Reticular Heterojunction for Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor Detection of Neuron-Specific Enolase.

Reticular heterojunctions on the basis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have sparked considerable interest in recent research endeavors, which nevertheless have seldom been studied in optoelectronic biosensing. In this work, its utilization for organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) detection of the important cancer biomarker of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is reported. A MOF@COF@CdS quantum dots (QDs) heterojunction is rationally designed to serve as the photogating module against the polymeric channel. Linking with a sandwich complexing event, target-dependent alternation of the photogate is achieved, leading to the changed photoelectric conversion efficiency as indicated by the amplified OPECT signals. The proposed assay demonstrates good analytical performance in detecting NSE, featuring a linear detection range from 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 , with a detection limit of 0.033 pg mL-1 .

Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese children: A multicenter study from 2016 to 2023.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains to clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, levofloxacin, furazolidone, and tetracycline in Chinese children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted from January 2016 through May 2023. Gastric mucosa biopsies were obtained from pediatric participants who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at 96 hospitals in northern, southwestern, and southeastern China. The susceptibility of H. pylori to six commonly used antibiotics was determined by agar dilution method. RESULTS: Among the 3074 H. pylori isolates, 36.7% were resistant to clarithromycin, 77.3% to metronidazole, 16.6% to levofloxacin, and 0.3% to amoxicillin. No strains were detected to be resistant to furazolidone or tetracycline. During the 8-year study period, resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole showed a significant upward trend, while the resistance pattern of the other antibiotics demonstrated a slight but nonsignificant fluctuation. Significant regional differences were found in the distribution of clarithromycin resistance among the northern (66.0%), southwestern (48.2%), and southeastern (34.6%) regions. The metronidazole resistance rate was significantly lower in the southeastern coastal region (76.3%) than in the other two regions (88.2% in the north and 87.7% in the southwest). Multi-drug resistance for two or more antibiotics was detected in 36.3% of the H. pylori strains, and the predominant multi-resistance pattern was the dual resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole is rather high in Chinese children and has been increasing over time. A relatively high resistance rate to levofloxacin was also noticed in children, while almost all strains were susceptible to amoxicillin, furazolidone, and tetracycline. It will be of great clinical significance to continuously monitor the antibiotic-resistance patterns of H. pylori in the pediatric population.

First Evidence of the Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Tire Additives and Their Transformation Products in an Estuarine Food Web.

The discovery of the significant lethal impacts of the tire additive transformation product N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPD-Q) on coho salmon has garnered global attention. However, the bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of tire additives and their transformation products (TATPs) within food webs remain obscure. This study first characterized the levels and compositions of 15 TATPs in the Pearl River Estuary, estimated their bioaccumulation and trophic transfer potential in 21 estuarine species, and identified priority contaminants. Our observations indicated that TATPs were prevalent in the estuarine environment. Eight, six, seven, and 10 TATPs were first quantified in the shrimp, sea cucumber, snail, and fish samples, with total mean levels of 45, 56, 64, and 67 ng/g (wet weight), respectively. N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and N,N'-bis(2-methylphenyl)-1,4-benzenediamine (DTPD) exhibited high bioaccumulation. Significant biodilution was only identified for benzothiazole, while DPPD and DTPD displayed biomagnification trends based on Monte Carlo simulations. The mechanisms of bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of TATPs could be explained by their chemical hydrophobicity, molecular mass, and metabolic rates. Based on a multicriteria scoring technique, DPPD, DTPD, and 6PPD-Q were characterized as priority contaminants. This work emphasizes the importance of biomonitoring, particularly for specific hydrophobic tire additives.

Zinc finger protein 671 has a cancer-inhibiting function in colorectal carcinoma via the deactivation of Notch signaling.

