The optimal intervention for preventing physical restraints among older adults living in the nursing home: A systematic review.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of restraint reduction programs for nursing home care providers in enforcing physical restraint on residents and identify the best strategies for such programs. DESIGN: Systematic Review. METHODS: We searched for randomized controlled trials published until February 2021 for systematic review. The systematic review captured multifactorial interventions, education and consultation measures, including nursing home residents' and care providers' results. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria. RESULTS: In all seven trials, the interventions were led by a nurse specialist or unit leader and targeted at care providers. Five of the restraint reduction programs effectively reduced the rate of physical restraint use; two increased knowledge of restraint reduction for care providers; and one each promoted positive attitudes and behaviours. Duration of at least 6 weeks significantly improved the knowledge of care providers.

[SRY gene analysis for a case with sex reversal syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanism of sex reversal in a 46,XY female patient. METHODS: Clinical data was collected. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured for G-banding chromosomal analysis and DNA extraction. Sex-determining region of Y-chromosome (SRY) gene was analyzed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing . RESULTS: Although the patient has a female appearance, he has a karyotype of 46,XY. The SRY gene can be detected in all samples. The 6th base of SRY gene coding region was deleted, resulting in a frameshifting mutation and premature termination of protein translation. CONCLUSION: The sex reversal of the patient is probably due to abnormal embryonic development caused by the SRY gene mutation.

Identifying mRNAs bound by human RBMY protein in the testis.

Rbmy gene encodes a germ-cell specific nuclear RNA-binding protein and is involved in spermatogenesis. To further investigate the specific events of spermatogenesis in which Rbmy plays a role, the target mRNAs of human RBMY protein were isolated and identified. Through the isolating specific nucleic acids associated with proteins (SNAAP) technique, we isolated twenty potential target genes of human RBMY protein from the human testis in the present study. Some of these target genes play important roles during spermatogenesis and have alternative transcripts in the testis. In this study, we focused on the human- related (never in mitosis gene a) kinase 10 (Nek10) gene, which belongs to the Nek protein kinase subfamily. Nek10 has two transcripts, and the results of RT-PCR and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSA) show that hRBMY protein can only bind to transcript variant 2 of Nek10 and that hRbmy may take part in alternative splicing of Nek10. Isolation and identification of target genes of hRBMY will be helpful to further investigate the biological function of RBMY in spermatogenesis.

DAZL binds to 3'UTR of Tex19.1 mRNAs and regulates Tex19.1 expression.

Spermatogenesis is a complex process subject to strict controls at both levels of transcription and translation. It has been proposed that DAZL protein binds to RNA in the cytoplasm of germ cells and controls spermatogenesis. In male mice, loss of Dazl results in numerous defects throughout the mitotic and meiotic process of germ cell development. Tex19.1 also plays an important role during spermatogenesis and Tex19.1(-/-) knockout males exhibit impaired spermatogenesis. Mouse DAZL protein can bind to 3'UTR of mTex19.1 mRNAs and may repress mTex19.1 expression at the translational level. These have been confirmed by both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and translation assay in Zebrafish embryo detecting the luciferase activity. Taken together these data suggest that mDazl may regulate mTex19.1 expression through binding to 3'UTR of mTex19.1 mRNAs in germ cells.

Effects of anti-leukemia drug Harringtonine on the levels of centromere proteins and gene expression of CenpB in L1210 cells.

In this study, we investigated the effects of the anti-leukemia drug Harringtonine (HT) on the levels of centromere proteins and gene expression of centromere protein CenpB in L1210 cells. The intensity of centromere fluorescence, shown by indirect immunofluorescence staining, decreased with HT treatment. Western blot showed that the anti-centromere antibody (ACA) serum used in this study recognized 8 proteins with different molecular weights: 140, 80, 70, 56, 37, 34, 32 and 17 kD. The amounts of some of these proteins were reduced to different extents by HT treatment. The ACA antibodies that recognized the 17, 80 and 140 kD proteins in L1210 cells also cross-reacted with 3 proteins with similar molecular weights which are known to be CenpA, CenpB and CenpC, respectively. Northern and Dot blot analyses revealed that the level of CenpB mRNA in HT-treated cells was markedly lower than that in the untreated cells. These results suggest that HT may cause a decrease in the intracellular level of some centromere proteins, probably by inhibiting mRNA expression of corresponding genes. Moreover, it is possible that the cell-killing and appotosis-inducing effects of HT may be mediated by the inhibition of the expression of CenpB and other centromere protein genes.

Association of Toll-like receptor 2 polymorphisms with gout.

Gout is the most common autoinflammatory arthritis characterized by elevated serum urate and recurrent attacks of intra-articular crystal deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) in tissues. The pathogenesis of gout has not been fully determined, although certain genetic factors are involved in the development of gout. Accumulated data suggested that MSU crystal-induced inflammation is a paradigm of innate immunity. As Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the underlying mechanisms of the innate immune response, the present study aimed to investigate whether TLR2 polymorphisms are associated with gout. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln, rs5743708) in TLR2 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and the -196 to -174 del polymorphism was investigated using the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in 431 individuals (215 patients with gout and 216 healthy controls). TLR2 Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln genotyping indicated that all the positive samples were of the wild-type genotype. No significant differences in genotype (χ2=1.686, P=0.430) and allele (χ2=1.430, P=0.232) frequencies of the -196 to -174 del polymorphism between the patients with gout and the control groups was observed. Our results suggested that the TLR2 Arg677Trp, Arg753Gln and the -196 to -174 del polymorphisms were not associated with susceptibility to primary gouty arthritis.

Screening of multiple myeloma by polyclonal rabbit anti-human plasmacytoma cell immunoglobulin.

Antibody-based immunotherapy has been effectively used for tumor treatment. However, to date, only a few tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or therapeutic targets have been identified. Identification of more immunogenic antigens is essential for improvements in multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosis and therapy. In this study, we synthesized a polyclonal antibody (PAb) by immunizing rabbits with whole human plasmacytoma ARH-77 cells and identified MM-associated antigens, including enlonase, adipophilin, and HSP90s, among others, via proteomic technologies. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that 200 µg/mL PAb inhibits the proliferation of ARH-77 cells by over 50% within 48 h. Flow cytometric assay indicated that PAb treatment significantly increases the number of apoptotic cells compared with other treatments (52.1% vs. NS, 7.3% or control rabbit IgG, 9.9%). In vivo, PAb delayed tumor growth and prolonged the lifespan of mice. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay showed that PAb also induces statistically significant changes in apoptosis compared with other treatments (P<0.05). We therefore conclude that PAb could be used for the effective screening and identification of TAA. PAb may have certain anti-tumor functions in vitro and in vivo. As such, its combination with proteomic technologies could be a promising approach for sieving TAA for the diagnosis and therapy of MM.