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1.
Respir Res ; 25(1): 211, 2024 May 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38762736

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by abnormal and irreversible bronchial dilation resulting from lung tissue damage and can be categorized into two main groups: cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB). Both diseases are marked by recurrent infections, inflammatory exacerbations, and lung damage. Given that infections are the primary drivers of disease progression, characterization of the respiratory microbiome can shed light on compositional alterations and susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs in these cases compared to healthy individuals. METHODS: To assess the microbiota in the two studied diseases, 35 subjects were recruited, comprising 10 NCFB and 13 CF patients and 12 healthy individuals. Nasopharyngeal swabs and induced sputum were collected, and total DNA was extracted. The DNA was then sequenced by the shotgun method and evaluated using the SqueezeMeta pipeline and R. RESULTS: We observed reduced species diversity in both disease cohorts, along with distinct microbial compositions and profiles of antimicrobial resistance genes, compared to healthy individuals. The nasopharynx exhibited a consistent microbiota composition across all cohorts. Enrichment of members of the Burkholderiaceae family and an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the CF cohort emerged as key distinguishing factors compared to NCFB group. Staphylococcus aureus and Prevotella shahii also presented differential abundance in the CF and NCFB cohorts, respectively, in the lower respiratory tract. Considering antimicrobial resistance, a high number of genes related to antibiotic efflux were detected in both disease groups, which correlated with the patient's clinical data. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchiectasis is associated with reduced microbial diversity and a shift in microbial and resistome composition compared to healthy subjects. Despite some similarities, CF and NCFB present significant differences in microbiome composition and antimicrobial resistance profiles, suggesting the need for customized management strategies for each disease.


Assuntos
Bronquiectasia , Fibrose Cística , Microbiota , Humanos , Bronquiectasia/microbiologia , Bronquiectasia/tratamento farmacológico , Bronquiectasia/diagnóstico , Fibrose Cística/microbiologia , Fibrose Cística/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrose Cística/diagnóstico , Masculino , Feminino , Microbiota/fisiologia , Microbiota/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escarro/microbiologia , Adulto Jovem , Estudos de Coortes , Idoso
2.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38916653

RESUMO

Biosurfactants (BSFs) are molecules produced by microorganisms from various carbon sources, with applications in bioremediation and petroleum recovery. However, the production cost limits large-scale applications. This study optimized BSFs production by Bacillus velezensis (strain MO13) using residual glycerin as a substrate. The spherical quadratic central composite design (CCD) model was used to standardize carbon source concentration (30 g/L), temperature (34 °C), pH (7.2), stirring (239 rpm), and aeration (0.775 vvm) in a 5-L bioreactor. Maximum BSFs production reached 1527.6 mg/L of surfactins and 176.88 mg/L of iturins, a threefold increase through optimization. Microbial development, substrate consumption, concentration of BSFs, and surface tension were also evaluated on the bioprocess dynamics. Mass spectrometry Q-TOF-MS identified five surfactin and two iturin isoforms produced by B. velezensis MO13. This study demonstrates significant progress on BSF production using industrial waste as a microbial substrate, surpassing reported concentrations in the literature.

3.
Rheumatol Int ; 2023 Nov 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37925382

RESUMO

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect different organs beyond the joints. Ocular involvement includes keratoconjunctivitis sicca, peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK), episcleritis, scleritis, anterior uveitis, and corneal impairment. The most severe form of scleritis, scleromalacia perforans, is an aggressive ophthalmic manifestation that can potentially lead to blindness, usually occurring in late stages of disease. We report a case of an elderly woman in which this severe ocular manifestation occurred early on disease onset, differing from most of the previously reported cases of scleromalacia perforans. Ocular symptoms started concomitantly with the polyarthritis and other extra-articular manifestations, including rheumatoid nodules and vasculitic skin lesions. Ocular disease progressed due to patient's loss to follow-up, requiring pulse therapy with methylprednisolone. However, despite treatment, right eye enucleation was required due to melting of the corneal patch with uveal exposition. The patient was then treated with rituximab with improvement of systemic disease. The present case reinforces that, although rare, this complication is severe and must be promptly diagnosed and aggressively treated to improve prognosis of ocular and systemic RA.

