RESUMO
The red fox, Vulpes vulpes (Canidae), is the most widely distributed terrestrial carnivore worldwide, but this species is classified as endangered in Korea. In this study, we developed 25 polymorphic microsatellite markers that included 3-13 (mean = 6.32) alleles per locus using 22 red fox individuals. The most polymorphic locus was FR(59)TG (13 alleles) and the least polymorphic loci were FR(70)TG and FR(182)AG (3 alleles each). No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05) was observed for the 25 markers. Observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosity varied from 0.182 to 1.000 and from 0.175 to 0.929, respectively. These newly developed microsatellite markers will be useful for investigating the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of V. vulpes and will aid in developing conservation strategies for this species.
Assuntos
Raposas/genética , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/veterinária , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Alelos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Heterozigoto , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterináriaRESUMO
We used next-generation sequencing to develop 9 novel microsatellite markers in Aconitum austrokoreense, an endemic and endangered medicinal plant in Korea. Owing to its very limited distribution, over-harvesting for traditional medicinal purposes, and habitat loss, the natural populations are dramatically declining in Korea. All novel microsatellite markers were successfully genotyped using 64 samples from two populations (Mt. Choejeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do and Ungseokbong, Gyeongsangnam-do) of Gyeongsang Province. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 7 per locus in each population. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.031 to 0.938 and from 0.031 to 0.697, respectively. The novel markers will be valuable tools for assessing the genetic diversity of A. austrokoreense and for germplasm conservation of this endangered species.
Assuntos
Aconitum/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Plantas Medicinais/genética , Alelos , DNA de Plantas/genética , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Genótipo , Humanos , Polimorfismo Genético , República da CoreiaRESUMO
The growing antler of 1-year-old red deer is an excellent system in which to study processes involved in "cartilage model" endochondral-type bone growth. Antlers grow from the tip, permitting the developmental sequences of bone formation to be studied as distance-dependent phenomena, in which early processes can be observed at the distal end, and later events are sequentially more proximal. Quantitative light microscope histochemical assays for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and phosphodiesterase I (PDE I) were used to determine the activities of these two phosphohydrolases in relation to antler mineralization and remodeling. Both enzymes were absent in proliferating young cartilage near the end, but progressively increased in activity in a proximal direction. ALP levels were maximal when mineralization was just beginning, whereas PDE I activity was greatest more proximally, where mineralization was more complete. This study provides strong indirect evidence that each of these enzymes has a function in mineralization, but that their roles are not identical.