for Early Evaluation of Acute Chest Pain were investigated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the association between NRS-2002 and mortality in patients with AMI. The primary and secondary endpoints were all-cause and cardiac mortality during the follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 2307 patients were enrolled, among whom 246 (10.7%) died within a median follow-up duration of 10.67 (8.04-14.33) months. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with an NRS-2002 score of 3 or higher had poorer cumulative survival than those with an NRS-2002 score lower than 3 (P < .001). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, patients with an NRS-2002 score of 3 or higher had more than double the risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-3.40; P < .001) and twice the risk for cardiac-related mortality (hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-3.13; P = .002) than did patients with lower scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the NRS-2002 screening instrument was an independent prognostic predictor for both all-cause and cardiac mortality in patients with AMI. Nutritional risk assessment based on the NRS-2002 scale may provide useful prognostic information of early nutritional risk stratification in patients with AMI.