RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Two brown-like adipocytes, including classical brown adipocytes from brown adipose tissues and beige cells from white adipose tissues, regulate thermogenesis. The developmental and functional induction of brown-like cells provides a defense against obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Our previous study suggests dietary luteolin can improve diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Here we further elucidated the action of the natural flavonoid on energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis. METHODS: Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with 0.01% luteolin. After 12 weeks, their energy expenditure were detected using a combined indirect calorimetry system. Moreover, thermogenic program and associated molecular regulators were assessed in adipose tissues. In another independent study, even-aged mice were fed LFD and luteolin-containing LFD for 12 weeks, and their energy expenditure and thermogenic program were also investigated. Finally, differentiated primary brown and subcutaneous adipocytes were used to identify the critical participation of AMPK/PGC1α signaling in luteolin-regulated browning and thermogenesis. RESULTS: In mice fed either HFD or LFD, dietary luteolin supplement increased oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and respiratory exchange ratio. The enhancement in energy expenditure was accompanied by the upregulation of thermogenic genes in brown and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Meanwhile, several important AMPK/PGC1α signaling molecules were activated by dietary luteolin in the tissues. Further, luteolin treatment directly elevated thermogenic gene expressions and activated AMPK/PGC1α signaling in differentiated primary brown and subcutaneous adipocytes, whereas AMPK inhibitor Compound C reversed the efficiencies. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary luteolin activated browning and thermogenesis through an AMPK/PGC1α pathway-mediated mechanism.
Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Adipócitos Marrons/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/patologia , Luteolina/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Termogênese/fisiologia , Adipócitos Marrons/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Branco/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Suplementos Nutricionais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Metabolismo Energético , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Resistência à Insulina , Luteolina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Termogênese/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study investigated whether there is disturbance of calcium signal in the simulated salpingitis of laying hens. A total of 90 Roman Pink layers (81 wk; 1.916 ± 0.17 kg) were divided into 3 groups (Control treated with PBS, 1.85 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/layer as LPS group, 1.85 mg LPS/layer as LPS+organic chemical reagent (OCR) group) with 6 replicates of 5 layers. Compared with the Control, the mRNA expression of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK IV), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), and plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase (PMCA) were not only decreased (P < 0.05) in magnum of laying hens from LPS and LPS+OCR groups, but also in isthmus and uterus of hens from LPS+OCR group. Moreover, the mRNA expression of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and Orai1 in uterus from LPS+OCR group were higher (P < 0.05) than that from Control. The relative fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ in uterus from LPS and LPS+OCR groups were significantly higher than that from Control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it existed that the linkage of simulated salpingitis treated with LPS+OCR and altered intracellular calcium signals in layers, which provided a new insight for alleviating salpingitis and uterine dysfunction of laying hens.
Assuntos
Cálcio , Salpingite , Animais , Feminino , Cálcio/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Galinhas/fisiologia , Salpingite/veterinária , Cálcio da Dieta/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
This study was conducted to simulate salpingitis of laying hens by observing the morphology and expression of inflammatory genes in the oviduct. A total of one hundred twenty 81-wk-old Roman Pink laying hens in good physical condition without the oviduct disease with an average egg production rate of 76% were fed a basal diet for 2 wks and then randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates/group, 5 birds/replicate). The experimental treatments were as follows: 1) Control group (treated with PBS); 2) Organic chemical reagent (OCR) group; 3) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group; 4) LPS + OCR group. First, the chickens were kept upside down to make ectropion and exposure of the apertura uterinae; then prepared reagents were poured into the uterine part of the fallopian tube by using the chicken vas deferens (1 mL/layer); finally, the chickens were kept in the inverted position for 5 to 10 min. The fallopian tube samples (the magnum, isthmus, and uterus) were collected after 48 h of treatment. Compared with the control, treatment with LPS+OCR decreased (P < 0.05) the secondary villus length and primary villus area in magnum and villus length in isthmus (P < 0.05). An increase (P < 0.05) of the intervillous space of uterus was observed in LPS + OCR group compared with the control. The expressions of interleukin-6 mRNA of magnum and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) of isthmus in the LPS and LPS+OCR treatments were higher (P < 0.05) than that in control. Compared with the control, treatment with LPS+OCR increased (P < 0.05) the expressions of IFN-γ mRNA of magnum and IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA of uterus in laying hens. In conclusion, the results of morphological damage of fallopian tube tissue and increased expression of inflammatory factors in LPS + OCR treatment group suggested that LPS+OCR treatment can provide data basis to establish salpingitis model in laying hens for studying the pathogenesis of it.