4.
Acta Radiol ; 64(3): 1109-1115, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35876308

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) has been increasingly applied for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) diagnosis, but relatively little is known about the effect of CTS treatment on median nerve (MN) integrity and functional outcome prediction. PURPOSE: To assess how structural changes in MR-DTI of the MN correlates with symptom severity, functional status, and electrophysiological parameters in patients suffering from CTS before and after decompression surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine wrists were prospectively enrolled to perform MR-DTI pre- and postoperatively. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the MN were examined in three different regions-distal radioulnar joint, pisiform bone, and hamate bone-and correlated with clinical and electrophysiological parameters. RESULTS: Postoperatively, mean Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores decreased 1.55 points (range = 0.08-3; P = 0.0172) and 1.01 points (-0.13 to 1.88; P = 0.0381) in the symptomatic and functional domains, respectively. Postoperative clinical improvement was reflected in proximal FA elevation (P = 0.0078), but not in diffusivity in comparison to baseline examination. Preoperative electrophysiological parameters were correlated with a reduction in the pre- (sensory latencies [rho = -0.6826; P = 0.0312]) and postoperative (motor latencies [rho = -0.7488; P = 0.0325]) distal FA values. Higher sensory amplitudes indicated higher postoperative proximal FA values (rho = 0.7618; P = 0.0280) ​​and lower postoperative proximal ADC values (rho = -0.9047; P = 0.0020). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that pre- and postoperative proximal FA values are useful biomarkers for the structural evaluation of the MN in patients with CTS. Symptomatic improvement can be better predicted by analyzing FA changes.


Assuntos
Síndrome do Túnel Carpal , Humanos , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/cirurgia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Prognóstico , Biomarcadores , Descompressão
5.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(14)2023 Jul 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37511021

RESUMO

(1) There are several patients with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). A peptide derived from the primary sequence of a kallikrein inhibitor isolated from Bauhinia bauhinioides (pep-BbKI) has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Purpose: To investigate the effects of pep-BbKI treatment in an ACO model and compare them with those of corticosteroids. (2) BALB/c mice were divided into groups: SAL (saline), OVA (ovalbumin), ELA (elastase), ACO (ovalbumin + elastase), ACO-pep-BbKI (treated with inhibitor), ACO-DX (dexamethasone treatment), ACO-DX-pep-BbKI (both treatments), and SAL-pep-BbKI (saline group treated with inhibitor). We evaluated: hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), IL-1ß, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MMP-9, MMP-12, TGF-ß, collagen fibers, iNOS, eNO, linear mean intercept (Lm), and NF-κB in airways (AW) and alveolar septa (AS). (3) ACO-pep-BbKI reversed ACO alterations and was similar to SAL in all mechanical parameters, Lm, neutrophils, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MMP-12 (AW), collagen fibers, iNOS (AW), and eNO (p > 0.05). ACO-DX reversed ACO alterations and was similar to SAL in all mechanical parameters, Lm, total cells and differentials, IL-1ß(AS), IL-5 (AS), IL-6 (AS), IL-10 (AS), IL-13 (AS), IFN-γ, MMP-12 (AS), TGF-ß (AS), collagen fibers (AW), iNOS, and eNO (p > 0.05). SAL was similar to SAL-pep-BbKI for all comparisons (p > 0.05). (4) Pep-BbKI was similar to dexamethasone in reducing the majority of alterations of this ACO model.


Assuntos
Asma , Bauhinia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Animais , Camundongos , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-17 , Ovalbumina , Interleucina-13 , Interleucina-5 , Interleucina-6 , Metaloproteinase 12 da Matriz , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Calicreínas , Elastase Pancreática , Dexametasona , Colágeno , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C
6.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(19)2023 Sep 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37834157

