Ion-Engineered Clay Nanozyme via Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling for Enhanced Tumor Therapy.

Metal ions show tremendous promise for tumor therapy due to their critical roles in many important catalytic circulations and immune processes. However, the valence state variability and systemic side-effects of metal ions cause ineffective ion enrichment in tumor cells, which limit their further application. Here, a Mn3+ ion delivery system (Mn-HNT) is constructed based on halloysite nanotubes (HNT) via an ion-engineered strategy. Due to the stabilizing effect of HNT on Mn3+ ions, Mn-HNT not only maintained the valence state of Mn3+ ions, but also presented strong catalase (CAT)- and glutathione oxidase (GSHOx)-like catalytic activity to catalyze O2 generation and GSH consumption to relieve the inhibition of tumor microenvironment on photodynamic therapy (PDT). After further coordination with the photosensitizer porphyrin (TCPP), obtained TCPP-Mn-HNT not only inherited the catalytic properties of Mn-HNT to produce oxygen and consume GSH, but acted as photosensitizer for ROS accumulation to effectively destroy tumor cells. Moreover, TCPP-Mn-HNT can promote the maturation of dendritic cells (≈2.8 times), and present the tumor antigen triggered by PDT to T cells to strengthen high-efficient tumor therapy. The study provides new opportunities for designing metal ion delivery system with versatile biofunctions and offers a paradigm of synergistic metal-ion-mediated tumor therapy.

Investigating the Structure-property Relationships of Two Cd-based Hybrid Multifunctional Compounds with High Tc, Bright Fluorescence and Wide Band-gap.

Organic-inorganic hybrid multifunctional materials have shown significant application in lighting and sensor fields, owing to their prominent performance and diversity structures. Herein, we synthesized two multifunctional compounds: (propyl-quinuclidone)2 CdBr4 (1) and (F-butyl-quinuclidone)2 CdBr4 (2). By introducing light-emitting organic cation with flexible long chain, 1 and 2 exhibit excellent transition properties and bright blue-white fluorescence. Then, combine fluorescence lifetime and first-principal calculation, providing evidence for the electron transfer emission. Subsequently, investigated the impact of substituent carbon chain length (methyl to butyl), structural rigidity (C-C to C-F) and halide framework (Cl to I) on the fluorescence properties. Results indicate that Cd⋅⋅⋅Cd distance and structural rigidity play an important role in fluorescence. Overall, our research provides valuable insight and example for chemical modifications enhance compound performance.

Right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling ratio derived from 3-dimensional echocardiography predicts outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease (CTD) that is an important cause of devastating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and persistent progression of PAH can lead to right heart failure, predicting a poor prognosis for SLE patients. Right ventricular-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) coupling with echocardiography has been demonstrated to be a noninvasive alternative method for evaluating PAH patients' predictive outcomes. Whether the ratio of right ventricular stroke volume (RVSV) to right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) measured by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is a new index of RV-PA coupling has not been discussed as a new predictor for the clinical outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SLE-PAH). METHODS: From June 2019 to February 2023, 46 consecutive patients with SLE-PAH were enrolled prospectively, and their clinical data and echocardiographs were studied and analyzed. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and body surface area (BSA). The main endpoints of this study were a composite of all-cause mortality and adverse clinical events. Baseline clinical characteristics and echocardiographic assessments were analyzed. RESULTS: During a median of 24 months (IQR 18-31), 16 of 46 SLE-PAH patients (34.7%) experienced endpoint-related events. At baseline, patients who experienced mortality or adverse events had a worse WHO functional class (WHO FC) and lower anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels. The right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction in SLE-PAH subjects was significantly worse than that in the healthy control group, especially in SLE-PAH patients in the endpoint event group. Compared to controls, patients with SLE-PAH had a lower RVSV/RVESV ratio. In the group comparison, patients who had experienced an endpoint event had a sequentially worse ratio (1.86 (1.65-2.3) versus 1.30 (1.09-1.46) versus 0.64 (0.59-0.67), p < .001). There were statistically significant associations between the RVSV/RVESV ratio to routine RV systolic function and clinical parameters. The RVSV/RVESV ratio was negatively correlated with the WHO FC (r = -0.621, p < .001) and positively correlated with the anti-dsDNA level. The ROC curve showed that the optimal cutoff for RVSV/RVESV < 0.712 determined a higher risk of poor prognosis. Kaplan‒Meier survival curves showed that an RVSV/RVESV ratio >0.712 was associated with more favorable long-term outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The 3DE-derived SV/ESV ratio as a noninvasive alternative surrogate of RV-PA coupling was an eximious indicator for identifying endpoint events in SLE-PAH patients and can provide a diagnostic basis for clinical intervention.

