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1.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 51(2): 131-138, 2020 Mar.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32220177

RESUMO

This review summarizes the ongoing researches regarding etiology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, treatment, and prevention and control strategies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with comparison to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and pandemic H1N1 virus. SARS-CoV-2 may be originated from bats, and the patients and asymptomatic carriers are the source of epidemic infection. The virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact, and people at all ages are susceptible to this virus. The main clinical symptoms of the patients are fever and cough, accompanied with leukocytopenia and lymphocytopenia. Effective drugs have been not yet available thus far. In terms of the prevention and control strategies, vaccine development as the primary prevention should be accelerated. Regarding the secondary prevention, ongoing efforts of the infected patients and close contacts quarantine, mask wearing promotion, regular disinfection in public places should be continued. Meanwhile, rapid detection kit for serological monitoring of the virus in general population is expected so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment. In addition, public health education on this disease and prevention should be enhanced so as to mitigate panic and mobilize the public to jointly combat the epidemic.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Doenças Assintomáticas , Betacoronavirus/patogenicidade , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Tosse/etiologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Febre/etiologia , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Leucopenia/etiologia , Linfopenia/etiologia , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , SARS-CoV-2 , Prevenção Secundária , Vacinas Virais
2.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 50(4): 551-555, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31642234

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status and influencing factors of the knowledge and behavior related to brucellosis among occupational workers in Jianyang city, and to provide basic information for developing regional specific strategies for brucellosis prevention and control. METHODS: With multistage cluster random sampling, occupational workers aged ≥18 yr. who had been in contact with sheep and their products were interviewed through a questionnaire about demographic characteristic, knowledge, and behavior related to brucellosis. The knowledge and practice scores were described as frequency and percentage, and the awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis was calculated. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of knowledge and behavior related to brucellosis. RESULTS: In total, 378 workers were recruited. The minority (25.1%) of the workers had heard of brucellosis, and the awareness rate of brucellosis was 22.0%. Occupational protective behaviors were poor, and the scoring rates of wearing protective clothes, mask and gloves were 58.7%, 76.5%, 71.7% respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis decreased with age, while the low educational level was found to be associated with low awareness of knowledge about brucellosis, and occupation type had association with the awareness rate of knowledge. Besides, the awareness of knowledge about brucellosis was a protective factor and occupation type were associated with the behavior related to brucellosis. CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and behavior related to brucellosis are poor among occupational workers in Jianyang. It is necessary to continuously implement targeted health education and health promotion programs in this region, and the people with low education level and livestock farmers should be paid special attention to.


Assuntos
Brucelose , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Animais , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Ovinos , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Biomed Environ Sci ; 26(7): 562-70, 2013 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23895701

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the HIV current situation in Liangshan prefecture, in order to predict prevalence and transmission trends. METHODS: Region-specific population, behavior, serosurveillence, and policy/program data (from 1995 to 2010) were gathered from various local and national organizations and applied to the Asian Epidemic Model (AEM) and used to derive estimates of future HIV prevalence, epidemic trends, and outcomes of intervention strategies. RESULTS: The AEM projections for 2020 included increased number of people living with HIV (PLHIV; to 136 617), increased HIV prevalence (2.51%), and 8037 deaths from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in this region. However, the overall HIV incidence rate (per 10 000) was projected to decline from 27 in 2015 to 22 in 2020, largely due to a predicted decrease in HIV infection rate (per 10 000) from 658 in 2013 to 621 in 2020 among intravenous drug users. In contrast, the cases of HIV infection per 10 000 was projected to increase from 420 in 2010 to 503 in 2020 among men who have sex with men, and from 8 in 2010 to 15 in 2020 among the general population. The predominant risk factor for HIV transmission over the next decade in Liangshan was casual sex. Community-based outreach strategies to reduce injected drug use and casual sex, and to promote condom use, were predicted as effective interventions to decrease HIV transmission. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a comprehensive public health program, with targeting to the region-specific at-risk populations, will help to mitigate HIV/AIDS spread in Liangshan.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , China/etnologia , Epidemias , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupos Minoritários , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem
4.
BMC Public Health ; 12: 544, 2012 Jul 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22823998