RESUMO

The synthesized peptide derived from Enterolobium contortisiliquum (pep3-EcTI) has been associated with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and it may be a potential new treatment for asthma-COPD overlap-ACO). Purpose: To investigate the primary sequence effects of pep3-EcTI in an experimental ACO. BALB/c mice were divided into eight groups: SAL (saline), OVA (ovalbumin), ELA (elastase), ACO (ovalbumin + elastase), ACO-pep3-EcTI (treated with inhibitor), ACO-DX (treated with dexamethasone), ACO-DX-pep3-EcTI (treated with dexamethasone and inhibitor), and SAL-pep3-EcTI (saline group treated with inhibitor). We evaluated the hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, exhaled nitric oxide, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), mean linear intercept (Lm), inflammatory markers, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interferon (IFN)), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), growth factor (TGF-ß), collagen fibers, the oxidative stress marker inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transcription factors, and the signaling pathway NF-κB in the airways (AW) and alveolar septa (AS). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and t-tests, significant when p < 0.05. ACO caused alterations in the airways and alveolar septa. Compared with SAL, ACO-pep3-EcTI reversed the changes in the percentage of resistance of the respiratory system (%Rrs), the elastance of the respiratory system (%Ers), tissue resistance (%Gtis), tissue elastance (%Htis), airway resistance (%Raw), Lm, exhaled nitric oxide (ENO), lymphocytes, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ, MMP-12, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß, collagen fibers, and iNOS. ACO-DX reversed the changes in %Rrs, %Ers, %Gtis, %Htis, %Raw, total cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α, INF-γ, MMP-12, TGF-ß, collagen fibers, and iNOS. ACO-DX-pep3-EcTI reversed the changes, as was also observed for the pep3-EcTI and the ACO-DX-pep3-EcTI. Significance: The pep3-EcTI was revealed to be a promising strategy for the treatment of ACO, asthma, and COPD.


Assuntos
Asma , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Animais , Camundongos , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Ovalbumina/metabolismo , Interleucina-13/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 12 da Matriz/metabolismo , Asma/metabolismo , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Estresse Oxidativo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Elastase Pancreática/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Animais de Doenças
7.
J Neurovirol ; 28(2): 312-318, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35366736

RESUMO

Olfactory dysfunction is reported frequently in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. However, an effective treatment for this dysfunction is unknown. The present study evaluated carbamazepine as a treatment option for olfactory dysfunction based on its use in cases of neuralgia, especially of the V cranial nerve. The study included 10 patients with coronavirus disease with olfactory complaints who were part of a cohort of 172 coronavirus disease patients monitored for late neurological manifestations. Carbamazepine was administered for 11 weeks. The adverse effects reported were drowsiness (9/10) and dizziness (2/10); 9 of the 10 patients reported improved olfactory function after carbamazepine treatment. While the role of carbamazepine in the control of post-coronavirus disease olfactory dysfunction could not be confirmed in this study, the satisfactory response observed in most patients in this series suggests that further studies are warranted.


Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Transtornos do Olfato , COVID-19/complicações , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Olfato
8.
Am J Med Genet A ; 188(5): 1635-1638, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35080105

RESUMO

We report an individual from Brazil with SHORT syndrome. The term SHORT stands for its common characteristics: short stature (S), hyperextensibility of joints, and/or inguinal hernia (H), ocular depression (O), Rieger anomaly (R), and teething delay (T). In addition to most of the clinical signs previously described in SHORT syndrome, the patient presented here also shows microcephaly and intellectual disability. Diagnosis was confirmed by exome sequencing revealing a novel heterozygous variant c.1456G>A (p.Ala486Thr) at PIK3R1. Human recombinant growth hormone (r-hGH) therapy was administered prior to diagnosis; however, the use of r-hGH may have had a role in anticipating and worsening the glucose metabolic profile in the patient, as previously described. This article contributes to providing a better understanding of the SHORT syndrome genotype and its correlation with the phenotype, by comparing with it other reported cases.


Assuntos
Doenças Metabólicas , Nefrocalcinose , Adulto , Brasil , Classe Ia de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinase/genética , Transtornos do Crescimento , Humanos , Hipercalcemia , Nefrocalcinose/diagnóstico , Nefrocalcinose/genética , Fenótipo
9.
Eur Radiol ; 32(2): 1154-1162, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34363135