Silver/Antimony-Base Multifunctional Double Perovskite with H/F Substitution Enhance Properties.

Two-dimensional double perovskites have experienced rapid development due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and diverse structural characteristics. However, the synthesis of high-performance multifunctional compounds and the regulation of their properties still lack relevant examples. Herein, we synthesized two multifunctional compounds, (C6H14N)4AgSbBr8 (1) and (F2-C6H12N)4AgSbBr8 (2), which exhibit high solid-state phase transition temperature, bistable dielectric constant switching, second harmonic generation (SHG), and bright emission. Through H/F substitution, the transition temperature increases and achieves a smaller band gap attributed to reduced interlayer spacing. Furthermore, we investigated the broad emission mechanism of the compounds through first-principles calculation and variable-temperature fluorescence, confirming the presence of the STE1 emission. Our work provides insight into the further development of multifunctional compounds and chemical modification that enhances compound properties.

ß-catenin mediates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension via glycolysis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic abnormalities and immune inflammation are deeply involved in pulmonary vascular remodelling and the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the regulatory mechanisms of glycolysis in macrophages are still elusive. Cumulative evidence indicates that ß-catenin plays a crucial role in metabolic reprogramming. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ß-catenin on macrophage glycolysis in PH. METHODS: LPS-induced BMDMs were generated via in vitro experiments. A monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH rat model was established, and the ß-catenin inhibitor XAV939 was administered in vivo. The role of ß-catenin in glycolysis was analysed. The degree of pulmonary vascular remodelling was measured. RESULTS: ß-catenin was significantly increased in both in vitro and in vivo models. In LPS-induced BMDMs, ß-catenin increased the levels of hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase (PFK), M2-pyruvate kinase (PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate (LA) and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and promoted PASMC proliferation and migration in vitro. XAV939 decreased the level of glycolysis and downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in vivo. MCT promoted pulmonary arterial structural remodelling and right ventricular hypertrophy, and XAV939 alleviated these changes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that ß-catenin is involved in the development of PH by promoting glycolysis and the inflammatory response in macrophages. Inhibition of ß-catenin could improve the progression of PH.

Exposure levels and determinants of placental polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Chinese pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of widely used chemicals and humans are exposed to them in their daily life. PBDEs exposure during pregnancy may have adverse effects on pregnant women and their fetuses. Nevertheless, limited information is available on the levels and determinants of PBDEs exposure in Chinese pregnant women. METHODS: The internal exposure levels of eight PBDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, and 209) in placental samples of 1280 pregnant women from Zunyi birth cohort were analyzed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. All PBDEs concentrations were lipid adjusted (ng/g lw). Determinants of exposure were assessed by multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: Eight PBDE homologues were quantifiable in more than 70% of the samples. The highest median concentrations were found for BDE-209 (2.78 ng/g lw), followed by BDE-153 (1.00 ng/g lw) and BDE-183 (0.93 ng/g lw). The level of ΣPBDEs ranged from 0.90 to 308.78 ng/g lw, with a median concentration of 10.02 ng/g lw. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age older than 30 years old (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.23), pre-pregnancy obesity (1.51; 1.08, 2.10), home renovation within 2 years (1.43; 1.08, 1.91), spending more time outdoors during pregnancy (0.70; 0.55, 0.89), high consumption of fish/seafood (1.46; 1.13, 1.90) and eggs (1.44; 1.04, 2.00), male infant sex (1.69; 1.18, 2.42) were associated with PBDEs exposure. CONCLUSION: The study population is generally exposed to PBDEs, of which BDE-209 is the dominant congener, indicating extensive application of products containing deca-BDE mixtures. Maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, home decoration, average outdoor time during pregnancy, fish, seafood, eggs consumption, and fetal sex were exposure-determinning factors. This study contributes to the knowledge on region-specific PBDEs contamination in pregnant women and related risk factors.

