Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Eriocheir leptognathus with phylogenetic analysis.

Eriocheir leptognathus is a dominant species in the Yangtze River estuary. In this study, we first determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of E. leptognathus. The mitogenome is 16,143 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one non-coding control region. Initiation codons ATG and ATT were identified in eight and four PCGs, respectively, while stop codons TAA or TAG were found in eleven genes except for two genes which use incomplete stop codon T-. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that three species (E. hepuensis, E.japonica, E. sinensis) and E. leptognathus are very closely related. The complete mitogenome of E. leptognathus can provide population genetics information to further explore the taxonomic status of this species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Exopalaemon annandalei.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Exopalaemon annandalei was amplified and analyzed. The mitogenome is 15,718 bp in length, encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region (CR). The nucleotide frequency of the mitogenome is as follows: A, 34.81%; C, 23.24%; G, 12.68%; and T, 29.25%. Seven kinds of the initiation codon and five kinds of termination codon are employed in the 13 PCGs. Phylogenetic analysis show E. annandalei to be in sister-relationship with E. carinicauda. The complete mitogenome sequence information of E. annandalei would play an important part in further studies on molecular systematics and phylogeny.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Helice Sheni and its phylogenetic implication.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Helice sheni was amplified and analyzed. The mitogenome is 16,062 bp in length, encoding the standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and one control region. The nucleotide frequency of the mitogenome is as follows: A, 34.81%; C, 23.24%; G, 12.68%; and T, 29.25%. Eight overlapping areas and 22 intergenic spacers were found in the complete mitogenome. The typical initiation codon (ATT) and stop codon (TAA) were observed in eight genes, respectively. The phylogenetic tree indicates that Helicana wuana is closely related to H. sheni.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Charybdis bimaculata and phylogenetic analysis.

In this study, the complete mitogenome of Charybdis bimaculata was sequenced and annotated. The mitogenome is 15,441 bp in length, containing 37 classical eukaryotic mitochondrial regions (13 typical protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes) and a non-coding control region. Most of the genes are initiated with ATA, ATG, and ATT, though GTG is also used as an initiation codon. Twelve PCGs stop with complete termination codon TAA and TAG, while Cob uses incomplete codon (T-). The phylogenetic relationships based on 13 PCGs show that C. bimaculata clusters closest to C. fariata and C. natator.

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene-gene interaction and haplotype with susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Chinese children.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism and additional gene-gene interaction with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within MTHFR gene and ALL risk and additional gene-gene interaction between rs1801133 and rs1801131. The minor allele of rs1801133 and rs1801131 is associated with decreased ALL risk, OR (95% CI) were 0.61 (0.38-0.89), and 0.68 (0.50-0.96), respectively. We also found a significantly interaction between the two SNPs, participants with rs1801133 - CT or TT and rs1801131 - AC or CC genotype have the lowest ALL risk, compared with participants with rs1801133 - CC and rs1801131 - AA genotype, OR (95% CI) was 0.32 (0.12-0.63). We did not find any haplotype between the rs1801133 and rs1801131 associated with ALL risk. rs1801133 and rs1801131 within MTHFR gene and their interaction were both associated with ALL risk in Chinese children.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Solenocera crassicornis.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Solenocera crassicornis was amplified and analyzed. The mitogenome is 15,946 bp in length, encoding the standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes. The overall A + T content is 67.67%; nucleotide frequency of the mitogenome is as follows: A, 32.00%; C, 11.14%; G, 21.19%; and T, 35.67%. There were 16 non-coding regions throughout the mitogenome of S. crassicornis ranged from 1 to 1,005 bp in size, of which the largest was between tRNAIle and 12S rRNA. The complete mitogenome sequence information of S. crassicornis would play an important part for further studies on molecular systematics and phylogeny.