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 2003, Plasmodium vivax malaria has re-emerged in central eastern China including Yongcheng prefecture, Henan Province, where no case has been reported for eleven years. Our goals were to detect the space-time distribution pattern of malaria and to determine significant environmental variables contributing to malaria incidence in Yongcheng from 2006 to 2010, thus providing scientific basis for further optimizing current malaria surveillance and control programs. METHODS: This study examined the spatial and temporal heterogeneities in the risk of malaria and the influencing factors on malaria incidence using geographical information system (GIS) and time series analysis. Univariate analysis was conducted to estimate the crude correlations between malaria incidence and environmental variables, such as mosquito abundance and climatic factors. Multivariate analysis was implemented to construct predictive models to explore the principal environmental determinants on malaria epidemic using a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) approach. RESULTS: Annual malaria incidence at town-level decreased from the north to south, and monthly incidence at prefecture-level demonstrated a strong seasonal pattern with a peak from July to November. Yearly malaria incidence had a visual spatial association with yearly average temperature. Moreover, the best-fit temporal model (model 2) (QIC = 16.934, P<0.001, R2 = 0.818) indicated that significant factors contributing to malaria incidence were maximum temperature at one month lag, average humidity at one month lag, and malaria incidence of the previous month. CONCLUSIONS: Findings supported the effects of environment factors on malaria incidence and indicated that malaria control targets should vary with intensity of malaria incidence, with more public resource allocated to control the source of infections instead of large scale An. sinensis control when malaria incidence was at a low level, which would benefit for optimizing the malaria surveillance project in China and some other countries with unstable or low malaria transmission.


Assuntos
Malária Vivax/epidemiologia , Animais , Anopheles/parasitologia , China/epidemiologia , Meio Ambiente , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Humanos , Incidência , Malária Vivax/etiologia , Plasmodium vivax , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Tempo (Meteorologia)
5.
Biomed Environ Sci ; 25(3): 297-304, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22840580

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to establish the contemporary epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guizhou Province. METHODS: A retrospective study of National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) data from 1971 through 2009, was conducted to ascertain the geographical, seasonal, and age distributions of JE incidence in Guizhou Province, China. RESULTS: A total of 68 425 JE cases were reported in Guizhou from 1971-2009. The JE cases occurred sporadically in all 9 prefectures of Guizhou, mostly among residents of rural areas. Seasonal distribution of JE remained consistent over the period from 1971-2009 with the main transmission season starting from June to September and peaking in August. JE occurred mainly in children under the age of 15 years with peak incidence in the 0-6-year age group. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that JE vaccine distribution had a negative correlation with JE incidence rates during 1971-2009 (coefficient of correlation=-0.475, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Over the period of 1971-2009, the JE incidence rate had declined dramatically in terms of geographical and age distributions due to JE vaccination to children at risk.


Assuntos
Encefalite Japonesa/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , China/epidemiologia , Encefalite Japonesa/mortalidade , Encefalite Japonesa/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estações do Ano , Fatores de Tempo , Vacinas Virais/imunologia
6.
Int J Infect Dis ; 105: 769-775, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33618006

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To describe epidemiological trends and spatial distributions of HIV/AIDS among older adults (aged ≥50) in Sichuan Province, China during 2008-19, and provide scientific reference for HIV/AIDS prevention, intervention and treatment. METHODS: Data on HIV/AIDS cases reported in 2008-19 was extracted from the Case Report System. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to determine epidemic trends. Spatial autocorrelation and space-time analysis were conducted with ArcGIS10.6 and ArcGIS Pro2.4, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 77854 HIV/AIDS cases among older adults were included in the study. Newly reported cases increased from 320 in 2008 to 22189 in 2019, and the reported incidence rate (number of new reported cases/older adult population) rose from 0.001% to 0.077%. Infections through heterosexual transmission increased from 65.3% to 98.2% of total cases in older adults in this period. Spatial analysis at the county-level showed significant clustering throughout Sichuan, with the main hot spots concentrated in the southeast. Spatiotemporal analysis indicated that most of the southeastern counties/districts were Consecutive Hot Spots. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults have become a key population in the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Sichuan; comprehensive prevention and intervention measures targeted to older adults are urgently needed to control the spread of HIV/AIDS.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Idoso , China/epidemiologia , Epidemias , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Análise Espacial , Análise Espaço-Temporal
7.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 90(12): 839-43, 2010 Mar 30.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20450625

