Factors affecting different COVID-19 outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during the second pandemic wave of COVID-19 in China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate characteristics associated with different COVID-19 outcomes of people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and COVID-19 during the second pandemic wave of COVID-19 in China. METHODS: In this retrospective study, people with SLE and COVID-19 who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from December 2022 and February 2023 were subjected to this study. The three possible outcomes were listed in order of ordinal severity: (1) not hospitalized, (2) hospitalized but not receiving oxygenation, and (3) hospitalized with any ventilation or oxygenation. A multivariable ordinal logistic regression model was built to examine the association between COVID-19 severity and demographic traits, medications, comorbidities, and disease activity. Furthermore, among the 301 SLE patients included in our study, only two patients experienced mortality. In order to maintain statistical rigor, we have included these two deceased patients in the outcome measure of hospitalized with any ventilation or oxygenation. RESULTS: A total of 301 patients with SLE were enrolled in this study. The multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses indicated that high SLE disease activity (vs remission; OR 39.04, 95% CI 3.08 to 494.44, p = .005) was associated with more severe outcomes. Three doses of COVID-19 vaccination (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.51, p = .001), glucocorticoids dose (1-5 mg/day 0.14, 0.03 to 0.73, p = .020, and 6-9 mg/day 0.12, 0.02 to 0.61, p = .010), and more intensive immunosuppression drugs (0.34, 0.12 to 0.97, p = .044) were associated with better outcomes. In age-adjusted and sex-adjusted models, telitacicept (6.66, 1.35 to 32.86, p = .020) and rituximab (7.81, 1.87 to 32.66, p = .005) were associated with more severe outcomes. Hydroxychloroquine (0.47, 0.25 to 0.88, p = .018) was associated with favorable outcomes. CONCLUSION: Different COVID-19 outcomes in people with SLE are mostly driven by COVID-19 vaccination, medications, and activity SLE. More importantly, three doses of COVID-19 vaccination may be associated with better outcomes.

Postnatal depressive symptoms mediate the relation between prenatal role overload and responsiveness among first-time mothers.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the association between prenatal role overload and maternal responsiveness, with postnatal depressive symptoms as a mediator. METHODS: Participants were 127 first-time mothers in Hong Kong (M = 32.8, SD = 4.0). Participants completed data collection for self-report on prenatal role overload (Time 1) in the third trimester of pregnancy, postnatal depressive symptoms (Time 2) at 4-month postpartum and maternal responsiveness (Time 3) at 9-month postpartum. The hypothesised mediation model was tested with the Hayes PROCESS macro (model 4). RESULTS: Time 1 prenatal role overload was not directly predictive of later responsiveness (B = -0.06, p = .270). However, the indirect effect of Time 2 postnatal depressive symptoms in the association between Time 1 prenatal role overload and Time 3 responsiveness was significant (unstandardised effect = -0.03, 95% Bootstrapping CI = [-0.081, -0.001]; standardised effect = -0.06, 95% Bootstrapping CI = [-0.152, -0.002]). CONCLUSION: Findings highlighted that more attention is required to the support provided to first-time expectant mothers to prevent role overload, and that intervention for postnatal depressive symptoms may focus on role overload. The findings also highlighted that postnatal depressive symptoms could be a promising way to increase maternal responsiveness.

[The use of bronchial occlusion test in a preterm infant with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia complicated by severe lobar emphysema]. / æ”¯æ°”ç®¡å°å µè¯•éªŒåœ¨æ—©äº§å„¿é‡åº¦æ”¯æ°”ç®¡è‚ºå‘è‚²ä¸è‰¯ä¼´ä¸¥é‡è‚ºå¶æ°”è‚¿ä¸­çš„åº”ç”¨1例.

In infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD), severe pulmonary lobar emphysema may occur as a complication, contributing to significant impairment in ventilation. Clinical management of these infants is extremely challenging and some may require lobectomy to improve ventilation. However, prior to the lobectomy, it is very difficult to assess whether the remaining lung parenchyma would be able to sustain adequate ventilation postoperatively. In addition, preoperative planning and perioperative management are also quite challenging in these patients. This paper reports the utility of selective bronchial occlusion in assessing the safety and efficacy of lobectomy in a case of sBPD complicated by severe right upper lobar emphysema. Since infants with sBPD already have poor lung development and significant lung injury, lobectomy should be viewed as a non-traditional therapy and be carried out with extreme caution. Selective bronchial occlusion test can be an effective tool in assessing the risks and benefits of lobectomy in cases with sBPD and lobar emphysema. However, given the technical difficulty, successful application of this technique requires close collaboration of an experienced interdisciplinary team.