Zinc finger protein 671 (ZNF671) has been described as a vital cancer inhibitor in multiple neoplasms, yet the functional roles of ZNF671 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remain unresolved. This project examined the possible link between ZNF671 and CRC. Lower levels of ZNF671 were observed in CRC tissue compared with noncancerous tissue, which were related to a worse survival rate in CRC patients. High methylation levels at the ZNF671 gene promoter region were shown in CRC tissue, which were inversely correlated with ZNF671 expression. Treatment with demethylation agents restored ZNF671 levels in CRC cell lines. Up-regulation of ZNF671 resulted in suppressive effects on the proliferative ability and metastatic potency of CRC cells. Moreover, the up-regulation of ZNF671 reinforced the chemosensitivity of CRC cells. A mechanism study determined ZNF671 to be a vital mediator of Notch signaling. The up-regulation of ZNF671 decreased the expression of Notch1 and lowered the levels of NICD, HES1, and HEY1. The overexpression of NICD1 diminished ZNF671-mediated antitumor effects. ZNF671 depletion reinforced Notch signaling, and Notch suppression reversed ZNF671-depletion-elicited protumor effects. Moreover, the overexpression of ZNF671 weakened the tumorigenicity of CRC cells in a xenograft model in vivo. In summary, ZNF671 exerts a cancer-inhibiting function in CRC via the deactivation of Notch signaling. Low ZNF671 levels caused by gene promoter hypermethylation contribute to the malignant transformation of CRC. This work underlines the interest of ZNF671 as a target candidate for exploiting novel anti-CRC therapies.

Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Organophosphate Flame Retardants and Their Metabolites in the Estuarine Food Web of the Pearl River, China.

The accumulation and trophodynamics of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and their metabolites were investigated in the estuarine food web of the Pearl River, China. The mean ∑OPFR concentration among the investigated species increased in the following order: fish [431 ± 346 ng/g lipid weight (lw)] < snail (1310 ± 621 ng/g lw) < shrimp (1581 ± 1134 ng/g lw) < crab (1744 ± 1397 ng/g lw). The di-alkyl phosphates (DAPs) of di-(n-butyl) phosphate (DNBP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were the most abundant metabolites, with concentrations same as or even higher than their corresponding parent compounds. The log bioaccumulation factors for most OPFRs were lower than 3.70, and significant biomagnification was only found for trisphenyl phosphate [TPHP, with the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) > 1]. The TMFs of OPFRs, except for TPHP and tributyl phosphate had a positive correlation with lipophilicity (log KOW, p ≤ 0.05) and a negative correlation with the biotransformation rate (log KM, p ≤ 0.05). The mean TMF > 1 was observed for all of the OPFR metabolites based on the bootstrap regression method. The "pseudo-biomagnification" of OPFR metabolites might be attributed to the biotransformation of OPFRs in organisms at high trophic levels.

Role of Gastrointestinal Microbiota from Crucian Carp in Microbial Transformation and Estrogenicity Modification of Novel Plastic Additives.

Ingestion is a major exposure route for hydrophobic organic pollutants in fish, but the microbial transformation and estrogenic modification of the novel plastic additives by the gut microbiota of fish remain obscure. Using an in vitro approach, we provide evidence that structure-related transformation of various plastic additives by the gastric and intestinal (GI) microbiota from crucian carp, with the degradation ratio of bisphenols and triphenyl phosphate faster than those of brominated compounds. The degradation kinetics for these pollutants could be limited by oxygen and cometabolic substrates (i.e., glucose). The fish GI microbiota could utilize the vast majority of carbon sources in a Biolog EcoPlate, suggesting their high metabolic potential and ability to transform various organic compounds. Unique microorganisms associated with transformation of the plastic additives including genera of Citrobacter, Klebsiella, and some unclassified genera in Enterobacteriaceae were identified by combining high-throughput genetic analyses and metagenomic analyses. Through identification of anaerobic transformation products by high-resolution mass spectrometry, alkyl-cleavage was found the common transformation mechanism, and hydrolysis was the major pathway for ester-containing pollutants. After anaerobic incubation, the estrogenic activities of triphenyl phosphate and bisphenols A, F, and AF declined, whereas that of bisphenol AP increased.