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prospectively the feasibility of magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) in identifying the anatomical characteristics of thenar muscular branch (TMB) of the median nerve, also known as the "million dollar nerve," in patients and controls. METHODS: Thirteen patients affected by carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and four healthy controls had their hands scanned on a 3-T MR imaging scanner for TMB visualization. Median nerve anatomical variations were classified into four groups according to Poisel's classification system modified by Lanz. TMB signal intensity and diameter were assessed for the diagnosis of neuropathy. RESULTS: TMB was successfully identified in all patients and subjects by using MRN. The most suitable pulse sequences to identify and measure nerve diameter were 3D DW-PSIF and T2-FS-TSE. The axial oblique and sagittal oblique planes are complementary in demonstrating its entire course. TMB had mostly an extraligamentous course with radial side origin (93.8%, each). All patients experienced increased T2 signal intensity (p < 0.001) and thickened nerves. Mean TMB diameters were 1.27 ± 0.21 mm (range, 1.02-1.74 mm) and 0.87 ± 0.16 mm (0.73-1.08 mm) (p = 0.008) in the patient and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: MRN is a reliable imaging technique for identification and anatomical characterization of TMB in patients affected by CTS. This innovative imaging workup may therefore be included in the preoperative evaluation of patients scheduled for carpal tunnel release, especially in CTS with TMB involvement or even in isolated TMB neuropathy. KEY POINTS: • Magnetic resonance neurography allows precise visualization of the thenar muscular branch of the median nerve. • Thenar muscular branch anatomical variations can be correctly identified. • Preoperative scanning can contribute to reducing the risk of iatrogenic injuries during carpal tunnel release, especially in carpal tunnel syndrome with thenar muscular branch involvement or even in isolated thenar muscular branch neuropathy.


Assuntos
Síndrome do Túnel Carpal , Nervo Mediano , Síndrome do Túnel Carpal/diagnóstico por imagem , Mãos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Nervo Mediano/diagnóstico por imagem
10.
Cell Biol Int ; 46(6): 976-985, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35257436

RESUMO

The physiological variations during the crustacean molting cycle have intrigued researchers for many years. Maintaining osmotic homeostasis in the face of hemolymph dilution and dealing with dynamic intracellular and extracellular calcium fluctuations are challenges these animals continuously confront. It has recently been shown that water channels present in the cell membrane (aquaporins) are essential for water uptake during premolt and postmolt. This study aims to investigate whether hypoosmotic shock and intracellular and extracellular calcium variations can lead to translocation of Aquaporin 1 (AQP-1) from the intracellular region to the plasma membrane during premolt and postmolt, thus allowing increased water flow in these stages. For this, we investigate in vitro the rapid change of AQP-1 positions in the abdominal muscle cells in the freshwater shrimp, Palaemon argentinus. Using cell volume analysis and immunohistochemistry, we show that hypoosmotic conditions and an elevation of the intracellular and extracellular calcium concentrations are concurrent with the translocation of AQP-1 to the plasma membrane. These results indicate that calcium flux and hypoosmotic shock may be regulators of AQP 1 in the translocation process.


Assuntos
Aquaporina 1 , Cálcio , Animais , Aquaporina 1/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Tamanho Celular , Células Musculares/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo
11.
J Neurovirol ; 27(1): 171-177, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33460014

RESUMO

The complete features of the neurological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still need to be elucidated, including associated cranial nerve involvement. In the present study we describe cranial nerve lesions seen in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of six cases of confirmed COVID-19, involving the olfactory bulb, optic nerve, abducens nerve, and facial nerve. Cranial nerve involvement was associated with COVID-19, but whether by direct viral invasion or autoimmunity needs to be clarified. The development of neurological symptoms after initial respiratory symptoms and the absence of the virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suggest the possibility of autoimmunity.


Assuntos
Nervo Abducente/diagnóstico por imagem , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/diagnóstico por imagem , Nervo Facial/diagnóstico por imagem , Bulbo Olfatório/diagnóstico por imagem , Nervo Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Nervo Abducente/imunologia , Nervo Abducente/patologia , Nervo Abducente/virologia , Adulto , Idoso , Autoimunidade , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/patologia , COVID-19/virologia , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/imunologia , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/patologia , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/virologia , Nervo Facial/imunologia , Nervo Facial/patologia , Nervo Facial/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Neuroimagem , Bulbo Olfatório/imunologia , Bulbo Olfatório/patologia , Bulbo Olfatório/virologia , Nervo Óptico/imunologia , Nervo Óptico/patologia , Nervo Óptico/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade
12.
J Neurovirol ; 27(4): 616-625, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34227044