Children's Daily Living Routine Mediates the Relations Between Parent-Child Relationships and Child Adjustment Problems During School Suspension in Hong Kong.

Young children's adjustment problems were found to be prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such adjustment problems may be dependent on children's relationships with their parents and children's daily living routine in the family during the pandemic-related school suspension period. This study examines how children's routine mediated the associations between parent-child relationships and child adjustment problems during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, when schools were suspended. The study collected data from 937 parents (87.8% mothers) of children aged 5-12 (M = 7.35 years, SD = 2.09; 50.5% girls). Parents reported on parent-child relationships, children's daily living routine, and child adjustment problems in an online survey. Our findings from structural equation modeling indicate that parent-child closeness was negatively related to child adjustment problems, whereas conflict was positively related to child adjustment problems. Children's routine mediated the associations between parent-child relationships (i.e., closeness and conflict) and child externalizing problems. However, children's routine did not mediate the associations between parent-child relationships (i.e., closeness and conflict) and child internalizing problems. The findings show that parents should be helped to establish routine, especially in difficult times when young children experience turbulence in their daily life, so as to reduce their adjustment problems, in particular of an externalizing nature.

[Early prediction of severe COVID-19 in patients with Sjögren's syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of blood cell ratios and inflammatory markers for adverse prognosis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) combined with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We retrospectively collected clinical data from 80 patients with PSS and COVID-19 who visited the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from December 2022 to February 2023. Inclusion criteria were (1) meeting the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome; (2) confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or antigen testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); (3) availability of necessary clinical data; (4) age > 18 years. According to the clinical classification criteria of the "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (trial the 10th Revised Edition)", the patients were divided into the mild and severe groups. Disease activity in primary Sjögren' s syndrome was assessed using the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren' s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI). Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein-lymphocyte ratio (CLR), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and other laboratory data were compared between the two groups within 24-72 hours post-infection. RESULTS: The mild group consisted of 66 cases with an average age of (51. 52±13. 16) years, and the severe group consisted of 14 cases with an average age of (52.64±10.20) years. Disease activity, CRP, platelets, PLR, and CLR were significantly higher in the severe group compared with the mild group (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis using age, disease activity, CRP, platelets, PLR, and CLR as independent variables indicated that disease activity, CRP, PLR, and CLR were correlated with the severity of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further confirmed that PLR (OR=1.016, P < 0.05) and CLR (OR=1.504, P < 0.05) were independent risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 in the critically ill patients. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for PLR and CLR was 0.708 (95%CI: 0.588-0.828) and 0.725 (95%CI: 0.578-0.871), respectively. The sensitivity for PLR and CLR was 0.429 and 0.803, respectively, while the highest specificity was 0.714 and 0.758, respectively. The optimal cutoff values for PLR and CLR were 166.214 and 0.870, respectively. CONCLUSION: PLR and CLR, particularly the latter, may serve as simple and effective indicators for predicting the prognosis of patients with PSS and COVID-19.

Teacher-student relationships and academic adaptation in college freshmen: Disentangling the between-person and within-person effects.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescents face increased academic demands and lower structure as they move from high school to college. Good relationships with teachers are considered a crucial factor linked with adaptive academic behavior. However, few longitudinal studies have investigated the association between teacher-student relationships and academic adaptation over time in the higher education context, especially focusing on freshmen and separating the between-person and within-person effects. This study aimed to fill the said gaps based on the developmental-contextual perspective of psychosocial adjustment. METHODS: Participants were 1578 Chinese freshmen who just transitioned from high school to college (Mage = 18.72 years, SD = 0.92). Data were collected at the 2nd (T1), 4th (T2), and 8th (T3) months upon college entry. Both cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and random intercept, CLPM (RI-CLPM) were used to examine the focal association. RESULTS: Findings of CLPM revealed bidirectional associations between teacher-student relationships and academic adaptation over time. Findings from RI-CLPM suggested that at the between-person level, teacher-student relationships were significantly related to academic adaptation, echoing the results of CLPM. At the within-person level, however, the findings revealed a unidirectional effect, such that the within-person changes in teacher-student relationships at T2 predicted corresponding changes in academic adaptation at T3. Findings of CLPM and RI-CLPM were robust after controlling for T1 covariates. CONCLUSION: The association between teacher-student relationships and academic adaptation is due mainly to the stable, trait-like difference between individuals and due partly to state-like variations within individuals. Enhancing teacher-student relationships appears a promising avenue to facilitate academic adaptation among college freshmen.

