RESUMO
Accurate characterization of respiratory bacterial co-infection is critical for guiding empirical antibiotic treatment for hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We retrospectively assessed the clinical and analytical predictors of respiratory bacterial co-infection and described the empirical use of antibiotics in COVID-19 hospitalised patients. Respiratory bacterial co-infection was documented in 6.9% (80/1157) of the patients. The predominant bacteria isolates were Haemophilus influenzae, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Respiratory bacterial co-infection was associated with having had a positive culture for a respiratory pathogen in the last year (OR = 25.89), dyslipidaemia (OR = 2.52), heart failure (OR = 7.68), ferritin levels < 402 ng/mL (OR = 2.28), leukocyte count > 8.7 × 109/L (OR = 2.4), and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with inhaled corticosteroids (OR = 12.94). Empirical antibiotic treatment was administered in 42.33% of patients, although it declined across the distinct study periods (p < 0.001). Patients admitted to intensive care units harbouring co-infection exhibited worse outcomes and more bacterial secondary infections. In conclusion, respiratory bacterial co-infection prevalence was low, although it could lead to unfavourable outcomes. Moreover, the percentage of empirical antibiotic treatment remained high. The study's findings allowed the identification of several predictors for respiratory bacterial co-infection and could help implement adequate antibiotic stewardship measures.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas , COVID-19 , Coinfecção , Infecções Respiratórias , Humanos , Coinfecção/tratamento farmacológico , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , HospitaisRESUMO
El perfeccionamiento del desempeño profesional del laboratorista clínico constituye una necesidad, por lo que el objetivo de la investigación fue elaborar una estrategia para la superación profesional del tecnólogo de la salud en laboratorio clínico a partir de la integración con las ciencias básicas biomédicas. La estrategia se efectuó en la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud de Camagüey. Su factibilidad fue valorada por expertos y la validación se llevó a cabo con un pre experimento pedagógico que se desarrolló en el curso 2014- 2015. Los resultados corroboran su efectividad.
The improvement in professional performance of clinical lab technicians is a continuous necessity. As such, the aim of the research was to develop a strategy for achieving improved professional development for health technologists specialized in clinical laboratory practices through integration with basic biomedical sciences. The study was conducted at the School of Health Technology in Camagüey. Its feasibility was assessed by experts and validation was performed with a pre-pedagogical experiment that developed during the 2014- 2015 academic year. Results confirm the effectiveness of the strategy as developed within the scope of the study.
RESUMO
Se caracterizan las etapas de la formación de técnicos medios y tecnólogos de la salud en Cuba, atendiendo a las peculiaridades en los currículos. Se aborda el actual modelo del licenciado en Tecnología de la Salud, con un ciclo básico fortalecido y la consiguiente reducción a ocho especialidades. Se muestra el impacto social de este nuevo modelo pedagógico, que ha dado respuesta a las exigencias de los servicios de salud cubanos y ha permitido cumplir las demandas de cooperación en otros países.
This paper describes the stages of the formation of Health technicians and technologists in Cuba, including the particularities of the syllabi. It deals with the current model of bachelor of Health Technology, which presents a ber basic cycle and eight specialties. It also includes the social impact of this new educational model, which responds to the demands of both Cuban health services and cooperation in other countries.
RESUMO
La clonación posee dos finalidades bien definidas: la reproducción del organismo mediante la duplicación del genoma y la finalidad terapéutica, que incluye la clonación de órganos y tejidos para transplantar órganos y sustituir cadenas de genes anormales por otros sin anomalías. Esta revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo explicar de forma didáctica las técnicas de este proceder conocidas en el ámbito científico, de manera que puedan ser usadas como herramientas del profesional cubano en sus pesquisas diarias y dilucidar cómo la bioética enfoca la clonación reproductiva de forma negativa o ilícita, por las implicaciones sociales y morales que presupone. La clonación terapéutica es considerada importante e interesante desde el punto de vista científico y ético, ya que puede conducir a resolver varios problemas de salud.
Cloning possesses two well definite purposes: the reproduction of the organism by means of the duplication of the genome and the therapeutic purpose that includes the cloning of organs and tissues to transplant organs and to substitute chains of abnormal genes by other without anomalies. This bibliographical revision has as an objective, to explain in a didactic form the techniques of this proceed known in the scientific field, so these can be used as tools of cuban professionals in its daily searches and to clarify how bioethics focuses the reproductive cloning of negative or illicit form, by the moral and social implications that assumes. The therapeutic cloning is considered important and interesting from the ethical and scientific points of view, since it may solve several health problems.