Assuntos
Tubas Uterinas , Salpingite , Animais , Feminino , Salpingite/metabolismo , Salpingite/patologia , Salpingite/veterinária , Galinhas/genética , Galinhas/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Oviductos/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Ração Animal , DietaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of atopic diseases has increased rapidly in recent decades globally. The administration of probiotics to reduce gastrointestinal inflammation has been popular, but its role in the prevention or treatment of allergic disease remains controversial. This study evaluated the effectiveness of prenatal and postnatal probiotics in the prevention of early childhood and maternal allergic diseases. METHODS: In a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, pregnant women with atopic diseases determined by history, total immunoglobulin (Ig)E > 100 kU/L, and/or positive specific IgE were assigned to receive either probiotics (Lactobacillus GG; ATCC 53103; 1 × 10(10) colony-forming units daily) or placebo from the second trimester of pregnancy. Both of clinical evaluation performed by questionnaires concerning any allergic symptoms and plasma total IgE, and allergen-specific IgE were obtained in high-risk parents and children at 0, 6, 18, and 36 months of age. The primary and secondary outcomes were the point and cumulative prevalence of sensitization and developing of allergic diseases, and improvement of maternal allergic symptom score and plasma immune parameters before and after intervention, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 191 pregnant women (LGG group, n = 95; control group, n = 96) were enrolled. No significant effects of prenatal and postnatal probiotics supplementation on sensitization, development of allergic diseases, and maternal IgE levels between placebo and LGG groups. Symptoms of maternal allergic scores improved significantly in the LGG group (P = 0.002). Maternal allergic diseases improvement was more prominent in pregnant women with IgE > 100 kU/L (P = 0.01) and significantly associated with higher interleukin-12p70 levels (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: LGG administration beginning at the second trimester of pregnancy reduced the severity of maternal allergic disease through increment of Th1 response, but not the incidence of childhood allergic sensitization or allergic diseases (ClinicalTrials.govnumber, IDNCT00325273).
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Imediata/prevenção & controle , Lactobacillus , Cuidado Pós-Natal , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Lactente , Idade Materna , Gravidez , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicações , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodos , Icterícia Obstrutiva/etiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/complicações , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Ducto Colédoco/diagnóstico por imagem , Ducto Colédoco/patologia , Humanos , Icterícia Obstrutiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Invasividade Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
We report a technique that was utilized to manage an intraoperative airway complication occurring during orthognathic surgery wherein the endotracheal tube pilot balloon was inadvertently damaged during the procedure. Readily available operating room materials were used to safely and rapidly repair the damaged endotracheal tube pilot balloon. This allowed the perioperative team to avoid emergent endotracheal tube exchange and potential airway complications.
Assuntos
Intubação Intratraqueal , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/terapia , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Background: Gastric stump ("remnant") cancer is the development of a malignancy related to previous gastric surgery. Prognosis in gastric stump cancer, compared with that in primary gastric cancer, is still controversial. Methods: From January 1988 to December 2012 at a single medical centre in Taiwan, 105 patients with gastric stump cancer, including 85 with previous peptic ulcer disease and 20 with previous gastric cancer, were analyzed for clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival (os). Results: The 5-year os rates for patients with gastric stump cancer and with primary gastric cancer were 51.2% and 54.5% respectively (p = 0.035). Analysis of clinicopathologic characteristics indicated that, compared with patients having primary gastric cancer, those with gastric stump cancer had more lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and had been diagnosed at a more advanced stage (p = 0.047). Multivariate analysis with os as an endpoint showed that age [p = 0.015; hazard ratio (hr): 2.300; 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.173 to 4.509], tumour size (p = 0.037; hr: 1.700; 95% ci: 1.031 to 2.801), stromal reaction (p = 0.021; hr: 1.802; 95% ci: 1.094 to 2.969), and pathologic N category (p = 0.001; hr: 1.449; 95% ci: 1.161 to 1.807) were independent predictors in gastric stump cancer. The os rates for patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had gastric cancer or peptic ulcer disease were 72.9% and 50.0% respectively (p = 0.019). The Borrmann classification was more superficial (p = 0.005), lymph node metastases were fewer (p = 0.004), and staging was less advanced (p = 0.025) in patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had gastric cancer than in their counterparts who previously had peptic ulcer disease. Conclusions: Survival is poorer in patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had peptic ulcer disease than in those who previously had primary gastric cancer. Patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had gastric cancer and could receive curative gastrectomy tended to have a better prognosis because of a more superficial Borrmann classification. Regular follow-up in patients who have undergone gastric surgery is recommended for the early detection of gastric stump cancer.
