Radiomics analysis of dual-layer spectral-detector CT-derived iodine maps for predicting tumor deposits in colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of radiomics analysis of dual-layer spectral-detector computed tomography (DLSCT)-derived iodine maps for predicting tumor deposits (TDs) preoperatively in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 264 pathologically confirmed CRC patients (TDs + (n = 80); TDs - (n = 184)) who underwent preoperative DLSCT from two hospitals were retrospectively enrolled, and divided into training (n = 124), testing (n = 54), and external validation cohort (n = 86). Conventional CT features and iodine concentration (IC) were analyzed and measured. Radiomics features were derived from venous phase iodine maps from DLSCT. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was performed for feature selection. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was employed to develop clinical, radiomics, and combined models based on the most valuable clinical parameters and radiomics features. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the model's efficacy. RESULTS: The combined model incorporating the valuable clinical parameters and radiomics features demonstrated excellent performance in predicting TDs in CRC (AUCs of 0.926, 0.881, and 0.887 in the training, testing, and external validation cohorts, respectively), which outperformed the clinical model in the training cohort and external validation cohorts (AUC: 0.839 and 0.695; p: 0.003 and 0.014) and the radiomics model in two cohorts (AUC: 0.922 and 0.792; p: 0.014 and 0.035). CONCLUSION: Radiomics analysis of DLSCT-derived iodine maps showed excellent predictive efficiency for preoperatively diagnosing TDs in CRC, and could guide clinicians in making individualized treatment strategies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The radiomics model based on DLSCT iodine maps has the potential to aid in the accurate preoperative prediction of TDs in CRC patients, offering valuable guidance for clinical decision-making. KEY POINTS: Accurately predicting TDs in CRC patients preoperatively based on conventional CT features poses a challenge. The Radiomics model based on DLSCT iodine maps outperformed conventional CT in predicting TDs. The model combing DLSCT iodine maps radiomics features and conventional CT features performed excellently in predicting TDs.

[Hydrochemical Characteristics and Control Factors of Pore-water in the Middle and Upper Reaches of Muwen River].

In order to study the hydrochemical characteristics and ion sources of pore water in the middle and upper reaches of the Mouwen River, 29 groups of pore-water samples were collected in the Laiwu Basin. The main ion characteristics and their controlling factors of pore-water in this area were analyzed by using correlation and principal component analysis, Piper trigram, and Gibbs diagram methods. The main material sources of pore water in this area were revealed. The results showed that HCO3-, NO3-, SO42-, and Ca2+ were the main anions and cations in the pore water of the middle and upper reaches of the Mouwen River. With TDS >1000 mg·L-1 as the standard, the normal water chemistry type was mainly HCO3·NO3·SO4-Ca and HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg, whereas the abnormal water chemistry type was mainly NO3·Cl-Ca. The chemical evolution of groundwater was mainly influenced by rock weathering, cation alternation adsorption, and human activities. Na++K+ mainly came from silicate weathering and dissolution, and HCO3-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ came from calcite weathering and dissolution involving carbonate and sulfuric acid. Alternation adsorption of cations and weathering of silicate rock provided a surplus of Ca2+ and Mg2+ for pore water. Industrial and mining activities such as domestic sewage mixing, agricultural planting activities, and iron and coal mining changed the chemical composition of pore water, especially NO3- exceeding the standard, which has become the main problem of the local groundwater chemical environment.

[Hydrochemical Characteristics and Control Factors of Groundwater in Shunping County, Hebei Province].