Sonic hedgehog promotes synovial inflammation and articular damage through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in experimental arthritis.

Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in synovial inflammation and joint destruction of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The mechanisms by which sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling promotes RA FLS-mediated chronic inflammation and tissue damage are not fully understood. The present study aims to determine the role of SHH signaling in the pathogenesis of RA and to explore the potential mechanism(s). We found that the components of SHH signaling were highly expressed in FLS and synovial tissue from patients with RA and in the joint tissue of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Overexpression of SHH aggravated the synovial inflammation and joint destruction of CIA and exacerbated cartilage degradation in the cartilage and RA FLS-engrafted severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) model. Conversely, inhibition of SHH signaling significantly alleviated arthritis severity and reduced cartilage destruction caused by the invasion of RA FLS in vivo. Moreover, we found that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade was regulated by SHH signaling in RA FLS and the level of phospho-p38 in the joint tissue of CIA was decreased after blockade of SHH signaling. Inhibition of p38 MAPK abolished the effect of SHH overexpression on synovial inflammation and articular destruction of CIA and suppressed the aggressive properties of RA FLS, which were promoted by SHH agonist. In conclusion, our study suggests that SHH signaling aggravates synovial inflammation and joint destruction of experimental arthritis and promotes the abnormal behavior of RA FLS in a p38-dependent manner. SHH-p38 MAPK signaling could be a potential target for the treatment of RA.

Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (NBFRs) in a Tropical Marine Food Web from the South China Sea: The Influence of Hydrophobicity and Biotransformation on Structure-Related Trophodynamics.

The increasing discharge and ubiquitous occurrence of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in aquatic environments have initiated intense global concerns; however, little information is available regarding their structure-related trophodynamics in marine food webs. In this study, a tropical marine food web including 29 species (18 fish and 11 invertebrate species) was collected from coral reef waters of the Xisha Islands, the South China Sea, for an analysis of 11 representative NBFRs. The mean ∑NBFR concentrations generally increased in the following sequence: sea cucumbers (0.330 ng/g lw) < crabs (0.380 ng/g lw) < shells (2.10 ng/g lw) < herbivorous fishes (2.30 ng/g lw) < carnivorous fishes (4.13 ng/g lw), with decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and hexabromobenzene (HBB) as the predominant components. Trophic magnification was observed for all of the investigated NBFRs, with trophic magnification factors (TMFs) ranging from 1.53 (tetrabromobisphenol A bis(dibromopropyl ether)) to 5.32 (HBB). Significant negative correlations were also found between the TMFs and the tested in vitro transformation clearance rates (CLin vitro) for the target NBFRs except for bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate (TBPH) (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that the transformation rate is a more powerful predictor for TMFs than the hydrophobicity of NBFRs in this marine food web.

Life cycle assessment of heavy metal contaminated sites: phytoremediation and soil excavation.

Phytoextraction by native Taiwanese chenopod (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) for heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) was reported first. Maximum bioconcentration factors of Cu and Cr were 8.8 and 12.5 by Taiwanese chenopod. Napier grass cultivar Taishi No.4 plants demonstrated higher survivals than that of Taiwanese chenopod, under heavy metal stress in soils. All heavy metal accumulation and biomass data were employed, as well as historical engineering data were collected for conventional excavation-and-refill remediation of two sites. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for comparing environmental performances of phytoextraction and conventional remediation for two contaminated sites. Assuming one-year growth, three harvests were done and biomass was collected and sent to the nearest municipal incinerators, phytoextraction by both plants demonstrated superior environmental performances than conventional methods for contaminated site remediation. High quantities of fuels to haul the soils of conventional methods mainly contributed to the greenhouse gas emission. Phytoextraction has the most advantages for sites with lesser extents of pollution and time restraints. Environmental performances of phytoremediation were even better if energy recovered from biomass incineration is counted. Novelty statement Phytoextraction by native Taiwanese chenopod and Napier grass was firstly reported. Life cycle assessment was conducted for comparing the phytoextraction and conventional remediation. Phytoextraction demonstrated superior environmental performances. Energy reutilization of biomass recovered made phytoremediation more sustainable.

