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With both TEMPO and O2 (in air) as the homogeneous redox mediators, BiBrO as the heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalyst, the first example of semi-heterogeneous photocatalytic decarboxylative phosphorylation of N-arylglycines with diarylphosphine oxides was established. A series of α-amino phosphinoxides were efficiently synthesized.
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The first example of an electrochemical multicomponent synthesis of selenium-containing compounds with inexpensive and abundant elemental selenium as the selenating reagent was developed. A variety of selenazol-2-amines were constructed in high yields with good functional group tolerance under metal-free and chemical oxidant-free conditions.
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The first paired electrolysis-enabled arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was achieved using cyanoarenes as the arylation reagents. A variety of 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with various important functional groups were obtained in moderate to good yields under metal- and chemical oxidant-free conditions. With a pair of reductive and oxidative processes occurring among the substrates and reaction intermediates, the power consumption can be dramatically reduced.
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A general and efficient method for the synthesis of various selanyl phenanthrenes/polycyclic heteroaromatics through the electrophilic annulation of 2-alkynyl biaryls with diorganyl diselenides under metal-free and mild conditions was established. The sulfanyl phenanthrene was also obtained in moderate yields.
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To describe the knowledge and attitude of Chinese patients with advanced cancer towards advanced care planning (ACP), a convenience sample of 275 patients with advanced cancer was recruited from a tertiary cancer hospital in Beijing, China, between February and December 2017. The multi-item questionnaire focused on patients' demographics, disease characteristics and knowledge about and attitude towards ACP and was administered to eligible patients. Descriptive statistics were performed. Most patients had never heard about ACP (82.2%) and had never talked about ACP (83.0%), but only a few (18.3%) were not willing to talk about ACP. A total of 67.8% patients chose to refuse resuscitation attempts or life-sustaining medical interventions, and 70.8% of patients hoped to have surrogate decision makers when they became unconscious. By binary logistic regression analysis, patients who were of greater age, female and living in urban areas preferred to refuse resuscitation attempts or life-sustaining medical interventions (OR = 1.023, P = 0.042; OR = 2.011, P = 0.020; OR = 0.254, P < 0.01); patients who had very rich or rich family economic status preferred to involve surrogate decision makers compared with patients of very poor family economic status (OR = 0.250, P = 0.011). There is a large gap between the knowledge about ACP and the expectation of implementing ACP in Chinese patients with advanced cancer. To develop culturally appropriate and individualized programmes to promote knowledge and implementation in practice of ACP among Chinese patients with advanced cancer and their relatives is still a significant challenge.
Assuntos
Planejamento Antecipado de Cuidados , Neoplasias , Povo Asiático , China , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Minimally invasive surgery on treatment of early-stage cervical cancer is debatable. Traditional approaches of colpotomy are considered responsible for an inferior oncological outcome. Evidence on whether protective colpotomy could optimize minimally invasive technique and improve prognoses of women with early-stage cervical cancer remains limited. We produced a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare oncological outcomes of the patients treated by minimally invasive radical hysterectomy with protective colpotomy to those treated by open surgery according to existing literature. We explored PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to December 2022. Inclusion criteria were: (1) randomized controlled trials or observational studies published in English, (2) studies comparing minimally invasive radical hysterectomy with protective colpotomy to abdominal radical hysterectomy in early-stage cervical cancer, and (3) studies comparing survival outcomes. Two reviewers performed the screening, data extraction, and quality assessment independently. A total of 8 retrospective cohort studies with 2020 women were included in the study, 821 of whom were in the minimally invasive surgery group, and 1199 of whom were in the open surgery group. The recurrence-free survival and overall survival in the minimally invasive surgery group were both similar to that in the open surgery group (pooled hazard ratio, 0.88 and 0.78, respectively; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-1.38 and 0.42-1.44, respectively). Minimally invasive radical hysterectomy with protective colpotomy on treatment of early-stage cervical cancer had similar recurrence-free survival and overall survival compared to abdominal radical hysterectomy. Protective colpotomy could be a guaranteed approach to modifying minimally invasive technique.
Assuntos
Colpotomia , Histerectomia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidade , Histerectomia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Colpotomia/métodos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
A green and practical method for the electrochemical synthesis of tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones through the three-component reaction of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, N-arylglycines and paraformaldehyde was reported. In this strategy, EtOH played dual roles (eco-friendly solvent and waste-free pre-catalyst) and the inâ situ generated ethoxide promoted triple sequential deprotonations.
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In this work, a new pyrylium derivatization-assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed for metabolite profiling of the glutathione anabolic pathway (GAP) in cancer tissues and cells. The pyrylium salt of 6,7-dimethoxy-3-methyl isochromenylium tetrafluoroborate (DMMIC) was used to label the amino group of metabolites, and a reductant of dithiothreitol (DTT) was employed to stabilize the thiol group. By combining DMMIC derivatization with LC-MS, it was feasible to quantify the 13 main metabolites on the GAP in complex biological samples, which had good linearity (R2 = 0.9981-0.9999), precision (interday precision of 1.6%-19.0% and intraday precision of 1.4%-19.8%) and accuracy (83.4%-115.7%). Moreover, the recovery assessments in tissues (82.5%-107.3%) and in cells (98.1%-118.9%) with GSH-13C2, 15N, and Cys-15N demonstrated the reliability of the method in detecting tissues and cells. Following a methodological evaluation, the method was applied successfully to investigate difference in the GAP between the carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the effect of p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (CMSP) on the GAP in KYSE-150 esophageal cancer cells. The results demonstrate that the developed method provides a promising new tool to elucidate the roles of GAP in physiological and pathological processes, which can contribute to research on drugs and diseases.
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With both ferrocene and air as the redox catalysts, for the first time, the low-cost natural ilmenite (FeTiO3) was successfully used for photocatalytic bond formations. Under the assistance of a traceless H-bond, and HCHO as the methylene reagent, a variety of imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalinones were semi-heterogeneously photosynthesized in high yields with good functional group compatibility.