Assuntos
Coto Gástrico/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the expression of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) binding protein (LBP) and CD14 mRNA and the severity of liver injury in alcohol-fed rats. METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were divided into two groups:ethanol-fed group (group E) and control group (group C). Group E was fed with ethanol(5-12 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and group C received dextrose instead of ethanol. Rats of the two groups were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Levels of endotoxin and alanine transaminase (ALT) in blood were measured, and liver pathology was observed under light and electronic microscopy. Expressions of LBP and CD14 mRNA in liver tissues were determined by RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS: Plasma endotoxin levels were increased more significantly in group E(129+/-21) ng x L(-1) and (187+/-35) ng x L(-1) at 4 and 8 wk than in control rats(48+/-9) ng x L(-1) and (53+/-11) ng x L(-1), respectively (P<0.05). Mean values of plasma ALT levels were (1867+/-250) nkat x L(-1) and (2450+/-367) nkat x L(-1) in Group E. The values were increased more dramatically in ethanol-fed rats than in Group C after 4 and 8 weeks. In liver section from ethanol-fed rats, there were marked pathological changes (steatosis, cell infiltration and necrosis). In ethanol-fed rats, ethanol administration led to a significant increase in LBP and CD14 mRNA levels compared with the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Ethanol administration led to a significant increase in endotoxin levels in serum and LBP and CD14 mRNA expressions in liver tissues. The increase of LBP and CD14 mRNA expression might wake the liver more sensitive to endotoxin and liver injury.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Fase Aguda , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Expressão Gênica , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/genética , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana , Animais , Feminino , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/metabolismo , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/patologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
A single dose of 6-OHDA (15 mg/kg i.p.) would cause an almost complete disappearance of catecholamine fluorescence in histological preparation of submandibular glands (SMG) 24 hours after injection. Recovery of NA and DA levels went on slowly along with the course of regeneration of the lesioned sympathetic nerve terminals. The NA and the DA contents reached 50% and 28% respectively two weeks after lesion and fully recovered by the end of the fourth week. Gangliosides mixture (GM) (50 mg/kg i.p.) given 0, 4, 8, and 12 hours after 6-OHDA injection could prevent the injury action of NA and DA for at least 24 hours. If this treatment was followed by daily injection for one week, the NA contents remained normal by the end of two weeks. GM treatments beginning either 4 days before or 4 hours after 6-OHDA injection could lessen the extent of decrease of NA and DA by 6-OHDA. The results suggest that: a) GM is effective in protecting the membrane of sympathetic terminals from the injurious effect of 6-OHDA or 6-OHDA metabolites and promoting the regeneration of the lesioned terminals. b) The earlier the GM treatments are given, the better will be the effects.
Assuntos
Fibras Adrenérgicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Gangliosídeos/farmacologia , Hidroxidopaminas/farmacologia , Animais , Dopamina/metabolismo , Feminino , Camundongos , Regeneração Nervosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Oxidopamina , Glândulas Salivares/metabolismoRESUMO
Partial deafferentation of the hippocampus was obtained by transection of unilateral partial fimbria-fornix. On the seventh postoperational day, there appeared in the lesioned hippocampus respectively a 72.5%, 45.7% and 52.2% reduction in acetylcholine content, choline acetyltransferase and cholinesterase activity. A concomitant 16.3%, 31.1% and 30.3% reduction in noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin content respectively was also observed, while amino acids content did not show any change. The results indicate that the cholinergic and monoaminergic afferents of the hippocampal formation in the rat reach their target regions via the fimbria-fornix.
Assuntos
Colina O-Acetiltransferase/metabolismo , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Núcleos Septais/fisiologia , Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Animais , Fibras Colinérgicas/fisiologia , Feminino , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual knowledge, attitudes and behavior of fifth and sixth grade students in aboriginal elementary schools in the Ping-Tung area. A structured questionnaire was administered to 1091 students who were selected by cluster sampling. The results showed: (1) The sexual knowledge score was low but sexual attitudes showed a positive trend. (2) 64.7% and 67.4% of students had at some time seen pictures of male or female sexual organs. (3) About 61% of students had seen sexual magazines or videotapes. (4) 66.2% of male and 88.1% of female students had heard about wet dreams or menstruation before their first experience; more than half of the students thought that wet dreams need treatment. (5) 17.8% of students had masturbation experience, and after that 59.3% of students had fear or guilt feeling. (6) Female students had significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores than male students, Demographic variables produced no significant difference in the above scores. (7) 42.4% of students most desired to know what phenomena indicate sexual maturity. (8) Sex knowledge had significantly positive correlation with sex attitude.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Comportamento Sexual , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico , Grupos Raciais , Estudos de Amostragem , TaiwanRESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether Astragaloside IV (AST-IV) inhibited the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), attenuating liver transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: donors given AST-IV (1.5 mL; 100 µg/mL, intravenous [IV]) 1 hour before surgery (n = 32), versus controls treated with 1.5 mL physiological saline (n = 32). Orthotropic liver transplantation was performed according to the Kamada technique. Eight animals in each group were followed for seven days after surgery to assess survival. The remaining hosts in each group were divided into 3 subgroups (n = 8) to be examined at 3, 6, and 24 hours after portal vein reperfusion. We analyzed levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and NF-κB transcriptional activity and performed a morphological study of liver tissues, NF-κB, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in Kupffer cells (KCs). RESULTS: Pretreatment with AST-IV significantly improved survival rates and liver function, attenuating liver parenchymal cell damage by down-regulating TNF-α levels and NF-κB expressions, inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional activity, up-regulating GR expression. CONCLUSION: AST-IV attenuated hepatic IRI by inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional activity. The mechanism may relate to up-regulation of GR expression.