In order to study the chemical characteristics and ion source of groundwater and further serve the scientific development and management of water resources in Shunping County. A total of 33 groups of karst water and 12 groups of pore water samples were collected systematically in Shunping County, and the hydrochemical types, composition characteristics, and main controlling factors of various types of groundwater were analyzed by using Gibbs diagram, ion ratio relation, and multivariate statistical analysis methods, and the contribution rates of various sources to groundwater solutes were evaluated. The results showed that the pore water and karst water in the study area were weakly alkaline, with TDS ranging from 245.89 to 430.00 mg·L-1 and 223.54 to 1347.80 mg·L-1, respectively. The anion components of groundwater were mainly HCO3- and Ca2+. Groundwater in the study area could be grouped into PW1 and PW2 pore water and KW1, KW2, and KW3 karst water. PW1 and KW1 were HCO3-Ca·Mg type, PW2 was HCO3·Cl-Ca·Mg type, KW2 was HCO3·NO3-Ca·Mg type, and KW3 was SO4-Ca·Mg type with high salinity. The weathering of carbonate rock mainly composed of dolomite and silicate rock mainly composed of albiar and potassium feldspar were the main material sources of groundwater, and their contributions to each water body were 39.69% to 66.13% and 11.87% to 58.38%. Sewage discharge and fertilizer use in human activities had significant effects on KW2 groundwater and PW1, PW2, and KW1 groundwater, respectively. In addition, the contribution rate of atmospheric precipitation to each water body ranged from 1.09% to 7.94% on average.

[Vibrational spectra of Hetian nephrite from Xinjiang].

In previous studies, EMPA, PIXE and others were employed to study the chemical compositions of nephrite separately without a systematical measurement. In the present study, XRF, XRD, IR and LR were used together to examine chemical and spectra characteristics of white, green and black nephrite from Hetian, Xinjiang. XRD results indicate that all nephrite samples consist of tremolite. Then IR spectra of nephrite samples suggest that the M-OH stretching vibration bands show that the M1 and M3 sites are not only occupied by Mg2+ and Fe2+, but also by Fe3+, which is consistent with the chemical compositions of these samples. This information might be useful to understanding the variety of nephrite. Their Raman spectra are almost the same, while some differences exist because of different content of FeO/Fe2O3.

Dietary Supplementation With Yucca Alleviates Heat Stress in Growing Broilers Exposed to High Ambient Temperature.

Yucca contains high a content of saponin that has a glucocorticord-like effect in animals, e.g., anti-inflammation and anti-microbiota. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of yucca powder may alleviate heat stress and improve growth performance of growing broilers subjected to cycling high ambient temperature. A total of 240 male broiler chicks (yellow feathered chicken) aged 28 days, with body weight (BW) of 792 ± 43.7 g, were randomly allocated to one of four treatments (6 replicates per treatment): control (normal temperature, 24 ± 2°C, 24 h), fed diets supplemented with 100 mg/kg yucca under normal temperature (Y), high ambient temperature exposure (HT, 34 ± 2°C, 11 h), fed diets supplemented with 100 mg/kg yucca (HT+Y) under high ambient temperature. After 7 days of adaption, the experiment was conducted for 4 weeks (aged 28-56 days). HT significantly reduced feed intake, BW, and average daily gain (ADG) of broiler, but yucca improved the feed intake under HT condition. Yucca supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the HT-induced increase in temperature of rectum and leg skin. Supplementation of yucca increased the hypothalamic mRNA expression of TRPV2, TRPV4, and TRPM8 (P < 0.05). Yucca reduced (P < 0.05) the plasma lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), but did not affect the activities of antioxidant enzyme superoxide oxidase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx). Yucca did not affect the plasma neuro peptide Y (NPY), which was reduced by HT, yucca reduced circulation cholecystokinin (CCK) and hypothalamic mRNA expression of CCK. Supplementation of yucca increased the mRNA expression of both heat and cool sensing receptors. The results of the present study indicate that yucca could improve antioxidant status and attenuate the heat stress response by regulating hypothalamic temperature-sensing genes in growing chickens. Besides, yucca supplementation improved feed intake probably through modulating CCK in growing broilers under high ambient temperature.

[Hydrochemical Characteristics and Possible Controls of Groundwater in the Xialatuo Basin Section of the Xianshui River].