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To develop the evaluation tool for the risk level of abnormal glucose metabolism morbidity in the middle-aged and elder populations. METHODS: By the stratified cluster sampling method, a survey was conducted in middle-aged and elder populations aged 40 - 70 years old in urban and rural areas of Chengdu during April-November 2008. The parameters included blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, blood glucose after oral administration of 75 g glucose, blood lipid, blood uric acid, height, body weight and waistline, etc. A total of 5205 valid copies of questionnaires were obtained. A discriminant analysis and a multifactorial logistic regression analysis were conducted. The quantitative scoring system was established and the ROC analysis conducted to screen the boundary point of the quantitative scoring system. The discriminant performance of simple scoring model was conducted in 336 subjects for physical examination. RESULTS: The accuracies of discriminant analysis in male and female models were 79.04% and 81.35% respectively. The simple male scoring mode included the following eight parameters: age, physical work intensity, parental history of diabetes mellitus, sibling's history of diabetes mellitus, BMI index, existing abdominal obesity and history of hypertension. The simple female scoring mode included the following eight parameters: age, physical work intensity, physical training, parental history of diabetes mellitus, sibling's history of diabetes mellitus, BMI index, existing abdominal obesity, history of hypertension, number of parturition and history of gestational diabetes mellitus. The ROC AUCs were 0.701 and 0.728 in male and female models respectively. During applications in other populations, the sensitivity and specificity of the male model were 86.86% and 65.12% while those of female model 88.89% and 72.97% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed evaluation tool for the risk level of abnormal glucose metabolism morbidity in middle-aged and elder populations is both simple and practical. With an excellent practicability; it may be used to screen abnormal glucose metabolism in middle-aged and elder populations.


Assuntos
Intolerância à Glucose/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Metabolismo de Glucose/epidemiologia , Design de Software , Adulto , Idoso , China/epidemiologia , Feminino , Intolerância à Glucose/metabolismo , Transtornos do Metabolismo de Glucose/metabolismo , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco
9.
Infect Genet Evol ; 67: 44-50, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30347249

RESUMO

Enterovirus 71 is the main pathogen that causes severe and fatal hand-foot-mouth-disease (HFMD) cases. As the enterovirus virus mutation has implications for pathogenesis, vaccine development, antiviral therapy, and epidemiological disease management of the virus. In this study, we investigated the variations of enterovirus 71 in thermal adaption, using the method of adaptive laboratory evolution. The sibling virus strains were isolated from a 2-year-old severe case of HFMD (#100) and her symptomless close contact (#101). Both strains were cultured in Vero cells by serial passage of 36 generations at the temperatures of 28.0 °C, 33.0 °C and 39.5 °C to construct adaptive lineages. According to the comparative analysis of phenotypes between adapted strains and parental strains, differences in growth rate were observed in the sibling lineages and a larger plaque was found mainly in the hot adapted strains for lineage #101. Two sets of adaptive strains from six time points (parental, 12th 17th, 31st, 35th passage and endpoint) were sequenced and analyzed by both Sanger sequencing and Next Generation Sequencing. Several variations in most coding genes and one reverse mutation in 5'UTR was observed, along with the identity of 99.8% for complete genome for both lineages. Notably, thermal specific non-synonymous mutations were found in the gene of VP1\VP3\3A\2C\3C. Moreover, the concurrent mutations A292G, A434G and A355C/T of sibling lineages in VP1 showed quantificational trace with distinguishing patterns for different temperatures, which were suspected to be the thermo-sensitive mutation hotspots. These results highlight the possible rules of thermal adaption in enterovirus 71, produce a novel picture of genome evolution of the virus, and shed light on viral variation and evolution.


