Metabolomics analysis reveals the responses of tea plants to excessive calcium.

BACKGROUND: The proper growth and development of tea plants requires moderately acidic soils and relatively low calcium levels, and excessive calcium at high pH can damage tea plant roots. To reveal the effects of calcium on the responses of tea plant to three pH levels (3.5, 5.0 and 6.5), a repeated test of two factors was designed. RESULTS: Root growth and elemental analysis indicated that excessive calcium improved the growth of tea roots at low pH conditions, whereas it did not harm the growth of tea roots under normal and high pH conditions, especially at pH 6.5. Excessive calcium antagonized the absorption and utilization of magnesium by tea plants. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that the addition of Ca2+ resulted in the primary metabolism in roots being more active at a low pH level. By contrast, it had obvious adverse effects on the accumulation of root metabolites with high calcium treatment at normal or high pH. Differential metabolites identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry indicated that flavonoids demonstrated the largest number of changes, and their biosynthesis was partially enriched with excessive calcium at low and high pH conditions, whereas it was down-regulated under normal pH conditions. Kaempferol 3-(2'-rhamnosyl-6'-acetylgalactoside) 7-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-(6'-sinapoylsophorotrioside) and delphinidin 3-(3'-p-coumaroylglucoside) showed the greatest increase. The results of gene expression related to root growth and calcium regulation were consistent with root growth and root metabolism. CONCLUSION: The overall results demonstrated that high Ca concentrations further aggravate the detrimental effects of high pH to tea roots. However, it is interesting that excessive calcium reduced the harm of a low pH on tea root growth to some extent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Identification of predominant GNPTAB gene mutations in Eastern Chinese patients with mucolipidosis II/III and a prenatal diagnosis of mucolipidosis II.

Mucolipidosis II α/ß, mucolipidosis III α/ß, and mucolipidosis III γ are autosomal recessive disorders belonging to the family of lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficiency of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-phosphotransferase) localized in the Golgi apparatus, which is essential for normal processing and packaging of soluble lysosomal enzymes with initiating the first step of tagging lysosomal enzymes with mannose-6-phosphate (M6P). Mucolipidosis II and III are caused by mutations in the GNPTAB and GNPTG genes, and patients with these diseases are characterized by short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and developmental delay. In this study we report 38 patients with mucolipidosis II and III enrolled in Eastern China during the past 8 years. The diagnosis was made based on clinical characteristics and measurement of plasma lysosomal enzyme activity. Sanger sequencing of GNPTAB and/or GNPTG for all patients and real-time quantitative PCR were performed to confirm the diagnosis. In addition, 11 cases of prenatal mucolipidosis II were diagnosed based on measurement of the enzyme activity in amniotic fluid supernatant and genetic testing of cultured amniotic cells. Based on molecular genetic tests, 30 patients were diagnosed with mucolipidosis II α/ß, 6 were diagnosed with III α/ß and 2 were diagnosed with III γ. Thirty-seven different GNPTAB gene mutations were identified in 29 patients with mucolipidosis II α/ß and six patients with III α/ß. These mutations included 22 new mutations (p.W44X, p.E279X, p.W416X, p.W463X, p.Q802X, p.Q882X, p.A34P, p.R334P, p.D408N, p.D534N, p.Y997C, p.D1018V, p.L1025S, p.L1033P, c.88_89delAC, c.890_891insT, c.1150_1151insTTA, c.1523delG, c.2473_2474insA, c.2980_2983delGCCT, c.3094delA, and deletion of exon 9). Four new GNPTG gene mutations were identified (c.13delC, p.Y81X, p.G126R and c.609+1delG) in two mucolipidosis III γ patients. Among the 11 cases of prenatal diagnosis, four were mucolipidosis II fetuses, three were heterozygous, and the remaining four were normal fetuses. This study expands the mutation spectrum of the GNPTAB and GNPTG genes and contributes to specific knowledge of mucolipidosis II/III in a population from Eastern China.