RESUMO

Chikungunya fever is an arbovirus infection transmitted by the same mosquito vector of dengue and Zika virus. Besides high fever, common clinical symptoms include articular pain and general malaise. Neurological involvement is unusual, but some patients may develop peripheral and central nervous system involvement, including meningoencephalitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. We present three cases of Chikungunya fever complicated with extensive myelitis. The spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern is characterized by multiple dotted-like and longitudinal hyperintense lesions, with contrast enhancement, mostly distributed in the peripheral regions of the spinal cord. It seems that these lesions are mostly located in the perivascular spaces (PVS), related or not to virus attack. Involvement of brain PVS can also be demonstrated, as shown in two of the cases described. Considering the MRI pattern, extensive spinal cord lesion should include Chikungunya as a differential diagnosis, especially during an outbreak.


Assuntos
Febre de Chikungunya/complicações , Mielite/diagnóstico por imagem , Mielite/patologia , Mielite/virologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
13.
Birth ; 48(2): 251-256, 2021 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33543497

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate women's satisfaction with vaginal birth in a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 372 low-risk postpartum women were interviewed. Maternal satisfaction was measured by the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale (MCSRS), validated to Brazilian Portuguese. The scale is divided into six subscales: self-evaluation, partner, baby, nursing, physicians, and overall satisfaction. Childbirth care data were related to maternal mobility, shower bath, birth ball exercises, manual massage, and the health care providers assisting delivery. RESULTS: The MCSRS total score was significantly higher in women living with their partners than those not living with a partner (median 145.5 vs 133.0; P = 0.019), in women with a companion during childbirth than those with no labor support (146.0 vs 136.5; P = 0.047), and in women who early breastfed within the first hour compared with those who did not (146.0 vs 137.0; P = 0.001). Multiple regression identified 'living with partner' (coefficient 6.205; P = 0.043) and 'breastfeeding within the first hour' (coefficient 7.856; P = 0.005) as independent variables that determine the total score of MCSRS. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that living with one's partner and early initiation of breastfeeding are key factors enhancing satisfaction with vaginal birth in women who received care at a public Brazilian hospital.


Assuntos
Satisfação do Paciente , Satisfação Pessoal , Brasil , Feminino , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Lactente , Gravidez , Inquéritos e Questionários
14.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth ; 20(1): 437, 2020 Jul 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32727418

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the association between delays in obstetric care and neonatal near-miss mortality events and death in a public maternity referral center. METHODS: This case-control study enrolled 142 neonates, meeting the near-miss criteria of 5-min Apgar < 7, weight < 1500 g, gestational age < 32 weeks, and use of mechanical ventilation or congenital malformation, as well as 284 controls (without the near-miss criteria), at a ratio of 1:2. After follow-up, the following outcomes were reclassified: survival of the neonatal period without the near-miss criteria (true "controls"), "near-miss," and "neonatal death." Maternal sociodemographic characteristics, prenatal care, and pregnancy resolution were evaluated. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used. Simple logistic regression was performed to determine the association between the three delay factors with near-miss outcomes and/or neonatal death. The variables that had maintained values of p < 0.05 were subjected to multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Comparisons revealed the following associations: for controls and near-miss events, delayed access to health services due to a lack of specialized services (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-5.1) and inappropriate conduct with the patient (OR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.3-108.7); for controls and death, absent or inadequate prenatal care (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.6-7.1) and delayed access to health services due to a lack of specialized services (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.6); and for near-miss events and death, absent or inadequate prenatal care (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-5.0). Logistic regression for the combined outcome (near-miss plus neonatal deaths) revealed absent or inadequate prenatal care (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.8), lack of specialized services (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.7-4.5), and improper conduct with the patient (OR, 10.6; 95% CI, 1.2-91.8). CONCLUSIONS: The delays in obstetric care associated with the presence of near-miss and/or neonatal death included absent or inadequate prenatal care, delayed access to health services due to a lack of specialized services, and inappropriate conduct with the patient.