Mannose Receptor-Mediated Carbon Nanotubes as an Antigen Delivery System to Enhance Immune Response Both In Vitro and In Vivo.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are carbon allotropes consisting of one, two, or more concentric rolled graphene layers. These can intrinsically regulate immunity by activating the innate immune system. Mannose receptors (MR), a subgroup of the C-type lectin superfamily, are abundantly expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells. These play a crucial role in identifying pathogens, presenting antigens, and maintaining internal environmental stability. Utilizing the specific recognition between mannose and antigen-presenting cells (APC) surface mannose receptors, the antigen-carrying capacity of mannose-modified CNTs can be improved. Accordingly, here, we synthesized the mannose-modified carbon nanotubes (M-MWCNT) and evaluated them as an antigen delivery system through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, M-MWCNT carrying large amounts of OVA were rapidly phagocytized by macrophages and promoted macrophage proliferation to facilitate cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6) secretion. In vivo, in mice, M-MWCNT induced the maturation of dendritic cells and increased the levels of antigen-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b), and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6). Taken together, M-MWCNT could induce both humoral and cellular immune responses and thereby can be utilized as an efficient antigen-targeted delivery system.

Characteristics of expanded polystyrene microplastics on island beaches in the Pearl River Estuary: abundance, size, surface texture and their metals-carrying capacity.

While expanded polystyrene (EPS) microplastics have been widely recognized as one of the most important components of plastic litter in the intertidal zones of the global ocean, our understanding of their environmental fate on island beaches is insufficient. In this study, we intended to reveal that the latest EPS microplastic pollution status on 5 island beaches in the Pearl River Estuary, China, by comprehensively assessing the abundance, distribution, size, surface texture and carrying capacity of heavy metals (Cd, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Mn, Fe, Al). High level of EPS microplastic abundance ranged from 328 to 82,276 particles m-2 was found, with the highest abundance at Guishan Island and the lowest at Dong'ao Island. Spatial distribution of EPS microplastic abundance was significantly different among different islands. EPS microplastics in the size range of 1-2 mm were the most abundant. The content of heavy metals in EPS microplastics collected on the beaches was greater than that in the new EPS products. The average concentrations of heavy metals in EPS microplastics from 5 islands are Cd (0.27 ± 0.19 µg g-1), As (5.50 ± 3.84 µg g-1), Cr (14.9 ± 8.25 µg g-1), Cu (15.0 ± 7.66 µg g-1), Ni (17.2 ± 17.6 µg g-1), Pb (24.8 ± 7.39 µg g-1), Mn (730 ± 797 µg g-1), Fe (8340 ± 4760 µg g-1), and Al (9624 ± 6187 µg g-1), respectively. The correlation between heavy metals in EPS microplastics and sediments was better than that between heavy metals in EPS microplastics and seawater. The study results indicated that EPS microplastics could act as a carrier for the transport of heavy metals, which might pose a threat to biological and human health.

Comparison of low-level light therapy and combination therapy of 5% minoxidil in the treatment of female pattern hair loss.

This study was conducted in order to compare the safety and efficacy of LLLT, 5% minoxidil, and combination therapy in the treatment of FPHL. A randomized controlled trial was developed to study the effect of LLLT on FPHL using a device called iHelmet®, which is equipped with 200 5mW laser diode source (650 nm) arrays. Ninety Ludwig's types II-III FPHL patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: LLLT group (A), 5% minoxidil group (B), and combination group(C). Hair density, hair diameter, and scalp oil-secretion were detected to evaluate the treatment effect. Significant improvement of hair density and hair diameter was observed in all stages of FPHL after treatment. Oil-secretion of the three groups was decreased after treatment. The effectiveness of reducing oil-secretion in LLLT group and combination group was higher than minoxidil group (P < 0.05). For improving hair diameter and hair density, combination group was better than LLLT and minoxidil groups. No side effects were reported. Our study illustrated that LLLT is a safe and effective treatment for FPHL. Besides, LLLT can significantly improve its efficacy when used in combination with 5% minoxidil.