Association between ADAMTS7 TagSNPs and the risk of myocardialinfarction.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Genome-wide association studies have revealed an association of ADAMTS7 polymorphisms with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, the role of ADAMTS7 polymorphisms on myocardial infarction (MI) risk remains poorly understood. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of ADAMTS7 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on individual susceptibility to MI. STUDY DESIGN: Genotyping of the four tagSNPs (rs1994016, rs3825807, rs4380028 and rs7173743) was performed in 232 MI cases and 661 control subjects using PCR-ligase detection reaction (LDR) method. The association of these four tagSNPs with MI risk was performed with SPSS software. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ADAMTS7 tagSNP rs3825807 exhibited a significant effect on MI risk. Compared with the TT homozygotes, the CT genotype (OR1.93, 95% CI1.30to 2.85, Pc=0.004) and the combined CC/CT genotypes (OR1.70, 95% CI1.16 to 2.50, Pc=0.028) were statistically significantly associated with the increased risk for MI. Further stratified analysis revealed a more significant association with MI risk among older subjects, hypertensives, non-diabetics and patients with hyperlipidaemia. Consistently, the haplotype rs1994016T-rs3825807C containing rs3825807 C allele exhibited increased MI risk (OR1.52, 95% CI1.10 to 2.10, p=0.010). However, we did not detect any association of the other three tagSNPs with MI risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding suggest that ADAMTS7 tagSNP rs3825807 contributes to MI susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. Further studies are necessary to confirm the general validity of our findings and to clarify the underlying mechanism for this association.

The association between pre-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism and myocardial infarction risk in a Chinese Han population.

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidences have shown that miRNAs are directly or indirectly involved in a variety of biological processes, and closely associated with diverse human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. SNPs locating within pri/pre-miRNA can affect miRNA processing and binding ability of target genes. MiR-27a, miR-26a-1 miR-100, miR-126 and miR-218 were reported to be associated with pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI). Here we aimed to evaluate the potential association of five polymorphisms in these pri/pre-miRNAs with individual susceptibility to MI in a Chinese Han population. METHODS: Genotyping was performed in 287 MI cases and 646 control subjects using polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method. The association of these SNPs with MI risk was performed with SPSS software. RESULTS: In a logistic regression analysis, we found that AG heterozygote (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21-0.76, Pa = 0.005) or AA homozygote (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22-0.75, Pa = 0.004) of pre-miR-27a rs895819 had a reduced susceptibility to MI in comparison with GG homozygote. Similarly, a reduced risk of MI was detected when the AG and AA genotypes were combined (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22-0.74, Pa = 0.003). However, no significant association between pri-miR-26a-1 pri-miR-100, pri-miR-126 and pri-miR-218 polymorphisms and MI risk was observed under the allelic and established genetic models. Further stratified analysis of pre-miR-27a rs895819 revealed a more significant association of AG + AA genotypes with MI risk among younger, male and smoking subjects. Interestingly, AG and AA genotypes of the rs895819 polymorphism conferred about 0.17 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L increase in HDL-C levels compared to GG genotype. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the pre-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism is associated with MI susceptibility in the Chinese Han population, which probably due to influence the HDL-C levels.

Tetrachloridometallate dianion-induced cucurbit[8]uril supramolecular assemblies with large channels and their potential applications for extraction coating on solid-phase microextraction fibers.

Q[8]-based porous materials were synthesized in the presence of [Md-blockCl4](2-) anions as structure inducers. The driving forces of the structure-directing effect of the [Md-blockCl4](2-) anions may be due to the ion-dipole interaction and hydrogen bonding between the [Md-blockCl4](2-) anions and ≡CH or ═CH2 groups on the backs of Q[8] molecules. Moreover, the tests of potential applications show that these porous materials can not only capture organic molecules through the cavity of Q[8] moieties but also adsorb larger organic molecules with different selectivities.

Cucurbit[n]uril-based coordination chemistry: from simple coordination complexes to novel poly-dimensional coordination polymers.

Cucurbit[n]urils are a family of molecular container hosts bearing a rigid hydrophobic cavity and two identical carbonyl fringed portals. They have attracted much attention in supramolecular chemistry because of their superior molecular recognition properties in aqueous media. This review highlights the recent advances and challenges in the field of cucurbit[n]uril-based coordination chemistry. It not only presents progress in the knowledge of such macrocyclic compounds, which range from simple to complicated architectures, but also presents new routes of synthesis and their advantages in hybrid porous solids. The concept of structure "inducer" for their structural design to achieve predictable structures and controlled pores is described. The large pore sizes and hydrophobic cavities of these compounds that lead to unprecedented properties and potential applications are also discussed.

Construction of cucurbit[7]uril based tubular nanochannels incorporating associated [CdCl4]2- and lanthanide ions.