Chinese public's panic buying at the beginning of COVID-19 outbreak: The contribution of perceived risk, social media use, and connection with close others.

Panic buying is a globally witnessed behavior during the outbreak of COVID-19. This consumer behavior is related to many undesirable consequences, ranging from disrupting economic stability to hindering timely provision of supplies to those in dire need. As such, to understand the causes and underlying mechanisms of panic buying is crucial. Based on terror management theory, this study examined the contribution of perceived risk, social media use, and connection with close others to panic buying. Data were collected through an online survey from 972 Chinese citizens (65.9% female, M age = 33.69 years) at the beginning period of COVID-19 in early February 2020. The results found that individuals with a higher level of perceived risk were more prone to engage in panic buying, but this link was mitigated by connection with close others when individuals less used social media. Theoretically, this study advances the understandings of the psychological processes of panic buying during health crisis. Practically, alleviating individuals' perceived risk, establishing a healthy habit of social media use, and strengthening social ties are important to circumventing panic buying in times of COVID-19.

Chinese public's knowledge, perceived severity, and perceived controllability of COVID-19 and their associations with emotional and behavioural reactions, social participation, and precautionary behaviour: a national survey.

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has caused enormous stress among the public in China. Intellectual input from various aspects is needed to fight against COVID-19, including understanding of the public's emotion and behaviour and their antecedents from the psychological perspectives. Drawing upon the cognitive appraisal theory, this study examined three cognitive appraisals (i.e., perceived severity, perceived controllability, and knowledge of COVID-19) and their associations with a wide range of emotional and behavioural outcomes among the Chinese public. METHODS: Participants were 4607 citizens (age range: 17-90 years, Mage = 23.71 years) from 31 provinces in China and they took part in a cross-sectional survey online. RESULTS: The results showed that the public's emotional and behavioural reactions were slightly affected by the outbreak of COVID-19. Moreover, the public had limited participation in the events regarding COVID-19 but actively engaged in precautionary behaviour. In addition, results of structural equation model with latent variables revealed that the three appraisals were differentially related to the outcome variables (i.e., negative emotion, positive emotion, sleep problems, aggression, substance use, mobile phone use, social participation, and precautionary behaviour). CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the utility of cognitive appraisal, as a core process of coping stress, in explaining the public's emotion and behaviour in the encounter of public health concern. Practically, the findings facilitate the government and practitioners to design and deliver targeted intervention programs to the public.

Career-related parental behaviors, adolescents' consideration of future consequences, and career adaptability: A three-wave longitudinal study.

Career adaptability is a critical psychological resource for adolescents during their transition from secondary to postsecondary education. Based on prospective data from 451 Chinese adolescents (M = 16.87, SD = 0.63; 46.3% female), this study examined the mediating role of adolescents' consideration of future consequences (CFCS) in the association between career-related parental behaviors and adolescents' career adaptability. Results demonstrated that career-related parental support at Wave 1 was associated positively with adolescents' career adaptability and its subdimensions (i.e., career concern, control, curiosity, and confidence) at Wave 3 (i.e., 10 months later). Adolescents' CFCS at Wave 2 (i.e., 5 months later after Wave 1) served as a mediator linking career-related parental support at Wave 1 and career concern, control, and curiosity, but not confidence at Wave 3. Neither parental lack of engagement nor interference at Wave 1 predicted adolescents' career adaptability at Wave 3. These results suggest that interventions assisting parents in performing supportive behaviors, such as engaging in adolescents' career exploration activities and offering information about various kinds of jobs, might be useful strategies to foster adolescents' curiosity and confidence in choosing future career paths. Additionally, counselors and parents may offer adolescents strategies to strengthen their abilities to consider the potential influences of their current behaviors on future career paths (e.g., prioritizing behaviors and activities related to their future career paths over activities that only provide immediate or short-term gratification) to promote their capabilities of coping with challenges during the career transition period. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Protective factors for depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood.