Uptake, Elimination, and Biotransformation Potential of a Progestagen (Cyproterone Acetate) in Tilapia Exposed at an Environmental Concentration.

Although the distribution of progestagens in aquatic environments has been widely reported, details on their uptake, elimination, and biotransformation in fish have received little attention. This study investigated the uptake, elimination, and biotransformation potential of a progestagen, cyproterone acetate (CPTA), in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration under semistatic regimes. CPTA in tilapia tissues followed a similar pattern, reaching a concentration plateau within 4 days of exposure, and dropping to below limits of quantitation within 4 days of elimination. The calculated steady-state bioconcentration factors suggest a low bioconcentration potential of CPTA in juvenile tilapia. Results of enzymatic hydrolysis treatments revealed that no conjugates of CPTA were present in tissues, but conjugated biotransformation products of CPTA were found in bile, liver, and muscle. Most CPTA entered tissues and then was biotransformed into seven different products by phase I and phase II metabolism. The concentrations of endogenous cortisol were significantly influenced by CPTA in plasma and liver during the uptake period. These findings suggest that biotransformation products of CPTA should be considered for the assessment of the bioconcentration potential and ecological effects of progestagens.

Inhibition of Suv39H1 enhances transgenic IFNα-2b gene expression in Bcap-37 cells.

The low expression of exogenous transferred gene limited the application of transgenic animal technology. Suppressor of variegation 3 ∼ 9 homolog 1(SUV39H1) gene plays a prominent role on repressive heterochromatin and transcription. To understand if exogenous transgenic gene expression was affected by SUV39H1 epigenetic modification, in this paper, the effective shRNA fragments targeting SUV39H1 gene were first screened, their roles on expression of exogenous transgenic genes were determined by using Bcap-37 cell line with stable expressing IFNα-2b gene as a model, the preliminary regulation mechanism of SUV39H1 gene was investigated. The results showed that the designed shRNA1/2 fragments of SUV39H1 gene had an obvious inhibition effect on the expression of SUV39H1 gene, reached 53.07 and 31.28%, respectively by qRT-PCR analysis. Compared with the control group, the expression of IFNα-2b gene in transgenic Bcap-37 cells infected with shRNA1 and 2 viruses significantly increased by 96.25 and 121.08%, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression of DNMT1, HDAC1 and G9a gene in the shRNA infected cells reduced significantly, and the expression of the HAT1 gene increased significantly (p < 0.05). The above results indicated that the expression of exogenous transgenic gene could be promoted by suppressing SUV39H1 gene at the cell level.

Effect of Paenibacillus cellulase pretreatment for fiber surface.

Refining is the major process of paper formation. This study focuses on the impact of a specific enzyme (Paenibacillus cellulase) for fibers on the surfaces, the roughness and height of the fibers are also investigated. Effects of enzyme dosages and the mechanical refining action (PFI revolution) on fiber physical properties were also analyzed. The fibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), their roughness and height were analyzed by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results show that the Paenibacillus cellulase pretreatment increased the drainability of both kinds of pulp at the same level of refining energy. In other words, enzymatic treatment on pulp refining consumed less refining revolutions to reach the same drainability compared to the untreated pulp. Although the viscosity of both kinds of pulp was degraded with the enzymatic treatment, the physical properties of paper had no significantly negative influence on them. The results indicated the treatment with cellulase swelled the fibers in the absence of refining, and there were better fibrillation on the fibers treated with cellulase after refining. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of AFM suggested that both kinds of pulp treated with low cellulase dosage with PFI refining had higher roughness.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Phosphorylated Radix Cyathulae officinalis Polysaccharides in Immunosuppressed Mice.