There is intensive interest in the design of tubular channels because of their novel structures and various applications in a variety of research fields. Herein, we present a series of coordination-driven Q[7]-derived organic nanochannels using an anion-induced strategy under different acid concentrations. An advantage of this approach is that the tubular channels not only retain the original character of the parent macrocyclic receptors but also provide deep hydrophobic cavities possessing guest binding sites. Importantly, this study also emphasizes the efficiency of the macrocyclic receptors in providing a tubular hydrophobic cavity by directly stacking on top of one another with the anion-fixed and by acid control. The resulting combination of hydrogen bonding, C-H···Cl, and ion-dipole interactions helps to stabilize these supramolecular architectures. Such systems are both tunable and versatile and allow for interconvertibility in the construction of nanochannels based on these macrocyclic receptors.

[In vitro expression study of novel mutations in phenylalanine hydroxylase gene].

OBJECTIVE: To study the in vitro expression of 6 novel missense mutations (R270G, P275A, F121L, A156P, E183G, I324N) and a previously described R408Q mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene and explore the genotype-phenotype correlation through comparison of protein levels and residual enzyme activities. METHODS: Seven expression vectors containing PAH cDNA were constructed with a site-directed mutagenesis kit. The plasmids were extracted and sequenced to confirm the target mutations. pcDNA3.0 containing PAH cDNA was transfected into COS-7 cells and total proteins were extracted 48 h after transfection. The quantities of proteins and residual enzyme activities of the 7 mutants were assessed with the wild-type PAH gene as reference. RESULTS: Relative quantities of PAH proteins for R270G, P275A, F121L, A156P, E183G, I324N and R408Q were 10.5%, 56.6%, 54.3%, 8.7%, 8.5%, 67.3% and 85.4%, respectively. The residual enzyme activities were 7.7%, 27.6%, 19.0%, 10.4%, 9.1%, 50.6% and 40.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: PAH residual enzyme activities of 7 PAH mutants were all significantly reduced.

Perception of recurrent risk versus objective measured risk of ischemic stroke in first-ever stroke patients from a rural area in China: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Risk perception is critical to the formation of individual health prevention behaviors. A long-term accurate perception of stroke recurrent risks is imperative for stroke secondary prevention. This study aims to explore the level of recurrence risk perceptions and the influential factors of inaccuracy between perceived and objective risk in first-ever ischemic stroke patients from a rural area. METHODS: From May to November 2020, 284 first-ever ischemic stroke patients were conveniently recruited in a rural area of Henan Province, China. Perceived risk was measured based on self-reported using a numerical rating scale, whereas the objective risk was measured by the Essen Stroke Risk Score. Patients' perceived risk was compared with their objective risk and categorized as "Accurate," "Underestimated," and "Overestimated." The influencing factors of inaccuracy were further evaluated using multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: 46% of the participants underestimated their stroke risk, while 15.9% overestimated their risks. Patients who were younger (≤65 years), didn't worry about recurrent stroke, and had a low actual recurrent risk were more likely to underestimate their recurrent risk. Patients who were employed, had lower independence, and had greater anxiety were more likely to overestimate their recurrent risk. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of participants were unable to accurately perceive their own risk of stroke recurrence. Patients' age, working status, worry about recurrent stroke, actual recurrent risk, level of dependence, and anxiety played a role in perception inaccuracy. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The findings could help healthcare providers gain a better understanding of the level and accuracy of recurrence risk perceptions among first-ever stroke patients in the rural area. Future counseling on the perceived risk of stroke recurrence and individual objective risk assessment could be conducted to help patients better understand their risk of recurrence. Individualized risk communication and multidisciplinary teamwork can be developed to improve the accuracy of recurrence risk perceptions and health behaviors.