Recent advances in microfluidic technology of arterial thrombosis investigations.

Microfluidic technology has emerged as a powerful tool in studying arterial thrombosis, allowing researchers to construct artificial blood vessels and replicate the hemodynamics of blood flow. This technology has led to significant advancements in understanding thrombosis and platelet adhesion and aggregation. Microfluidic models have various types and functions, and by studying the fabrication methods and working principles of microfluidic chips, applicable methods can be selected according to specific needs. The rapid development of microfluidic integrated system and modular microfluidic system makes arterial thrombosis research more diversified and automated, but its standardization still needs to be solved urgently. One key advantage of microfluidic technology is the ability to precisely control fluid flow in microchannels and to analyze platelet behavior under different shear forces and flow rates. This allows researchers to study the physiological and pathological processes of blood flow, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of arterial thrombosis. In conclusion, microfluidic technology has revolutionized the study of arterial thrombosis by enabling the construction of artificial blood vessels and accurately reproducing hemodynamics. In the future, microfluidics will place greater emphasis on versatility and automation, holding great promise for advancing antithrombotic therapeutic and prophylactic measures.

What is the context? To study the mechanism of arterial thrombosis, including the platelet adhesion and aggregation behavior and the coagulation process.Microfluidic technology is commonly used to study thrombosis. Microfluidic technology can simulate the real physiological environment on the microscopic scale in vitro, with high throughput, low cost, and fast speed.As an innovative experimental platform, microfluidic technology has made remarkable progress and has found applications in the fields of biology and medicine.What is new? This review summarizes the different fabrication methods of microfluidics and compares the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Recent developments in microfluidic integrated systems and modular microfluidic systems have led to more diversified and automated microfluidic chips in the future.The different types and functions of microfluidic models are summarized. Platelet adhesion aggregation and coagulation processes, as well as arterial thrombus-related shear force changes and mechanical behaviors, were investigated by constructing artificial blood vessels and reproducing hemodynamics.Microfluidics can provide a basis for the development of personalized thrombosis treatment strategies. By analyzing the mechanism of action of existing drugs, using microfluidic technology for high-throughput screening of drugs and evaluating drug efficacy, more drug therapy possibilities can be developed.What is the impact?This review utilizes microfluidics to further advance the study of arterial thrombosis, and microfluidics is also expected to play a greater role in the biomedical field in the future.

miR-132-3p regulates antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells by directly targeting CD55.

The overexpression of membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs) on tumour cells helps them survive complement attacks by suppressing antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Consequently, mCRP overexpression limits monoclonal antibody drug immune efficacy. CD55, an mCRP, plays an important role in inhibiting antibody-mediated CDC. However, the mechanisms regulating CD55 expression in tumour cells remain unclear. Here, the aim was to explore CD55-targeting miRNAs. We previously constructed an in vitro model comprising cancer cell lines expressing α-gal and serum containing natural antibodies against α-gal and complement. This was used to simulate antibody-mediated CDC in colon cancer cells. We screened microRNAs that directly target CD55 using LoVo and Ls-174T colon cell lines, which express CD55 at low and high levels, respectively. miR-132-3p expression was dramatically lower in Ls-174T cells than in LoVo cells. miR-132-3p overexpression or inhibition transcriptionally regulated CD55 expression by specifically targeting its mRNA 3'-untranslated regions. Further, miR-132-3p modulation regulated colon cancer cell sensitivity to antibody-mediated CDC through C5a release and C5b-9 deposition. Moreover, miR-132-3p expression was significantly reduced, whereas CD55 expression was increased, in colon cancer tissues compared to levels in adjacent normal tissues. CD55 protein levels were negatively correlated with miR-132-3p expression in colon cancer tissues. Our results indicate that miR-132-3p regulates colon cancer cell sensitivity to antibody-mediated CDC by directly targeting CD55. In addition, incubating the LoVo human tumour cell line, stably transfected with the xenoantigen α-gal, with human serum containing natural antibodies comprises a stable and cheap in vitro model to explore the mechanisms underlying antibody-mediated CDC.

