RESUMO
Tigilanol tiglate is an oncolytic small molecule that is undergoing clinical trials. A recent study revealed the capacity of this pyroptosis inducer to elicit hallmarks of immunogenic cell death. In addition, intratumoral injection of tigilanol tiglate can sensitize subcutaneous cancers to subsequent immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 alone or in combination with PD-1.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Morte Celular Imunogênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígeno CTLA-4/antagonistas & inibidores , Antígeno CTLA-4/imunologia , Piroptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Doxorubicin is a prototypical inducer of immunogenic cell death (ICD) that sensitizes to subsequent immunotherapy by PD-1 blockade. However, this systemic drug combination fails against glioblastoma, hidden behind the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A recent work delineates a biophysical method for BBB permeabilization that yields effective preclinical effects of chemoimmunotherapy.
Assuntos
Barreira Hematoencefálica , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Doxorrubicina , Glioblastoma , Imunoterapia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1 , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioblastoma/patologia , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/imunologia , Humanos , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/imunologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Imunoterapia/métodos , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologiaRESUMO
Advances in single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing allow to study the specificity and functionality of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. A recent study unravels fundamental differences between microsatellite-instable (MSI) colorectal cancers, in which T cells tend to be tumor-specific, and microsatellite-stable (MSS) cancers, in which T cells exhibit bystander features.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Linfócitos T , Humanos , Análise de Célula Única , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral , Instabilidade de Microssatélites , Neoplasias Colorretais/genéticaRESUMO
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a novel class of cancer immunotherapy agents that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells and promote protective antitumor immunity. Furthermore, OVs can be used in combination with established or upcoming immunotherapeutic agents, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, to efficiently target a wide range of malignancies. The development of OV-based therapy involves three major steps before clinical evaluation: design, production and preclinical testing. OVs can be designed as natural or engineered strains and subsequently selected for their ability to kill a broad spectrum of cancer cells rather than normal, healthy cells. OV selection is further influenced by multiple factors, such as the availability of a specific viral platform, cancer cell permissivity, the need for genetic engineering to render the virus non-pathogenic and/or more effective and logistical considerations around the use of OVs within the laboratory or clinical setting. Selected OVs are then produced and tested for their anticancer potential by using syngeneic, xenograft or humanized preclinical models wherein immunocompromised and immunocompetent setups are used to elucidate their direct oncolytic ability as well as indirect immunotherapeutic potential in vivo. Finally, OVs demonstrating the desired anticancer potential progress toward translation in patients with cancer. This tutorial provides guidelines for the design, production and preclinical testing of OVs, emphasizing considerations specific to OV technology that determine their clinical utility as cancer immunotherapy agents.