Variable phenotypes and outcomes associated with the MMACHC c.482G > A mutation: follow-up in a large CblC disease cohort.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterize the variable phenotypes and outcomes associated with the methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria type C protein gene (MMACHC) c.482G > A mutation in 195 Chinese cases with CblC disease. METHODS: We carried out a national, retrospective multicenter study of 195 Chinese patients with CblC disease attributable to the MMACHC c.482G > A variant either in a homozygous or compound heterozygous state. The control group consisted of 200 patients diagnosed with CblC disease who did not possess the c.482G > A mutation. Clinical features, including disease onset, symptoms, biochemical metabolites, gene mutation, and follow-up outcomes were reviewed and analyzed in detail. The median follow-up period spanned 3 years and 8 months, with a range of 1 year and 2 months to 12 years and 10 months. RESULTS: Among 195 patients carrying the c.482G > A variant, 125 (64.1%) cases were diagnosed by newborn screening (NBS), 60 (30.8%) cases were detected due to disease onset, and 10 (5.1%) cases were identified from sibling diagnoses. One hundred and seventeen (93.6%) individuals who were diagnosed by NBS, and nine patients who came from sibling diagnoses remained asymptomatic in this study. From 69 symptomatic patients of the c.482G > A group, more patients presented with later onset, and the top six common clinical symptoms at disease onset were developmental delay (59.4%), lower limb weakness and poor exercise tolerance (50.7%), cognitive decline (37.7%), gait instability and abnormal posture (36.2%), seizures (26.1%), and psychiatric and behavioral disturbances (24.6%). In the 159 symptomatic patients lacking c.482G > A variants, the most frequently observed clinical manifestations at disease onset included developmental delay (81.8%), lethargy and feeding difficulty (62.9%), lower limb weakness and poor exercise tolerance (54.7%), prolonged neonatal jaundice (51.6%), vomiting (47.2%), and seizures (32.7%). Before treatment, the levels of blood propionylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine ratio, and homocysteine in the c.482G > A group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in the non-c.482G > A group, while the concentration of urinary methylmalonic acid was slightly lower (P > 0.05). The degree of decline in the above metabolites after treatment in different groups significantly differed in both plasma total homocysteine values and urinary methylmalonic acid levels (P < 0.05). In patients carrying the c.482G > A variant compared with the non-c.428G > A group, there were markedly lower rates of mortality (0.5% vs. 2.0%) and developmental delay (20.5% vs. 65.5%). When compared with individuals diagnosed due to disease onset, those identified through NBS in either group exhibited a reduced proportion of disease onset (6.7% vs. 100% in the c.482G > A group, 54.4% vs. 100% in the non-c.482G > A group), lower mortality (0.0% vs. 1.7% in the c.482G > A group, 0.0% vs. 3.6% in the non-c.482G > A group), and had a higher percentage of patients exhibiting normal psychomotor and language development (99.3% vs. 33.3% in the c.482G > A group, 58.9% vs. 10.9% in the non-c.482G > A group). CONCLUSIONS: The c.482G > A variant in MMACHC is associated with late-onset and milder phenotypes of CblC disease. Patients with this mutation tend to have a relatively better response to hydroxocobalamin, better metabolic control, and more favorable neurological outcomes. NBS and other appropriate pre-symptomatic treatments seem to be helpful in early diagnosis, resulting in favorable clinical outcomes. Video Abstract (MP4 136794 kb).

catena-Poly[1,2,2-trimethyl-cyclo-pentane-1,3-diammonium [aluminate(III)-µ-(hydrogen phosphato)-µ-phosphato]].

In the title compound, {(C(8)H(20)N(2))[Al(HPO(4))(PO(4))]}(n), the Al(III) atom is coordinated by four O atoms from two HPO(4) (2-) and two PO(4) (3-) groups in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. Each AlO(4) unit shares four O atoms with four adjacent PO(4) units, leading to an anionic chain along [100]. The negative charge of the chain is compensated by doubly protonated camphoric amine cations. N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the cations and the anionic chains. O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present in the chain.

Dichloridobis[2-(1-hydrazinylideneeth-yl)pyrazine-κN(1)]zinc.

In the structure of the title complex, [ZnCl(2)(C(6)H(8)N(4))(2)], the Zn(II) atom has a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Two cis Cl(-) ions and four N atoms belonging to two different 2-(1-hydrazinylideneeth-yl)pyrazine ligands coordinate the Zn(II) atom, forming two five-membered Zn-N-C-C-N rings. The dihedral angle between the planes of these metallocycles is 88.13 (4)°. The organic ligands are essentially planar (r.m.s. deviations from planarity = 0.072 and 0.040 Å). Inter-molecular N-H⋯N and N-H⋯Cl inter-actions join the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional framework.

Study of the Subfamily Anabropsinae (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) in China V: Two new species of Anabropsis (Apteranabropsis) from Guangxi and phylogenetic analysis of the genus Anabropsis.

This paper is the fifth study of the subfamily Anabropsinae in China and contributes two new species from Guangxi, China, viz. Anabropsis (Apteranabropsis) multispinula sp. nov. (Chinese name: ) and Anabropsis (Apteranabropsis) shii sp. nov. (Chinese name: ). The paraproctal processes and male genitalia of Anabropsis (Apteranabropsis) tonkinensis Rehn, 1906 are illustrated. The entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of three species of Anabropsis were sequenced. The complete mitochondrial genomes of A. (Apteranabropsis) multispinula sp. nov., A. (Apteranabropsis) shii sp. nov. and A. (Apteranabropsis) guangxiensis were 16023 bp, 16087 bp and 16148 bp in length, respectively. Entire mitogenome and all protein-coding genes (PCGs) displayed high AT-content values. Besides A. (Pteranabropsis) carnarius and A. (Apteranabropsis) guangxiensis, other species of Anabropsis were not found repeated elements in the A+T-rich region. The phylogenetic relationships were constructed among nine samples of eight species of Anabropsis and two outgroups based on 13 PCGs using both Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML). The phylogenetic analysis did not support for the monophyly of subgenus Apteranabropsis. It's important to obtain more samples to derive accurate phylogenetic relationships.