PRDX6-mediated pulmonary artery endothelial cell ferroptosis contributes to monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening cardiopulmonary disorder whose underlying pathogenesis is unknown. Our previous study showed that pulmonary endothelial cell (PAEC) ferroptosis is involved in the progression of PH by releasing High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and activating Toll-like receptor 4/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (TLR4/NLRP3) inflammasome signalling. The precise mechanisms that regulate ferroptosis in PH are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) on PAEC ferroptosis in PH. METHODS: A rat model of PH was established with monocrotaline (MCT), and the distribution and expression of PRDX6 in the pulmonary artery were examined. Lentiviral vectors carrying PRDX6 (LV-PRDX6) were transfected into PAECs and injected into MCT-induced PH rats. Cell viability, MDA levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, labile iron pool (LIP) levels and mitochondrial morphology were examined. Ferroptosis-related proteins (NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1)), TLR4, NLRP3 inflammasome markers, HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines were examined. Pulmonary vascular remodelling and right ventricular structure and function were measured. RESULTS: PRDX6 was expressed in PAECs and was significantly decreased in PH. PRDX6 overexpression significantly inhibited ferroptosis in PAECs under PH conditions in vitro and in vivo, as indicated by increased cell viability, decreased MDA, ROS and LIP levels, inhibited mitochondrial damage, upregulated GPX4 and FTH1 expression, and downregulated NOX4 expression. PRDX6 overexpression attenuated pulmonary vascular remodelling and changes in right ventricle structure and function in MCT-induced PH rats. Moreover, PRDX6 overexpression prevented HMGB1 release by PAECs and decreased TLR4 and NLRP3 inflammasome expression and inflammatory cytokine release in macrophages, while RSL3, a specific activator of ferroptosis, reversed these effects. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these findings indicate that PRDX6 regulates PAEC ferroptosis through the release of HMGB1 and activation of the TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome signalling pathway, providing novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of PH.

High-Tc 1D Phase-Transition Semiconductor Photoluminescent Material with Broadband Emission.

One dimensional (1D) organic-inorganic halide hybrid perovskites have the advantages of excellent organic cation modifiability and diversity of inorganic framework structures, which cannot be ignored in the development of multi-functional phase-transition materials in photoelectric and photovoltaic devices. Here, we have successfully modified and synthesized an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite photoelectric multifunctional phase-transition material: [C7 H13 ONCH2 F]⋅PbBr3 (1). The synergistic effect of the order double disorder transition of organic cations and the change of the degree of distortion of the inorganic framework leads to its high temperature reversible phase-transition point of Tc =374 K/346 K and its ultra-low loss high-quality dielectric switch response. Through in-depth research and calculation, compound 1 also has excellent semiconductor characteristics with a band gap of 3.06 eV and the photoluminescence characteristics of self-trapped exciton (STE) broadband emission. Undoubtedly, this modification strategy provides a new choice for the research field of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite reversible phase-transition photoelectric multifunctional materials with rich coupling properties.

Excellent Switchable Properties, Broad-Band Emission, Ferroelectricity, and High Tc in a Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite: (4,4-DCA)2PbBr4 Exploited by H/F Substitution.

Switchable materials have gained significant attention due to their potential applications in data storage, sensors, and switching devices. Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites have demonstrated promising prospects for designing switchable materials, where the dynamic motion of the organic components coupled with the distortion of the inorganic framework provides the driving force for triggering multifunctional switchable properties. Herein, through the H/F substitution strategy, we report a polar 2D hybrid lead-based perovskite, (4,4-DCA)2PbBr4 (4,4-DCA = 4,4-difluorocyclohexylammonium) (1), which exhibits dual-stable behavior in a dielectric and second harmonic generation (SHG) response during the reversible phase transition process near the high Curie temperature Tc ∼ 409 K. The phase transition temperature is significantly increased by 41 K compared to the corresponding non-fluorinated (CHA)2PbBr4 (CHA = cyclohexylammonium). Remarkably, the material shows rare broad-band yellow emission under UV excitation, attributed to the induction of self-trapped exciton emission by the distortion of the [PbBr6]4- octahedra, as confirmed by the first-principles analysis. 1 also exhibited ferroelectricity with a saturation polarization value and a small coercive field. This study provides a new insight into the modification of multifunctional switchable materials through the H/F substitution strategy.

