RESUMO
The aims of this study were to explore the effects of Astragaloside IV on diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats. A total of 38 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups: 10 in the normal (control) group, 14 in the DN model group, and 14 in the AS-IV group. Treatment began one week after the streptozotocin DN model was successfully established. Blood glucose and urine micro-albumin levels were measured every four weeks. After being treated for 12 weeks, all SD rats were sacrificed for blood and renal specimen collec-tion. Renal cortex specimens were observed after hematoxylin and eo-sin and Masson staining. Expression levels of protein ß1, ß1-integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK) and α-actinin-4 were also measured. After eight weeks of intervention, blood glucose levels in the AS-IV group decreased significantly when compared with those of the model group (P < 0.01). By the end of the twelfth week, the urine micro-albumin levels showed significant differences (P < 0.01) between the AS-IV and model groups, and the expression levels of integrin ß1, ILK, and α-actinin-4 also showed significant differences (P < 0.05, respectively). Concomitantly, expression levels of integrin ß1, ILK, and α-actinin-4 in the model group were significantly different from those of normal group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that AS-IV can be quite effective in decreasing blood glucose levels, reducing urine albumin excretion, and improving the adhesion function of potocytes, and can thus delay the development of DN.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Nefropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Saponinas/administração & dosagem , Triterpenos/administração & dosagem , Actinina/genética , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/genética , Nefropatias Diabéticas/patologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Integrina beta1/genética , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Masculino , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , RatosRESUMO
Keloids are common abnormal raised fibroproliferative lesions that can occur following even minor cutaneous trauma. There is strong evidence suggesting a genetic susceptibility in individuals affected by keloids including familial heritability, common occurrence in twins, and high prevalence in certain ethnic populations. Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) have been proposed to modulate the immune response to keloids. HLA class II molecules are critical to the development of CD4(+) T-lymphocyte responses through their role in antigen presentation. No report has been published on HLA-DRB1 association with keloids in Chinese Han individuals. To investigate the etiology of keloids, the polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer method was used to analyze the distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles in 192 patients with keloids and 273 healthy control individuals. Controls were matched by sex, age, and race. The HLA-DRB1*15 allele [19.01% vs 12.09%, odds ratio(OR) = 2.10, Pc = 0.024] was significantly more prevalent among keloid patients than healthy controls, whereas the frequency of the HLA-DRB1*03 allele (1.04% vs 4.95%, OR = 0.19, Pc = 0.022) was lower among keloid patients. Furthermore, through stratified analysis, we found that the HLA-DRB1*15 allele is related to the multiple-site group, severe group, and family history of keloids. This study supports an association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and susceptibility or resistance to keloids in Chinese Han individuals. The association of certain HLA alleles with susceptibility or resistance to keloids provides clues to choosing proper preventive strategies against keloid disease.
Assuntos
Alelos , Povo Asiático/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Antígenos HLA-DR/metabolismo , Queloide/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Cadeias HLA-DRB1 , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Cisto Epidérmico/genética , Queratinas/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , China , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , LinhagemAssuntos
Envelhecimento , Animais , DNA/metabolismo , Feminino , Radicais Livres , Genética , Hormônios/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunidade , Expectativa de Vida , Masculino , Mutação , Biossíntese de ProteínasRESUMO
We use a mixed Poisson regression model with extra variation to analyse mortality data cross-classified by age and geographic region. We use estimates of dispersion parameter and fixed effects parameters, obtained by maximizing a marginal quasi-likelihood function, to estimate mortality rates in an empirical Bayes manner. This is a modification of an earlier method by Tsutakawa that used the likelihood function and is computationally impractical for routine use. In order to apply the extended quasi-likelihood function, a linear variance function (of the mean) is used in place of a quadratic one used previously. We illustrate the method with male lung cancer deaths in the state of Missouri.
Assuntos
Funções Verossimilhança , Mortalidade , Distribuição por Idade , Teorema de Bayes , Viés , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Masculino , Missouri/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Poisson , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Características de ResidênciaRESUMO
A compound effective for the treatment of ovine theileriosis was selected and a slow-release preparation (named Kangjiaoming) was prepared. A total of 1,172 sheep and goats in Zhangjiachuan, Lintan and Yuzhong Counties, Gansu Province, where small ruminants are seriously affected by theileriosis, were injected with this preparation at a dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight. The infection rate of the control group in each of the above-mentioned counties was 98.5%, 85% and 80%, respectively. None of the treated animals became sick due to theileriosis. This drug proved to be useful for the treatment of carrier cases, although its effect was apparently slower than in acute theileriosis. The effect of the preparation on some weak animals was not satisfactory.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/administração & dosagem , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Theileriose/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Doenças das Cabras/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Cabras , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Theileriose/prevenção & controle , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks collected in the Gannan Tibet Autonomous Region were infested onto a sheep from a Babesia-free area. A strain of small Babesia (1.8-2.1 microm in length) was isolated from the sheep. Most of the Babesia in erythrocytes were round, oval, single pyriform, double pyriform, budding or elongated in form. Measurements were made of 100 single sides of the double-pyriform Babesia and compared with those for B. motasi and B. ovis from Holland, using Student's t-test. The Gannan small Babesia was similar to the B. ovis from Holland, but differed significantly from the Dutch B. motasi.
Assuntos
Vetores Aracnídeos/parasitologia , Babesia/patogenicidade , Babesiose/veterinária , Ixodidae/parasitologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/parasitologia , Animais , Babesia/fisiologia , Babesiose/parasitologia , Parasitemia/parasitologia , Parasitemia/veterinária , Ovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/fisiopatologia , VirulênciaRESUMO
A rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic method, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was developed for the diagnosis of Theileria sp. infection in sheep; and optimal conditions were established, such as antigen concentration, serum dilution, coating time, Tween-20 concentration and conjugate. The results were analyzed by measuring the coefficient of variation (CV). Three sera titers (high, middle, low) were analyzed over the measurement range, resulting in a CV of around 10%, whereas a 30% variation is the maximum acceptable. The cut-off value was determined by the mean of a negative control plus three standard deviations. Cross-reaction was found only with Babesia ovis. However, this result may be questionable, because it cannot be excluded that these sheep were already infected with both Theileria sp. and B. ovis. The ELISA described in the present study proved to be a useful tool for studying the epidemiology of Theileria sp.