Assuntos
Transplante de Fígado , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Saponinas/uso terapêutico , Triterpenos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Western Blotting , Primers do DNA , Imuno-Histoquímica , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Camundongos , Microscopia Confocal , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Taxa de Sobrevida , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoAssuntos
Traumatismos da Mão/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Adulto , Feminino , Pé/cirurgia , Traumatismos do Pé , Humanos , Masculino , Omento/transplanteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Genetic heritability and maternal atopy have been correlated to antenatal IgE production, but very few studies have studied gene-maternal atopy interaction on antenatal IgE production. This study investigated the interaction of CTLA-4 polymorphism with prenatal factors on the elevation of cord blood IgE (CBIgE). METHODS: Pregnant women were antenatally recruited for collection of prenatal environmental factors by a questionnaire. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected for CBIgE detection by fluorescence-linked enzyme assay and CTLA-4 polymorphism measurement by restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: A total of 1104 pregnant women initially participated in this cohort study, and 898 of them completed cord blood collection. 21.4% of the newborns had elevation of CBIgE (>or=0.5 kU/L). The CTLA-4+49A allele (P=0.021), maternal atopy (P<0.001) and gender (P=0.034), but not the CTLA-4+49G allele, -318C allele, -318T allele, parental smoking or paternal atopy, were significantly correlated with the CBIgE elevation in multivariate analysis. A dichotomous analysis of gene-maternal atopy interactions identified maternal atopy and CTLA-4+49A allele had an additive effect on the CBIgE elevation, especially prominent in male newborns; and in the absence of maternal atopy, CTLA-4+49GG genotype had a protective effect on CBIgE elevation in female newborns. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal but not paternal atopy has significant impacts on CBIgE elevation depending on gender and CTLA-4+49A/G polymorphism of newborns. Control of maternal atopy and modulation of CTLA-4 expression in the prenatal stage may be a target for the early prevention of perinatal allergy sensitization.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciação/genética , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/genética , Imunoglobulina E/biossíntese , Polimorfismo Genético , Complicações na Gravidez/genética , Antígeno CTLA-4 , Pai , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/imunologia , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Mães , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/imunologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is responsible for the production of angiotension II and the breakdown of kinins, leading to increased blood pressure (BP), induction of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and the stimulation of myocardial-cell hypertrophy. A 287 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction in a cross-sectional study of 35 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and 35 patients with normally functioning hearts (NT). Compared with the deletion/deletion (D/D) frequency in the control population, the frequency of the deletion allele was 0.757 in IDC patients and 0.600 in NTs; the difference between observed alleles in all subjects in each group was significant (x2 = 3.96; P < 0.05). The data thus provide evidence in favor of an association between idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and a polymorphism at the ACE locus (17q23), thus implicating this locus, and possibly a genetic variant of ACE, itself, in human idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/genética , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Deleção de Genes , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/etiologia , China , Genótipo , Humanos , Íntrons , Dados de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
The potential human metastasis molecule CD44 and its isoforms V5 and V6 are overexpressed in human gastric carcinoma. Among the numerous extracellular matrix components, hyaluronate, a CD44 ligand, is of increasing interest in relation to its role in cancer cell development and invasion. By using the dynabead separation method, the SC-M1 cell line was separated into V5 and V6 isoform-positive and -negative populations. The V5 and V6 isoform-negative populations exhibited significantly higher hyaluronate binding activity than the corresponding positive cells. The hyaluronate binding activity of V5 and V6-positive cells could be restored by pretreatment with anti-CD44 V5 and V6 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). In addition, transfection of aVV5 and V6-negative cells decreased their hyaluronate binding activity to the levels of CD44 V5 and V6-positive cells. Cells transfected with V5 and V6 recovered their hyaluronate binding activity after pretreatment with MAbs against V5 and V6. These data suggest that cell adhesion involving hyaluronate can be regulated by multiple mechanisms, one of which involves alternative splicing of CD44 isoforms.