In order to study the characteristics of groundwater chemistry and groundwater flow system in the Xianshui River fault zone, samples of precipitation, surface water, groundwater, and hot spring samples in the Xialatuo Basin were collected and tested. Through the test data, the main ions and the sources of recharge were analyzed by means of ionic relations, correlation analysis, Gibbs plot, Piper triangular diagrams, and saturation index. The groundwater recharge sources in the basin were studied using combined hydrogen and oxygen isotope information. Results show that all the water samples in the study area were weakly alkaline. The predominant cations were Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+. Among these, Ca2+ accounted for 2.6%-53.6%, with an average value of 28.84%, Mg2+ accounted for 2.7%-57%, with an average value of 40.6%, and Na+ accounted for 6.2%-93.1%, with an average value of 28.6%. The anions were mainly HCO3-, accounting for 82.4%-98% of the total anions and with an average value of 89.6%. HCO3- and Na+ accounted for most of the ions with 93.1% and 98%, respectively, in the Zhanggu hot spring. The total dissolved solids (TDS) of the groundwater ranged from 116.11 to 372.75 mg·L-1, and with an average value of 281.91 mg·L-1. The hydrogeochemical type of groundwater was HCO3-Mg·Ca and HCO3-Ca·Mg. It is controlled by carbonatite dissolution with a circulatory depth range in dozens of meters. The hot springs are controlled by the fault zone and are mainly distributed along the main stem of the Xianshui River fault. Their water is of the HCO3-Na type. The hydrogeochemical process is controlled by silicate dissolution with a circulatory depth range in thousands of meters.

Association between sociodemographic, psychosocial, lifestyle factors, and self-reported health among migrant laborers in China.

BACKGROUND: There were 245 million migrants in China in 2013, the majority of whom migrated from rural to urban areas. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sociodemographic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors, and self-reported health (SRH) in Chinese migrant laborers. METHODS: This study was conducted based on data from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey 2012. SRH was measured in a single item, although there were other risk factors from three different groups: sociodemographic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors. The associations between these risk factors and SRH were tested using multilevel logistic regression analyses including interaction tests. RESULTS: All three groups of factors were explored simultaneously. These factors included age, working hours, marital status, illness, and hospitalization, which were associated with poor SRH, as well as earnings, number of friends, relations with neighbors, trust level, education, and alcohol consumption, which were associated with good SRH. However, there was minimal association found between the two factors of medical insurance and nationality, and SRH. CONCLUSION: Our investigation indicated that there are many factors associated with SRH. In particular, this study undertook a comprehensive investigation of the associations between sociodemographic, psychosocial, lifestyle factors, and SRH in China, the results of which could better inform medical researchers and governments from a Chinese perspective.

The tumor-promoting effect of TNF-alpha involves the induction of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor.

According to the cancer immunoediting concept, inflammatory mediators play not only a critical role in promoting host protection against cancer but also contribute to cancer cell growth and survival. TNF-alpha is a critical factor in this network. However, the mechanisms underlying the tumor-promoting effect of TNF-alpha have not been fully elucidated yet. We previously reported that in vitro culture of Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL cells with TNF-alpha-producing macrophages resulted in enhanced resistance toward TNF-alpha-mediated lysis and increased malignancy of the 3LL cells. In this study, we analyzed the effects of endogenous TNF-alpha on TNF-alpha resistance and malignant behavior in vivo of low-malignant/TNF-alpha-sensitive 3LL-S cells and cancer cells derived from 3LL-S tumors that developed in wild-type or TNF-alpha(-/-) mice. Interestingly, 3LL-S cells acquired a malignant phenotype in vivo depending on the presence of host TNF-alpha, whereas acquisition of TNF-alpha resistance was TNF-alpha-independent. This result suggested that malignancy-promoting characteristics of 3LL-S cells other than TNF-alpha resistance are influenced in vivo by TNF-alpha. We previously identified the malignancy-promoting genes, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and S100A4, as being up-regulated in 3LL-S cells upon their s.c. growth in wild-type mice. In this study, we show that SLPI, but not S100A4, was induced in 3LL-S cells both in vitro and in vivo by TNF-alpha, and that silencing of in vivo induced 3LL-S SLPI expression using RNA interference abrogated in vivo progression but did not influence TNF-alpha resistance. These data indicate that SLPI induction may be one mechanism whereby TNF-alpha acts as an endogenous tumor promoter.