Emerging adulthood is characterized by pervasive changes in identity and relationships. These challenges can entail problems for subjective well-being, leading to depressive symptoms. The development of an autonomous-related self is considered crucial for emerging adults' personal growth and psychological well-being. Autonomous-related self is linked to self-esteem and secure attachment style, which are also protective factors for depression. The current research sought to investigate the relation between autonomous-related self and depressive symptoms, as well as the role of secure attachment style and self-esteem, in a sample of 356 Italian emerging adults. Gender differences were taken into account in preliminary analyses. Gender differences emerged for autonomous-related self and self-esteem, while secure attachment and depression levels were similar across gender. Our results suggest that autonomous-related self, mediated by self-esteem and secure attachment style, is a protective factor for emotional states of depression, controlling for social desirability. These findings emphasize the importance of taking autonomy and relatedness into account in emerging adulthood and represent a starting point for future studies.

Early Evidence of the Italian Parent-Report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-P).

The parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-P) is a widely used scale that assesses children's and adolescents' strengths and difficulties. The present study applied this scale to Italian adolescents and compared the current results with previous Chinese findings and the United Kingdom norm. Participants were 422 Italian parents and their adolescent children. Parents and adolescents answered the parent-report and the self-report SDQ, respectively. Results showed that the five-factor first-order model was better than other competing models. Cronbach's alpha of emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, prosocial behavior, and total difficulties was .63, .52, .69, .51, .59, and .77 respectively for mother-report measure, and .67, .48, .67, .46, .55, and .79 respectively for father-report measure. Parent-adolescent agreements ranged from low to medium, whereas mother-father agreements were large. Parents did not rate boys and girls as well as early-adolescence and mid-adolescence differently. Italian parents rated their adolescent children to have lower levels of hyperactivity, peer problems, total difficulties, and higher levels of prosocial behavior than Chinese parents; and Italian mothers rated their adolescent children to have lower levels of hyperactivity than United Kingdom parents. In conclusion, the current findings suggest both strengths and inadequacies of the SDQ-P for Italian adolescents.

The Parent-Version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS-P) in Chinese and Italian Community Samples: Validation and Cross-Cultural Comparison.

The current study aimed to validate the parent-version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS-P) among Chinese and Italian community adolescents and to compare adolescents' anxiety symptoms in these two countries. Chinese (N = 456) and Italian (N = 452) adolescents and their parents participated in the study. Results showed that: (1) the six correlated-factor structure was demonstrated and invariant across countries. (2) The reliability of the total scale was good in both samples, whereas reliabilities of subscales were acceptable and moderate in Chinese and Italian samples, respectively. (3) The SCAS-P showed good convergent and divergent validity. (4) Adolescent-parent agreement was from low to medium while mother-father agreement ranged from medium to high. (5) There were cultural and gender differences in levels of parent-report anxiety symptoms. In conclusion, SCAS-P seems to be a promising parent-report instrument to assess Chinese and Italian adolescents' anxiety symptoms.

[Functional haplotypes of INCENP affect promoter activity and bovine semen quality].

To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the inner centromere protein (INCENP) gene and bovine semen quality, the haplotypes in 250 Chinese Holstein bulls were detected using PCR-RFLP method in this study. Two SNPs (g.-556 G>T, rs 136823901 and g.-692 C>T, rs 211010999) and three haplotypes (CG, TT, TG) were identified in the promoter region of INCENP. The genotype frequency and allele frequency of these two SNPs as well as the correlation between different SNP haplotype combinations and bovine semen quality were then analyzed. Our results showed that fresh sperm motility of the GT genotype was significantly higher than that of the GG genotype (P<0.05) at the SNP site g.-556 G>T, while fresh and frozen-thawed sperm motilities of the haplotype combinations H1H1(CCGG), H1H3(CTGT), H2H3(TTGT) and H3H3(TTTT) were significantly higher than that of H1H2 (P<0.05). To further study the possible mechanisms by which g.-556 G>T and g.-692 C>T affect semen quality, three haplotype plasmids were respectively transfected into MLTC-1 cells. The TG haplotype demonstrated the highest luciferase activity, suggesting that g.-556 G>T and g.-692 C>T are functional mutations which could regulate INCENP gene expression by affecting promoter activity and thus affect semen quality.