This research aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of phosphorylated Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan polysaccharides (pRCPS) in immunosuppressed mice, improving their cellular and humoral immune function. Our results showed that pRCPS increased serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) concentrations significantly, enhanced splenocyte proliferation, and the thymus and spleen indices. pRCPS also promoted phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages and enhanced cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2, -4, -5, -6, and -10) serum levels. Importantly, pRCPS increased the proportions of selected T cell subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, and the CD4+ to CD8+ ratio). Our results revealed that phosphorylation of the polysaccharides promoted their immune-enhancing effects. Thus, pRCPS can enhance cellular and humoral immunity and could be used as an immune-enhancing agent to overcome cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppression.

CHILD Syndrome: Case Report of a Chinese Patient and Literature Review of the NAD[P]H Steroid Dehydrogenase-Like Protein Gene Mutation.

Congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects (CHILD) syndrome is an X-linked autosomal dominant disorder characterized by unilateral congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and ipsilateral limb defects caused by a mutation in the gene encoding NAD[P]H steroid dehydrogenase-like protein (NSDHL) at Xq28. The histopathologic hallmark of skin lesions in CHILD syndrome is psoriasiform epidermis with hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, and its most striking feature affecting the upper dermis is filling of the papillary dermis with foam cells. Here we present the case of a 9-year-old Chinese girl born with the typical clinical features of CHILD syndrome. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of the skin lesions confirmed the diagnosis and led to identification of a heterozygous point mutation in exon 8 of the NSDHL gene. In addition, we provide a literature review of 26 unrelated CHILD syndrome patients from different countries, caused by 20 unique gene mutations occurring throughout the entire NSDHL gene, to promote understanding and provide a more comprehensive description of this unusual disorder.

Investigation of designated eye position and viewing zone for a two-view autostereoscopic display.

Designated eye position (DEP) and viewing zone (VZ) are important optical parameters for designing a two-view autostereoscopic display. Although much research has been done to date, little empirical evidence has been found to establish a direct relationship between design and measurement. More rigorous studies and verifications to investigate DEP and to ascertain the VZ criterion will be valuable. We propose evaluation metrics based on equivalent luminance (EL) and binocular luminance (BL) to figure out DEP and VZ for a two-view autostereoscopic display. Simulation and experimental results prove that our proposed evaluation metrics can be used to find the DEP and VZ accurately.

Enantioselective inclusion of alcohols by solvent-controlled assembled flexible metal-organic frameworks.

Through judicious choice of the ligands and patient regulation of the solvent conditions, three unique chiral coordination polymeric isomers have been synthesized. Their structures, gas adsorption, and structural interconversion have been studied. One of the isomers displays dynamic behavior, and its use in the enantioselective separation of chiral alcohols has also been reported.

An invisible, robust copyright protection method for DNN-generated content.

Wide deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs) based applications (e.g., style transfer, cartoonish), stimulating the need for copyright protection of such application's production. Though some traditional visible copyright techniques exist, they often introduce undesired artifacts and compromise the aesthetic quality of the images. In this paper, we propose a novel invisible, robust copyright protection method, which is composed of two networks: the copyright encoder and the copyright decoder. The former projects the copyright information to the invisible perturbation with the drive of both the input of images and copyright information, thereby adding it to the image and yielding encoded images. The copyright decoder extracts copyright information from encoded images. Moreover, a robustness module is integrated to enhance the decoder's ability to decipher images against various distortions encountered on social media platforms. Furthermore, the loss function is elaborately designed, taking into account both feature space and color space, to guarantee the quality of encoded and decoded copyright images. Extensively objective and subjective experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Additionally, the physical test is conducted by posting the encoded images to social media (e.g., Weibo and Twitter) and downloading them to verify the feasibility of the proposed method in practice.