RESUMO
A novel series of CCR5 antagonists were identified based on the redesign of Schering C. An SAR was established based on inhibition of CCR5 (RANTES) binding and these compounds exhibited potent inhibition of R5 HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Assuntos
Amidas/química , Antagonistas dos Receptores CCR5 , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/química , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperidinas/química , Piridinas/química , Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/farmacocinética , Animais , Cães , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Oximas , Ratos , Receptores CCR5/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase (OGA) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to treat tau pathology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Beginning with carbohydrate-based lead molecules, we pursued an optimization strategy of reducing polar surface area to align the desired drug-like properties of potency, selectivity, high central nervous system (CNS) exposure, metabolic stability, favorable pharmacokinetics, and robust in vivo pharmacodynamic response. Herein, we describe the medicinal chemistry and pharmacological studies that led to the identification of (3aR,5S,6S,7R,7aR)-5-(difluoromethyl)-2-(ethylamino)-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-d]thiazole-6,7-diol 42 (MK-8719), a highly potent and selective OGA inhibitor with excellent CNS penetration that has been advanced to first-in-human phase I clinical trials.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , beta-N-Acetil-Hexosaminidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cães , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/sangue , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Macaca mulatta , Masculino , Células PC12 , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tauopatias/tratamento farmacológico , beta-N-Acetil-Hexosaminidases/química , beta-N-Acetil-Hexosaminidases/metabolismoRESUMO
The condensation of aldehydes and ketones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride results oximes in 50.7-98.7% yields in EtOH under ultrasound irradiation. Compared with conventional methods, the main advantages of the present procedure are milder conditions, shorter reaction time and higher yields.
RESUMO
An efficient and convenient approach to the synthesis of 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-9-aryl-1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives using p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as the catalyst (10 mol.%) under ultrasound irradiation is described. This method provides several advantages such as environment friendliness, high yields and simple work-up procedure. In addition, water was chosen as a green solvent.
RESUMO
Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes via electrophilic substitution reactions of indoles with aromatic aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by aminosulfonic acid was carried out in 23-96% yield at 30-38 degrees C in EtOH aqueous solution under ultrasound irradiation.
Assuntos
Indóis/química , Metano/química , Sonicação , Ácidos Sulfônicos/química , Catálise , Indóis/efeitos da radiação , Metano/efeitos da radiação , Ácidos Sulfônicos/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Titanium trichloride in EtOH can be reduced by Mg to the corresponding low valent titanium complexes, which can reduce some aromatic aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding pinacols in 8-95% yields within 15-40 min under ultrasound irradiation.
RESUMO
1,1-Disubstituted-2,6-diarylcyclohexane-4-ones have been synthesized via double Michael addition of 1,5-diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-one with various active methylene compounds such as dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, methyl cyanoacetate and ethyl cyanoacetate catalyzed by KF/basic alumina under ultrasound irradiation to give good yields within a short time.
RESUMO
Knoevenagel condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate with aromatic aldehyde catalyzed by KF-Al2O3 in ethanol results ethyl alpha-cyanocinnamates in 97-99% yield under ultrasound irradiation.
RESUMO
Claisen-Schmidt condensation of acetophenone with aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by pulverized KOH and KF-Al2O3 results chalcones in 52-97% and 83-98% yields respectively in alcoholic solvent under ultrasound irradiation.
Assuntos
Chalcona/análogos & derivados , Chalcona/síntese química , Ultrassonografia , Aldeídos/química , Óxido de Alumínio/química , Catálise , Hidróxidos/química , Compostos de Potássio/químicaRESUMO
The Michael reaction of chalcones as acceptors with various active methylene compounds such as diethyl malonate, nitromethane, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetoacetate and acetylacetone as donors catalyzed by KF/basic alumina results in adducts in high yield within a shorter time under ultrasound irradiation.
RESUMO
The condensation of aldehydes, beta-keto esters and urea catalyzed by NH(2)SO(3)H in ethanol results dihydropyrimidinones in high yields under ultrasound irradiation.
RESUMO
Synthesis of 2-aroyl-1,3,5-triaryl-4-carbethoxy-4-cyanocyclohexanols from chalcones with ethyl cyanoacetate is carried out in excellent yields with KF/basic alumina as catalyst under ultrasound irradiation.
RESUMO
A general and practical synthetic route to 2-amino-2-chromenes in water in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) as catalyst is described under ultrasound irradiation.
RESUMO
The redesign of the previously reported thiophene-3-yl-methyl urea series, as a result of potential cardiotoxicity, was successfully accomplished, resulting in the identification of a novel potent series of CCR5 antagonists containing the imidazolidinylpiperidinyl scaffold. The main redesign criteria were to reduce the number of rotatable bonds and to maintain an acceptable lipophilicity to mitigate hERG inhibition. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) that was developed was used to identify compounds with the best pharmacological profile to inhibit HIV-1. As a result, five advanced compounds, 6d, 6e, 6i, 6h, and 6k, were further evaluated for receptor selectivity, antiviral activity against CCR5 using (R5) HIV-1 clinical isolates, and in vitro and in vivo safety. On the basis of these results, 6d and 6h were selected for further development.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Benzoatos/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores CCR5 , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Fármacos Anti-HIV/síntese química , Fármacos Anti-HIV/química , Benzoatos/síntese química , Benzoatos/química , Células CHO , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Desenho de Fármacos , Células HEK293 , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , HIV-1/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imidazóis/síntese química , Imidazóis/química , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Imidazolidinas/química , Leucócitos Mononucleares/citologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/virologia , Modelos Químicos , Estrutura Molecular , Piperidinas/química , Receptores CCR5/genética , Receptores CCR5/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Based on the attrition rate of CCR5 small molecule antagonists in the clinic the discovery and development of next generation antagonists with an improved pharmacology and safety profile is necessary. Herein, we describe a combined molecular modeling, CCR5-mediated cell fusion, and receptor site-directed mutagenesis approach to study the molecular interactions of six structurally diverse compounds (aplaviroc, maraviroc, vicriviroc, TAK-779, SCH-C and a benzyloxycarbonyl-aminopiperidin-1-yl-butane derivative) with CCR5, a coreceptor for CCR5-tropic HIV-1 strains. This is the first study using an antifusogenic assay, a model of the interaction of the gp120 envelope protein with CCR5. This assay avoids the use of radioactivity and HIV infection assays, and can be used in a high throughput mode. The assay was validated by comparison with other established CCR5 assays. Given the hydrophobic nature of the binding pocket several binding models are suggested which could prove useful in the rational drug design of new lead compounds.