Characteristics of exposure to 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites among pregnant women: cohort of pregnant women in Zunyi, southwest China.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to elucidate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites exposure levels of pregnant women in the underdeveloped region of Zunyi, southwest China. METHODS: Sociodemographic information was collected via questionnaires, and urine samples were collected at the same time. A total of 3047 pregnant women participated in the study. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to detect the urine concentrations of 10 PAH metabolites. A generalised linear model (GLM) was used to identify predictive factors of PAH metabolites. RESULTS: All PAH metabolites had a detection rate greater than 60% (67.21%-90.57%) except for 4-OH-PHE at 55.54%. The median concentrations were 0.02-0.11 µg/g Cre except for 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 2-OH-FLU and 9-OH-FLU (0.36-0.50 µg/g Cre). The cluster analysis identified the phenanthrene and fluorene metabolite clusters (containing no other metabolites), while naphthalene metabolites (1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP) could not be clustered without other metabolites. GLM analysis identified that pregnant women with the following characteristics have high urinary concentration of PAH metabolites: overweight, in the last trimester of pregnancy, distance between their house and main traffic lines as <5 m, use fuel for cooking, passive smoking, renovated their residence for less than 3 years, middle family income and office workers. CONCLUSION: The results clarified pregnant women from the economically underdeveloped area could be the victims of PAHs. In addition, PAHs present a demographic and seasonal differential distribution, which will aid in the development of targeted interventions and reduce exposure to PAHs during pregnancy.

A novel porous hydroxyapatite scaffold (pHAMG) enhances angiogenesis and osteogenesis around dental implants by regulating the immune microenvironment.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to evaluate whether a novel porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold with a 25-30-µm groove structure (pHAMG) may improve bone osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and bone integration of titanium dental implants in animal models. METHODS: The pHAMG was prepared by chemical precipitation method and its elemental composition and crystal structure were evaluated. The ability of the scaffolds to induce ectopic osteogenesis and the ability of scaffolds combined with titanium dental implants to induce orthotopic peri-implant angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and osteointegration were tested after implantation into the femur muscle pocket in rats and the mandibular defects in beagle dogs, respectively. The elemental composition was evaluated by SEM-EDS; the expression of the relevant osteogenic/inflammation marker and the anti-/pro-inflammation markers was evaluated by immunostaining and immunofluorescence, respectively. RESULTS: In animal experiments with ectopic and peri-implant osteogenesis, pHAMG resulted in significantly larger neovascularization by hematoxylin-eosin staining, as well as deposition of collagen fibers by Masson staining than HA. Meanwhile, microgrooves in pHAMG upregulate more bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and interleukin-4 (IL-4) and -10 (IL-10) and downregulate more IL-1ß and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) than that in HA. The pHAMG showed greater expression of arginase (Arg)-1 and lower expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) than HA. CONCLUSION: The novel pHAMG can better repair bone defects in ectopic and orthotopic model. It also transfers macrophages to anti-inflammatory phenotypes, promoting angiogenic and osteogenesis in scaffolds, and bone integration in implants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The novel pHAMG induce greater osteogenesis and angiogenesis which could be utilized in the clinical treatment.

A Lightweight Recognition Method for Rice Growth Period Based on Improved YOLOv5s.

The identification of the growth and development period of rice is of great significance to achieve high-yield and high-quality rice. However, the acquisition of rice growth period information mainly relies on manual observation, which has problems such as low efficiency and strong subjectivity. In order to solve these problems, a lightweight recognition method is proposed to automatically identify the growth period of rice: Small-YOLOv5, which is based on improved YOLOv5s. Firstly, the new backbone feature extraction network MobileNetV3 was used to replace the YOLOv5s backbone network to reduce the model size and the number of model parameters, thus improving the detection speed of the model. Secondly, in the feature fusion stage of YOLOv5s, we introduced a more lightweight convolution method, GsConv, to replace the standard convolution. The computational cost of GsConv is about 60-70% of the standard convolution, but its contribution to the model learning ability is no less than that of the standard convolution. Based on GsConv, we built a lightweight neck network to reduce the complexity of the network model while maintaining accuracy. To verify the performance of Small-YOLOv5s, we tested it on a self-built dataset of rice growth period. The results show that compared with YOLOv5s (5.0) on the self-built dataset, the number of the model parameter was reduced by 82.4%, GFLOPS decreased by 85.9%, and the volume reduced by 86.0%. The mAP (0.5) value of the improved model was 98.7%, only 0.8% lower than that of the original YOLOv5s model. Compared with the mainstream lightweight model YOLOV5s- MobileNetV3-Small, the number of the model parameter was decreased by 10.0%, the volume reduced by 9.6%, and the mAP (0.5:0.95) improved by 5.0%-reaching 94.7%-and the recall rate improved by 1.5%-reaching 98.9%. Based on experimental comparisons, the effectiveness and superiority of the model have been verified.