Assuntos
Mortalidade Infantil , Near Miss/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo para o Tratamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Apgar , Peso ao Nascer , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Morbidade , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
15.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 188: 109847, 2020 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31732268

RESUMO

Chlorothalonil is a fungicide present in antifouling paints and other formulations used in agriculture, although studies have shown this chemical to be toxic to fish species. To clarify the deleterious effects of chlorothalonil for these non-target organisms, the present study evaluated the toxic effects of this biocide for the estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara in terms of an acute mortality test (96 h) and the analysis of biomarkers of oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and sperm quality. The LC50 calculated for P. vivipara was 40.8 µg/L of chlorothalonil. For the analysis of biomarkers, fish were exposed (96 h) to 1 and 10 µg/L of chlorothalonil. It was observed that chlorothalonil alters the levels of pro- and antioxidants towards oxidative stress. In the gills, a negative effect on total antioxidant capacity (ACAP) was detected, while there was a reduction in the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver. However, levels of glutathione (GSH) and the activity and glutamate-cysteine-ligase (GCL) increased in both tissues, as a possible detoxification response. Following chlorothalonil exposure, oxidative damage measured by lipoperoxidation (LPO) significantly increased at the cellular level only (red blood cells (RBCs) and sperm cells). An increase in fluidity of membranes, reactive oxygen species concentration and micronuclei (MNs) incidence were also seen in RBCs. In sperm cells, LPO increased, while membrane and mitochondrial functionality as well as sperm motility decreased. Based on these results, chlorothalonil can be considered as a toxic compound for fish, causing genotoxicity and affecting the RBCs physiology and the fertility of males of P. vivipara.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores/análise , Nitrilas/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Poecilia/fisiologia , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Dano ao DNA , Desinfetantes/toxicidade , Fungicidas Industriais/toxicidade , Dose Letal Mediana , Masculino , Poecilia/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/fisiologia
16.
Pestic Biochem Physiol ; 167: 104591, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32527424

RESUMO

Extracellular traps (ETs) are extracellular nucleic acids associated with cytoplasmic proteins that may aid in the capture and killing of pathogens. To date, only a few insects were shown to display this kind of immune response. Jaburetox, a peptide derived from jack bean urease, showed toxic effects in Rhodnius prolixus, affecting its immune response. The present study aims to evaluate the role of extracellular nucleic acids in R. prolixus' immune response, using Jaburetox as a model entomotoxin. The insects were treated with extracellular nucleic acids and/or Jaburetox, and the cellular and humoral responses were assessed. We also evaluated the release of extracellular nucleic acids induced by toxins, and performed immunocompetence assays using pathogenic bacteria. Our results demonstrated that extracellular nucleic acids can modulate the insect immune responses, either alone or associated with the toxin. Although RNA and DNA induced a cellular immune response, only DNA was able to neutralize the Jaburetox-induced aggregation of hemocytes. Likewise, the activation of the humoral response was different for RNA and DNA. Nevertheless, it was observed that both, extracellular DNA and RNA, immunocompensated the Jaburetox effects on insect defenses upon the challenge of a pathogenic bacterium. The toxin was not able to alter cellular viability, in spite of inducing an increase in the reactive species of oxygen formation. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a protective role for extracellular nucleic acids in R. prolixus´ immune response to toxins and pathogenic bacteria.


Assuntos
Ácidos Nucleicos , Rhodnius , Animais , Canavalia , Sistema Imunitário , Urease
17.
Subst Use Misuse ; 55(10): 1660-1666, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32519554

RESUMO

Objective: To evaluate aggressiveness in individuals receiving treatment for alcohol and crack cocaine use, both alone and in combination with one another, in order to compare them to control subjects with no history of drug problems, using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Method: The sample consisted of 67 men aged 18-65 years, divided into four groups: alcohol (n = 13); crack cocaine (n = 25); crack cocaine + alcohol (n = 16) and controls (n = 13). Participants completed the following instruments: socioeconomic questionnaire, the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Results: Individuals with alcohol dependence alone, or comorbid with crack cocaine dependence, showed elevated levels of aggression and anger, though these varied according to the drug of abuse. Concurrent users of alcohol and crack cocaine had the highest levels of aggression, followed by isolated alcohol users, suggesting an association between alcohol consumption and aggression. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that alcohol and aggression levels may be associated with violent behavior. Concurrent use of alcohol and crack cocaine was related to higher levels of aggression, which may be associated with more severe alterations in behavior and impulse control.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína , Cocaína Crack , Agressão , Ira , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino
18.
COPD ; 17(5): 575-586, 2020 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32814449