Novel supramolecular assemblies based on coordination of samarium cation to cucurbit[5]uril.

In the present study, we introduce the coordination of samarium-Q[5] systems in the absence and presence of the third species, and the corresponding supramolecular assemblies are dependent upon the addition of the third species. In the absence of the third species, a samarium cation (nitrate salt) coordinates to a Q[5] molecule and forms a molecular bowl; in the presence of an organic molecule (hydroquinone), a one-dimensional polymer of ···Sm-Q[5]-Sm-Q[5]-Sm··· is formed through direct coordination of Sm cation to the portal carbonyl oxygens. In the presence of nickel cations (chloride salt), an infinite 1D supramolecular chain is constructed of samarium/cucurbit[5]uril molecular bowl through ion-dipole interaction and hydrogen binding; in addition, the stacking of the supramolecular chains forms a novel hexagonal open framework. Remarkably, in the presence of copper cations (chloride salt), Q[5]-based hexagonal netting sheets are constructed of 6-Q[5]-ring structures.

[Expression and regulation of androgen receptor in the androgen-independent conversion of prostate cancer cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and regulation of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells from androgen dependent to androgen independent. METHODS: LNCaP cells were cultured in charcoal-stripped serum for 6 months to establish androgen-independent celline (LNCaP-AI). Proliferation of LNCaP-AI was assayed by cell viability. Expression of AR mRNA and protein was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor IWR-1 and proteasome inhibitor lactacystin were used to investigate effects of Wnt and proteasome pathway on AR expression in LNCaP-AI. RESULTS: LNCaP-AI exhibit enhanced proliferation and up-regulated PSA expression compared with LNCaP. During androgen deprivation, AR mRNA was up-regulated in a short early stage and then declined to a stable level in LNCaP-AI compared with LNCaP, but AR protein kept in downward trend. The mRNA and protein expression of AR was decreased by IWR-1 treatment. AR protein but not mRNA was increased by lactacystin treatment. CONCLUSION: The androgen independent prostate cancer cell line was established by androgen deprivation, in which the protein expression of AR was dramatically decreased. mRNA and protein expression of AR in LNCaP-AI was related to Wnt signaling pathway and proteasome pathway. Increased Wnt signaling or decreased proteasome pathways contribute the decreased AR protein expression.

[Characteristics and Origin Analysis of Air Pollution During the Spring Festival in Linfen, Fenwei Plain].

In recent years, frequent haze episodes have resulted in the deterioration of air quality of the Fenwei Plain during winter and holidays. Besides coal combustion and industrial emissions, the topography and climate of the Fenwei Plain were also the main causes of the haze. The samples were collected in Linfen of Fenwei Plain during the Spring Festival from February 2 to February 13, 2019. The 13 elements(Li, Be, Ti, Rb, Sc, Y, La, Ce, Zr, V, Tl, U, and Sn) in PM2.5 were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Combined with the meteorological data, the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants and potential source analysis were evaluated by cluster analysis and backward trajectory. The average concentration of SO2 was 58.39 µg·m-3 during the sampling period, which exceeded the 24 h average mass concentration limit(50.00 µg·m-3) of national ambient air quality standard(GB 3095-2012). The average concentrations of O3, NO2, and CO was 52.15 µg·m-3, 29.02 µg·m-3, and 2.29 mg·m-3, respectively. The results showed that SO2 was the dominated pollutant. NO2 and CO were mainly affected by diffusion from urban areas. The backward trajectory analysis indicated that the basin topography of the Fenwei Plain may be the main cause of the haze. The analysis of potential source contribution function(PSCF) of soil sources showed that the potential dominated areas included Northern Shaanxi, southern Gansu and Southern Ningxia., which were mainly affected by the monsoon climate.

Porous coordination polymers of transition metal sulfides with PtS topology built on a semirigid tetrahedral linker.