Parental attachment, self-control, and depressive symptoms in Chinese and Italian adolescents: Test of a mediation model.

The current study investigated the relationship between parental attachment and depressive symptoms as well as the mediating effect of self-control in two different cultures. Samples were 1305 Chinese and 1327 Italian adolescents. They completed the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment, the Self-Restraint Subscale of the Adolescents' Self-Consciousness Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory that assessed parental attachment, self-control, and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results showed that: (1) Few cultural differences in depressive symptom were observed. (2) Parental attachment and self-control were negatively related to depressive symptoms in both cultures. (3) Self-control mediated the relations between parental attachment and depressive symptoms in both cultures. (4) The direct and indirect effects were invariant across cultures. In conclusion, parental attachment and self-control are important for adolescents' depressive symptoms in Chinese and Italian adolescents.

When do normative beliefs about aggression predict aggressive behavior? An application of I3 theory.

I(3) theory assumes that aggressive behavior is dependent on three orthogonal processes (i.e., Instigator, Impellance, and Inhibition). Previous studies showed that Impellance (trait aggressiveness, retaliation tendencies) better predicted aggression when Instigator was strong and Inhibition was weak. In the current study, we predicted that another Impellance (i.e., normative beliefs about aggression) might predict aggression when Instigator was absent and Inhibition was high (i.e., the perfect calm proposition). In two experiments, participants first completed the normative beliefs about aggression questionnaire. Two weeks later, participants' self-control resources were manipulated either using the Stroop task (study 1, N = 148) or through an "e-crossing" task (study 2, N = 180). Afterwards, with or without being provoked, participants played a game with an ostensible partner where they had a chance to aggress against them. Study 1 found that normative beliefs about aggression negatively and significantly predicted aggressive behavior only when provocation was absent and self-control resources were not depleted. In Study 2, normative beliefs about aggression negatively predicted aggressive behavior at marginal significance level only in the "no-provocation and no-depletion" condition. In conclusion, the current study provides partial support for the perfect calm proposition and I(3) theory.

The associations between self-consciousness and internalizing/externalizing problems among Chinese adolescents.

Self-consciousness is considered as a multifaceted and hierarchical construct that includes self-evaluation, self-experience, and self-control. This study assumes that self-consciousness is a preventative factor of internalizing and externalizing problems among Chinese adolescents. 1202 Chinese adolescents from grade 7 to grade 12 participated in this study by completing a battery of questionnaires that assessed self-consciousness and internalizing/externalizing problems. The results showed that, after controlling demographic variables, some lower-order factors (i.e., sense of satisfaction, sense of anxiety, social self, self-restraint, self-esteem, and self-monitoring) and higher-order subscales (i.e., self-evaluation and self-experience) of self-consciousness significantly predicted internalizing problems, while externalizing problems were predicted by several lower-order factors (i.e., self-restraint, sense of satisfaction, and self-monitoring) and higher-order subscales (i.e., self-control and self-experience). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Chinese adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems are related with different aspects of self-consciousness, which sheds light on the prevention into adolescents' problem behaviors.

Dynamic changes in cardiac biomarkers in radiotherapy for oesophageal cancer and their correlations with cardiac radiation dosimetry.

Background and purpose: To investigate the dynamic changes in cardiac enzymes, high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during radiotherapy (RT) and 6 months after RT for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the middle and lower locations and to analyse the correlations between these indicators and cardiac radiation dosimetry parameters. Methods: For 35 patients with ESCC in the middle and lower locations receiving radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT), intensity-modulated RT was performed at 1.8 Gy or 2.0 Gy per day, and the totle dose was 50.4 Gy or 60 Gy. Serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), hs-TnT, pro-BNP and LVEF were measured before, during, and at the end of RT and 1, 3 and 6 months after RT, and correlations of these indicators with mean heart dose (MHD) and heart V5-V50 were analysed. Results: hs-TnT during, at the end and 6 months after RT for oesophageal cancer showed increasing trends, however, LVEF showed a downward trend. pro-BNP showed an increasing trend during RT and gradually returned to normal after RT. CK and CK-MB showed decreasing trends during RT and continued until one month after RT and then gradually returned to normal. Compared with the low-dose group (MHD < 2000 cGy), the high-dose group (MHD ≥ 2000 cGy) had larger increases in hs-TnT and pro-BNP, a more significant decrease in LVEF, and a longer recovery time for these indicators. MHD and V35 were positively correlated with dynamic changes in hs-TnT. Conclusions: Cardiac injury caused by cCRT for ESCC in the middle and lower locations led to increased hs-TnT and pro-BNP levels and a decrease in LVEF in the early stage of treatment, effects that were more pronounced in the high-dose group. MHD and V35 may be potential indicators to predict the degree of cardiac damage. hs-TnT and pro-BNP are sensitive indicators reflecting cardiac injury in RT for oesophageal cancer. Continuous dynamic monitoring of these markers can provide a reference for cardiac protection in clinical RT.

