Interlaboratory Comparison of Antibody-Free LC-MS/MS Measurements of C-peptide and Insulin.

BACKGROUND: The enhanced precision and selectivity of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) makes it an attractive alternative to certain clinical immunoassays. Easily transferrable work flows could help facilitate harmonization and ensure high-quality patient care. We aimed to evaluate the interlaboratory comparability of antibody-free multiplexed insulin and C-peptide LC-MS/MS measurements. METHODS: The laboratories that comprise the Targeted Mass Spectrometry Assays for Diabetes and Obesity Research (TaMADOR) consortium verified the performance of a validated peptide-based assay (reproducibility, linearity, and lower limit of the measuring interval [LLMI]). An interlaboratory comparison study was then performed using shared calibrators, de-identified leftover laboratory samples, and reference materials. RESULTS: During verification, the measurements were precise (2.7% to 3.7%CV), linear (4 to 15 ng/mL for C-peptide and 2 to 14 ng/mL for insulin), and sensitive (LLMI of 0.04 to 0.10 ng/mL for C-peptide and 0.03 ng/mL for insulin). Median imprecision across the 3 laboratories was 13.4% (inter-quartile range [IQR] 11.6%) for C-peptide and 22.2% (IQR 20.9%) for insulin using individual measurements, and 10.8% (IQR 8.7%) and 15.3% (IQR 14.9%) for C-peptide and insulin, respectively, when replicate measurements were averaged. Method comparison with the University of Missouri reference method for C-peptide demonstrated a robust linear correlation with a slope of 1.044 and r2 = 0.99. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that combined LC-MS/MS measurements of C-peptide and insulin are robust and adaptable and that standardization with a reference measurement procedure could allow accurate and precise measurements across sites, which could be important to diabetes research and help patient care in the future.

Point-of-Care HbA1c in Clinical Practice: Caveats and Considerations for Optimal Use.

Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) is widely used for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. Accurate measurement of A1C is necessary for optimal clinical value. Assay standardization has markedly improved the accuracy and consistency of A1C testing. Devices to measure A1C at point of care (POC) are commercially available, allowing rapid results when the patient is seen. In this review, we describe how standardization of A1C testing was achieved, leading to high-quality results in clinical laboratories. We address the use of POC A1C testing in clinical situations and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of POC A1C testing. We emphasize the importance of considering the limitations of these devices and following correct testing procedures to ensure that accurate A1C results are obtained for optimal care of patients.

Estado actual de la medida de hemoglobina A1c y objetivos para su mejora: del caos al orden para mejorar la atención de la diabetes / Status of Hemoglobin A1c measurement and goals for improvement: from chaos to order for improving diabetes care

El Estudio de Control y Complicaciones de la Diabetes (DCCT) y el Estudio Prospectivo de Diabetes en el Reino Unido (UKPDS) establecieron la importancia de la hemoglobina A1c (Hb A1c) como un predictor de consecuencias en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. En 1994, la Asociación Americana de Diabetes comenzó a recomendar metas específicas para Hb A1c, pero la falta de comparación entre los ensayos limitó la capacidad de los médicos para usar estos objetivos. El Programa de Estandarización Nacional de Hemoglobina Glicosilada (NGSP) fue implementado en 1996 para estandarizar los resultados de la Hb A1c según los estudios DCCT / UKPDS. El NGSP certifica a los fabricantes de métodos de Hb A1c como trazables al DCCT. Los criterios de certificación se han reforzado con el tiempo y el NGSP ha trabajado con el Colegio Americano de Patólogos en establecer requisitos estrictos para la aptitud de los ensayos. Como resultado, la variabilidad de los valores de la Hb A1c entre los laboratorios clínicos se ha reducido considerablemente. La Federación Internacional de Química Clínica (IFCC) ha desarrollado un sistema de referencia para la Hb A1c , que facilita la trazabilidad de la metrología a un orden superior. El NGSP mantiene la trazabilidad a la red de la IFCC a través de continuas comparaciones de muestras. Ha habido controversias en relación a si el informe de los resultados de Hb A1c debe ser en unidades IFCC o NGSP, o una estimación promedio de glucosa. Los diferentes países se encuentran tomando esta decisión. La variabilidad entre los resultados de Hb A1c se ha reducido considerablemente. No todos los países informarán Hb A1c en las mismas unidades, pero se han establecido ecuaciones que permiten la conversión entre diferentes unidades. Ahora se recomienda Hb A1c para el diagnóstico de la diabetes, acentuando aún más la necesidad de un ensayo de óptimo rendimiento. El NGSP proseguirá sus esfuerzos para mejorar los tests de Hb A1c asegurando que se cumplan las necesidades clínicas.

BACKGROUND: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) established the importance of hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) as a predictor of outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus. In 1994, the American Diabetes Association began recommending specific Hb A1c targets, but lack of comparability among assays limited the ability of clinicians to use these targets. The National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program(NGSP) was implemented in 1996 to standardize Hb A1c results to those of the DCCT/UKPDS. CONTENT: The NGSP certifies manufacturers of Hb A1c methods as traceable to the DCCT. The certification criteria have been tightened over time and the NGSP has worked with the College of American Pathologists in tightening proficiency-testing requirements. As a result, variability of Hb A1c results among clinical laboratories has been considerably reduced. The IFCC has developed a reference system for Hb A1c that facilitates metrological traceability to a higher order. The NGSP maintains traceability to the IFCC network via ongoing sample comparisons. There has been controversy over whether to report Hb A1c results in IFCC or NGSP units, or as estimated average glucose. Individual countries are making this decision. SUMMARY: Variability among Hb A1c results has been greatly reduced. Not all countries will report Hb A1c in the same units, but there are established equations that enable conversion between different units. Hb A1c is now recommended for diagnosing diabetes, further accentuating the need for optimal assay performance. The NGSPwill continue efforts to improve Hb A1c testing to ensure that clinical needs are met.