Four novel porous metal sulfide coordination polymers, [M(tpom)S(x)(SH)(y)] x z(H(2)O) (metal-sulfide frameworks, denoted MSF-n, n = 1, Cd; 2, Mn; 3, Fe; 4, Co; x = 0, y = 2 for 1, 2, and 4 and x = 0.54, y = 1.46 for 3), were solvothermally prepared by using a quadridentate linker, tetrakis(4-pyridyloxymethylene)methane (tpom), in the presence of organic sulfur compound under an acidic conditions. MSF-n (n = 1-4) is isostructural and built upon the tetrahedral tpom linker and square planar MS(x)(SH)(y) unit, which form a binodal 4,4-connected porous framework with a 2-fold interpenetrated 4(2)8(4)-pts net. With rectangular pore channels of about 5 x 6 A(2) (interatomic distances between the nearest protruding H atoms across) running along both the crystallographic a and b directions, MSF-n possesses permanent porosity with a BET surface area of 575, 622, 617, and 767 m(2)/g for MSF-1, -2, -3, and -4, respectively, as estimated from N(2) adsorption measurements. MSF-n (n = 1-4) has hydrogen storage capacities of 1.03, 1.37, 1.29, and 1.58 wt % at 77 K and 1 atm, respectively, each corresponding to 2.0 H(2) molecules per unit cell. In addition, MSF-n (n = 1-4) can adsorb 24.1, 25.0, 21.6, and 24.1 wt % of carbon dioxide and 6.0, 6.1, 5.6, and 6.4 wt % of methane, respectively, at room temperature and 20 atm.

CircFOXO3 rs12196996, a polymorphism at the gene flanking intron, is associated with circFOXO3 levels and the risk of coronary artery disease.

CircFOXO3 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at circRNA flanking introns may change its back-splicing and influence circRNA formation. Here, we aimed to investigate the influence of the polymorphisms at the circFOXO3 flanking introns on individual susceptibility to CAD. A total of 1185 individuals were included in the case-control study. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, we determined that the rs12196996 G variant was significantly associated with increased CAD risk (OR = 1.36, P = 0.014). A similar trend of the association was observed in the recessive model (OR = 2.57, P = 0.003). Stratified analysis revealed a more significant association with CAD risk among younger subjects and non-smokers. Consistent with these results, the haplotype rs12196996G-rs9398171C containing rs12196996G allele was also associated with increased CAD risk (OR = 1.31, P = 0.013). Further investigation revealed that the rs12196996 GG genotype was associated with decreased circFOXO3 expression, but not linear FOXO3 levels. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence that the rs12196996 polymorphism at the circFOXO3 gene flanking intron is associated with CAD risk in the Chinese Han population, which is probably due to influence circFOXO3 levels.

Triazole derivatives and their antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities.

Malaria, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium especially by the most prevalent parasite Plasmodium falciparum, represents one of the most devastating and common infectious disease globally. Nearly half of the world population is under the risk of being infected, and more than 200 million new clinical cases with around half a million deaths occur annually. Drug therapy is the mainstay of antimalarial therapy, yet current drugs are threatened by the development of resistance, so it's imperative to develop new antimalarials with great potency against both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant malaria. Triazoles, bearing a five-membered heterocyclic ring with three nitrogen atoms, exhibit promising in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activities. Moreover, several triazole-based drugs have already used in clinics for the treatment of various diseases, demonstrating the excellent pharmaceutical profiles. Therefore, triazole derivatives have the potential for clinical deployment in the control and eradication of malaria. This review covers the recent advances of triazole derivatives especially triazole hybrids as potential antimalarials. The structure-activity relationship is also discussed to provide an insight for rational designs of more efficient antimalarial candidates.

Quinoline and quinolone dimers and their biological activities: An overview.

Quinoline and quinolone motifs which act as structural subunits of more complex natural products are ubiquitous in nature, and they are useful pharmacophores which play a pivotal role in drug development. Compared with the corresponding monomeric compounds, the dimers usually exhibited some unique properties, so dimers have caused great interests in recent years. Quinline and quinolone dimers possess various biological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, antimalarial and antitubercular activities, and some of them which are exemplified by piperaquine have already used in clinical practice. Numerous quinline and quinolone dimers have been synthesized and screened for their in vitro and in vivo biological activities, and some of them exhibited promising potency. Therefore, quinline and quinolone dimers have the potential for clinical deployment in the control and eradication of various diseases. This review covers the recent advances of quinline and quinolone dimers as bioactive substances. The structure-activity relationship was also discussed to provide an insight for rational designs of more active quinline and quinolone dimers.