RESUMO

Smoking is the main risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is known to have deleterious effects on bone metabolism. However, the effects on bone collagen matrix during the development of COPD are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal effect of cigarette smoke exposure on bone type I collagen during COPD development in a cigarette smoke-induced model. C57BL/6 mice were allocated to three groups: control (C), animals exposed to filtered air for 1, 3 and 6 months; cigarette smoke (S), animals exposed to cigarette smoke for 1, 3 and 6 months; provisional smoking (PS), animals exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 months, followed by another 3 months of filtered air exposure. Evaluation of the respiratory mechanics and alveolar enlargement were performed. Femoral and tibial extraction was also performed to evaluate the type I collagen by immunofluorescence and COL1A1 gene expression. Exposure to cigarette smoke led to an alveolar enlargement and progressive reduction in lung tissue resistance and elastance, progressive reduction of type I collagen and reduction in COL1A1 gene expression. Although we did not observe any improvement in the functional and histological parameters in the provisional smoking group, we detected an increase in COL1A1 gene expression. A worsening in bone collagen matrix is part of the initial physiopathological events during COPD development and the smoking cessation induced an evident recovery of COL1A1 expression, possibly to attempt at tissue repair.


Assuntos
Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/metabolismo , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/patologia , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Animais , Cadeia alfa 1 do Colágeno Tipo I , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/etiologia , Mecânica Respiratória/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo
19.
Acta Odontol Scand ; 78(2): 146-151, 2020 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31519125

RESUMO

Objective: Dental caries and hyperglycaemia share common risk factors. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with dental caries in women in the immediate postpartum period. It also verified whether women with hyperglycaemia presented more dental caries than those with normal glycaemia.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 297 women recruited from a teaching hospital in Brazil (from October 2011 to November 2012). Dental caries and oral biofilm were evaluated by oral examination. The blood glucose was accessed by Haemoglobin A1c test. Information on socioeconomic characteristics, harmful habits and oral health habits was also gathered.Results: More than half (66%) of the women had carious lesions. Univariate analysis showed no association between hyperglycaemia and dental caries (p = .39). The hierarchical logistic regression model showed that the following variables were associated with dental caries: maternal education level ≤8 years (ORadjusted = 2.40 [CI 1.19-4.82]), previous children (ORadjusted = 1.81 [CI 1.08-3.03), use of dental floss (ORadjusted = .48 [CI 0.27-0.86]), and visible plaque index ≥30% (ORadjusted = 1.83 [CI 1.05-3.20]).Conclusions: These findings call attention to the need to implement effective public policies directed at avoiding tooth decay in pregnancy and in the postpartum period.


Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Hiperglicemia , Período Pós-Parto , Adulto , Biofilmes , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Cárie Dentária/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperglicemia/complicações , Boca/microbiologia , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos
20.
Molecules ; 25(22)2020 Nov 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33207637

RESUMO

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) do not have a stable 3D structure but still have important biological activities. Jaburetox is a recombinant peptide derived from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) urease and presents entomotoxic and antimicrobial actions. The structure of Jaburetox was elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance which reveals it is an IDP with small amounts of secondary structure. Different approaches have demonstrated that Jaburetox acquires certain folding upon interaction with lipid membranes, a characteristic commonly found in other IDPs and usually important for their biological functions. Soyuretox, a recombinant peptide derived from the soybean (Glycine max) ubiquitous urease and homologous to Jaburetox, was also characterized for its biological activities and structural properties. Soyuretox is also an IDP, presenting more secondary structure in comparison with Jaburetox and similar entomotoxic and fungitoxic effects. Moreover, Soyuretox was found to be nontoxic to zebra fish, while Jaburetox was innocuous to mice and rats. This profile of toxicity affecting detrimental species without damaging mammals or the environment qualified them to be used in biotechnological applications. Both peptides were employed to develop transgenic crops and these plants were active against insects and nematodes, unveiling their immense potentiality for field applications.


Assuntos
Proteínas Intrinsicamente Desordenadas/química , Proteínas Intrinsicamente Desordenadas/metabolismo , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Urease/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Urease/química
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