CD4/CD8 Ratio: An Independent Predictor of Herpes Zoster in Patients With Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases.

BACKGROUND: A higher incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) was found in people with decreased cell-mediated immunity. However, the relationship between cellular immunity and HZ infection in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD) remains elusive. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of CD4/CD8 ratio in patients with AIRD and HZ. METHODS: This case-control study compared AIRD patients with and without HZ. We chose 70 AIRD patients with HZ as the experimental group and 140 AIRD patients without HZ as the control group. The clinical and laboratory findings were assessed in each trial participant. RESULTS: The CD4/CD8 ratio (odds ratio [OR], 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.49) was independently associated with the occurrence of HZ after adjusting for various confounders. Nonlinear analysis has unveiled a more profound nonlinear relationship between the CD4/CD8 ratio and the occurrence of HZ in patients with AIRD. The OR of HZ increased with a decreasing CD4/CD8 ratio before the turning point of 2. The adjusted regression coefficient was 0.14 (95% CI, 0.05-0.37, p<0.0001) for CD4/CD8 ratio less than 2. CONCLUSION: The CD4/CD8 ratio was expected to be a very promising quantitative biomarker for predicting the risk of developing HZ in patients with AIRD.

Linking child externalising problems to psychological distress in parents: Mobile phone use by children as a mediator.

Child externalising problems, such as acting out and hostility, have been found to be significant stressors for parents, leading to increased distress levels. This cross-sectional study examined the mediating role of parents' use of mobile phones to soothe or engage children in the association between child externalising problems and distress in parents. Altogether 937 parents of children aged 5-12 reported their child's externalising problems, child's mobile phone use, and their distress through an online survey. The findings indicated that parents of children with high externalising problems are more likely to use mobile phones to soothe their children and keep them engaged in daily activities, which, in turn, is associated with higher distress in parents. Child externalising problems and distress in parents remained significantly and positively associated even after accounting for the mediating effect. The results highlight the child-driven effect on distress in parents through parenting behaviours, indicating the importance of providing alternative parenting strategies to cope with child externalising behaviours, in order to promote parental emotional well-being.

Parental self-control facilitates adolescent psychological adjustment sequentially through parents' perceived stress/mindful parenting and adolescent self-control.

Adolescence is a unique developmental period marked with significant changes and challenges. As such, maintaining optimal psychological adjustment is crucial for young people, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic when their adjustment became more challenging. Self-control is a vital ability assisting individuals to navigate difficulties and stay well-adjusted during turbulent times. While the associations between adolescent self-control and adjustment have been well-documented, parental self-control has been considered to play a more fundamental role in adolescent adjustment. However, this consideration has received scant research. Drawing on the intergenerational transmission model of self-regulation, we examined an understudied yet plausible idea that parental self-control facilitates adolescent adjustment through parents' lower levels of perceived stress/better mindful parenting and adolescents' improved self-control. A two-wave survey study, spanning 1 year apart, was conducted among 426 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 11.6 years, 53.5% boys) and their parents. Parents rated their self-control, perceived stress, and mindful parenting at T1, while adolescents rated their self-control and adjustment (i.e., psychological difficulties and life satisfaction) at T1 and T2. The results of chain mediation model showed that after controlling for demographic covariates and baseline levels of adolescent self-control and adjustment, T1 paternal self-control facilitated T2 adolescent adjustment through fathers' lower levels of perceived stress and adolescents' improved self-control. By contrast, T1 maternal self-control facilitated T2 adolescent adjustment through mothers' better mindful parenting and adolescents' improved self-control. These findings advance our understanding of how self-control is transmitted from parents to offspring and clarify the processes of how parental self-control facilitates adolescent adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).