Analysis of gut microbiota diversity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients.

BACKGROUND: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease. Recent studies have found that the gut microbiota may play an important role in inducing HT, but there are no systematic studies on the changes in the gut microbiota during the development of HT. METHODS: In this study, 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology in combination with the Kruskal-Wallis test, CCA/RDA analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and other statistical methods were used to analyze the effects of age, gender, hormones, and other environmental factors on gut microbiota by comparing the differences in the microbiota at different stages of HT development. RESULTS: The results showed that there were differences in the gut microbiota composition between healthy people (HCA) and in patients with HT. Lachnoclostridium, Bilophila, and Klebsiella were enriched in the HCA group, while Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacterium, Shuttleia, and Clostriworthdia were enriched in the HT group. Environmental factors analysis revealed that the Bifidobacterium and Klebsiella were two groups of bacteria that have undergone dramatic changes in HCA and HT, and mainly affected by gender. Romboutsia and Haemophilus regulated by the hormone of free triiodothyronine (FT3) may promote the development of HT, while Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae regulated by free thyroxine (FT4) may protect the host. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive studies have shown that gender is an important factor affecting gut microbial composition, but with the development of HT, hormones, age, and TSH begin to become dominant factors.

High-Tc Quadratic Nonlinear Optical and Dielectric Switchings in Fe-Based Plastic Crystalline Ferroelectric.

Plastic crystals, as a molecular material with multiple functions, have become a research hotspot in the exploration of new ferroelectric crystal compounds, especially due to their unique solid-solid phase transition properties. Based on this, we synthesized a new 0D organic-inorganic hybrid Fe-based plastic ferroelectric [(CH3)3NCH2CHCH2]FeCl4 (1), which has a high-temperature phase transition point of 393 K, obvious ferroelectric domains, and spontaneous polarization and has been tested by dielectric and piezoelectric power microscopy (PFM) and ultraviolet absorption (UV-vis). At room temperature, it crystallizes in the space group Cmc21 and has an obvious SHG switch. In addition, compound 1 also has an optical narrow band gap of 2.45 eV, indicating that compound 1 is a high-quality semiconductor material. This work advances the development of plastic ferroelectrics and provides an avenue for exploring the frequency-doubling response and optoelectronic properties of high-temperature plastic ferroelectrics.

Dynamic changes of viral load and the duration of viral shedding in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease: a protocol for longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: The duration of virus shedding is necessary for determining the infectious period. But there were few quantitative studies on the changes of viral load and the law of the viral shedding in hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients has not yet been clarified. METHODS: This study will prospectively recruit coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) infected inpatients from January 2022 to December 2022. A series of samples and questionnaire information will be collected regularly to establish the dynamic function relationship between time and viral load changes and a Bayesian multilevel model will be constructed to clarify the evolvement rules which reflect the dynamic changes of viral load and the duration of viral shedding in patients with HFMD. DISCUSSION: The results of this study is expected to further clarify the evolvement rules which reflect the dynamic changes of viral load and the duration of viral shedding in HFMD patients under the influence of related factors. It can also provide important evidence for the scientific definition of the infectious period and isolation period of HFMD in China.

