Effect of spineless cactus [Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm Dyck] on nutrient intake, ingestive behaviour, and performance of lambs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of spineless cactus (SC) [Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm Dyck] on nutrient intake, ingestive behaviour, and performance of lambs in a feedlot. Thirty-two male (non-castrated) Santa Inês lambs with a mean initial body weight (BW) of 20.4 ± 2.60 kg were distributed across four levels of spineless cactus: zero, 24, 52, and 75% of total diet dry matter (DM). Over 56 days, the animals had their intake and performance monitored. The inclusion of SC influenced (p<0.05) in a quadratic way the dry matter intake and total digestible nutrients, but linearly decreased (p<0.05) the neutral detergent fiber intake. Drinking water intake decreased linearly (p<0.05) with the inclusion of SC in the diet. The inclusion of SC influenced (p<0.05) in a quadratic way the digestibility of organic matter in the diet. The increase in the level of SC in the diet increased linearly (p<0.05) the feeding and rumination efficiencies of the lambs. The maximum daily gain of 0.237 kg/day was achieved with 44% SC in the diet. It is recommended to include up to 40% of spineless cactus in the diet of lambs.

Perfil bioquímico sérico de bezerros de origem leiteira aleitados com dietas líquidas alternativas / Serum biochemistry profile of dairy calves fed with alternative liquid diets

O perfil metabólico é utilizado como monitoramento rotineiro para o diagnóstico de transtornos metabólicos, deficiências nutricionais e como preventivo de transtornos subclínicos, além da pesquisa de problemas de saúde e de desempenho de um rebanho. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes dietas líquidas contendo soro de queijo e colostro sobre os perfis dos metabólitos séricos de bezerros durante a fase de aleitamento. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros mestiços provenientes de rebanhos leiteiros da região, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e oito repetições: LI = Leite integral (controle); LS = 50% Leite integral + 50% de Soro de queijo in natura; SC = 70% de Soro de queijo in natura + 30% Colostro. Semanalmente foram coletadas amostras de sangue por punção jugular externa, no período da manhã, antes do fornecimento da dieta líquida e duas horas após a ingestão desta. As concentrações dos parâmetros séricos avaliados diferiram entre os tratamentos, porém sem comprometer o desempenho dos animais. Desse modo, a utilização de soro de queijo associado ao colostro apresenta-se como forma viável de redução de custos com aleitamento de bezerros, visto que possíveis déficits causados pelas diferenças nutricionais das dietas líquidas são supridos pelos alimentos sólidos, não afetando os perfis dos metabólitos séricos relacionados ao status protéico e energético.(AU)

Metabolic profile is used as routine monitoring for the diagnosis of metabolic disorders, nutritional deficiencies, and as a preventive of subclinical disorders, in addition to research health issues and performance of a herd. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different liquid diets containing whey cheese and colostrum on the serum biochemistry profile of calves. Twenty-four crossbred calves from dairy herds in the region, distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replicates: LI = Whole milk (control); LS = 50% Whole milk + 50% cheese whey in nature; SC = 70% of cheese whey in natura + 30% Colostrum. Weekly blood samples by jugular puncture were collected in the morning, before the supply of liquid diet and two hours after eating this. The serum concentrations of the evaluated parameters differ between treatments, but without compromising animal performance. Thus, the use of whey associated with colostrum presents itself as a viable cost reduction with feeding calves, since possible nutritional deficits caused by differences in liquid diets are supplied by solid food form, not affecting the profiles of the metabolites related to serum protein and energy status.(AU)