Elevated NT-proBNP levels are associated with CTP ischemic volume and 90-day functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) on CTP infarct core volume and poor 90-day functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS: A total of 403 hospitalized patients with AIS in the Stroke Center of the First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University were enrolled from March 2018 to January 2021. The association between NT-proBNP and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic patients was assessed by logistic regression and adjusted for confounding factors. Also, subgroup analyses were conducted based on treatment decisions. RESULTS: NT-proBNP was positively correlated with CTP ischemic volume (p < 0.001), infarct core volume (p < 0.001), and ischemic penumbra volume (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the influence of NT-proBNP and functional outcomes were statistically significant in model 1 (p = 0.002). This phenomenon was persistent after adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index in model 2 (p = 0.011), adjusted for SBP, current smoking, family history of stroke, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus in model 3 (p < 0.001), and adjusted for TnI, D-dimer, PLT, Cr, TC, TG, HDL-C, treatment decisions, and NIHSS score in model 4 (p = 0.027). A high NT-proBNP was associated with a high 90-days mRS score among the total population, IV rt-PA, and standardized treatment groups, but not in IV rt-PA + EVT, EVT, and EVT/IV rt-PA + EVT groups. CONCLUSION: Elevated NT-proBNP levels reveal large CTP infarct core volume and poor 90-day functional outcome in AIS. NT-pro BNP is an independent risk factor for functional outcomes.

Relationship between meteorological factors, air pollutants and hand, foot and mouth disease from 2014 to 2020.

BACKGROUND: Meteorological factors and air pollutants have been reported to be associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics before the introduction of vaccine. However, there is limited evidence for studies with long-term dimensions. METHODS: We collected the daily HFMD counts, weather and air pollution data from 2014 to 2020 in Chengdu. Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) were used to assess the associations of meteorological factors and air pollutants on HFMD cases. RESULTS: From 2014-2020, high relative humidity and precipitation and extremely high and low levels of PM10, O3, SO2 and CO increased the risk of HFMD. In pre-vaccination period, extreme high and low temperatures, PM10 and NO2, low precipitation and high concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 significantly increase the risk of HFMD; In post-vaccination period, high relative humidity and low level of CO can significantly increase the incidence of HFMD; During the period of COVID-19, only low temperature will significantly increase the risk of HFMD; Low concentration of air pollutants has the greatest impact on the 6-14 age group, while the high concentration of air pollutants has the greatest impact on the 0-1 age group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggest that high relative humidity and precipitation and extremely high and low levels of PM10, O3, SO2 and CO increased the risk of HFMD from 2014 to 2020. The results of this study provide a reference for local authorities to formulate intervention measures and establish an environment-based disease early warning system.

Effect of Time Outdoors and Near-viewing Time on Myopia Progression in 9- to 11-year-old Children in Chongqing.

SIGNIFICANCE: We used an Akeso device to record the visual behavior of children with myopia in two learning modes. We found that online class mode may increase near-viewing time and reduce outdoor time compared with the traditional school mode and may be responsible for accelerating myopia progression. PURPOSE: We aimed to explore the effects of visual behavior in different learning modes on myopia progression among children 9 to 11 years old. METHODS: Forty-nine children were included and requested to use a wearable device to objectively record visual behavior in real time from November 2019 to November 2020; participants took online classes from mid-February to early May 2020 during this period. Data (including glasses-wearing time, outdoor time, and near-viewing time) were collected during two 14-day periods, which included the online class learning mode (March 2 to 15, 2020) and the traditional school mode (May 20 to June 2, 2020). Spherical equivalent refraction and axial length were obtained at baseline, at 6-month intervals, and 1 year later. RESULTS: Outdoor time during online class mode (median, 9.5 minutes; interquartile range, 0.75 to 48 minutes) was significantly lower than during the school mode (median, 29 minutes; interquartile range, 11.50 to 50 minutes; P < .001). The mean ± standard deviation of near-viewing time was significantly different between online class mode (396.58 ± 114.41 minutes) and school mode (376.52 ± 93.99 minutes; P = .007, F = 19.56). In comparison with the baseline examination (-2.33 ± 0.81 D), mean spherical equivalent refraction in oculus dexter corresponding to the 6-month examination was decreased (-2.94 ± 0.83 D, P = .001), indicating a significant increase in myopia during online class mode. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of the association of learning mode and myopia progression. Accelerated progression of myopia in online class mode may be related to increased near-viewing time and decreased time spent in outdoor activities.