Assuntos
Adaptação Biológica , Enterovirus Humano A/classificação , Enterovirus Humano A/genética , Temperatura , Regiões 5' não Traduzidas , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Células Cultivadas , Chlorocebus aethiops , Infecções por Enterovirus/virologia , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Células Vero , Ensaio de Placa Viral , Replicação Viral
10.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi ; 24(1): 84-7, 2007 Feb.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17285552

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations and risk factors of the patients from developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH) family. METHODS: Detailed epidemiology investigation, physical examination, functional movement assessment, lab test and X-ray examination were applied to the whole members of a DDH family. RESULTS: In the family with 9 generations and 218 persons, the incidence of DDH was 31.03% in 145 survivors. Patients mainly manifested bilateral knee and hip joint pain, flexion contracture of hip, limitation in internal and external rotation of hip; a few had arthritic functional disorder, deformation, and limp. The radiography illustrated shallow acetabulum with increased inclination, which encompassed the femoral head badly. Deformation of the femoral head, narrow joint space and osteophyte were also found by X-ray examination. The main risk factors of DDH were genetic factors, gender, birth season etc. The son or daughter with one or two DDH parents had a higher risk for developing DDH than those with no DDH parents. Furthermore, first-degree relatives of the DDH patients also had a greater chance to develop DDH than second-degree relatives and third-degree relatives. The incidence among females was higher than males, and the family member who was given birth in winter had a highest risk for developing DDH. However, there was no difference between incidence of DDH in children and youths and in adults; the incidence of DDH in the immigrants with no blood relationship also did not differ from the incidence of DDH in the family member. CONCLUSION: The genetic factors play an important role in the development of DDH, so do the environmental factors.


Assuntos
Luxação Congênita de Quadril/diagnóstico , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto Jovem
11.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu ; 35(5): 634-6, 2006 Sep.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17086722

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general hospital of main cities in China. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four main cities in China in 2004. 359 CHD patients were recruited continually during six months from the outpatient and inpatient department of 7 tertiary hospitals. Face-to-face interview was used in data collection together with the self-completed HAD scale for depressive and/or anxiety symptom screening. Multinomial Logistic Model was adopted in data analysis. RESULTS: Among 359 CHD patients, 82 (22.8%) obtained a HAD score of 9 and above. Non-ambulatory patients had a statistically higher risk of depressive symptoms (OR = 17.996, 95 % CI:3.872 - 83.636); subjects younger than 65 years old, or having an education year equal or less than 9 year, or having a self-assessment of CHD deterioration had increased risk of anxiety symptoms with the ORs at 3.151 (95% CI: 1.151-8.629), 3.154(95% CI: 1.094-9.092) and 4.229 (95% CI: 1.396-12.809) respectively. Hospitalized (OR = 4.887, 95% CI: 1.711-13.960) and non-ambulatory (OR = 6.583, 95% CI: 2.776-15.612) CHD patients were more liable to suffer both depressive and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION: It was noticeable to health care providers both in somatic disease care and mental health care that non-ambulatory status, younger than 65 years old, lower education level, felt deterioration of CHD and hospitalization were possible risk factors for depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in patients with CHD in general hospitals in urban China.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Doença das Coronárias/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ansiedade/etiologia , Doença das Coronárias/complicações , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Depressão/etiologia , Feminino , Hospitais Gerais , Hospitais Urbanos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários
12.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu ; 35(6): 775-80, 2006 Nov.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17290765

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and molecular prevalence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS) in Chengdu. METHODS: Disk diffusion method was used to test antimicrobial resistance of 2038 CoNS isolated from 15 hospitals and 6 CDCs (center for disease control and prevention) in Chengdu, the results were interpreted according to the guideline of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. CoNS were typed with plasmid and PFGE (pulsed field gel electrophoresis) profiles. RESULTS: (1) S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. saprophyticus accounted for 82.2% of the CoNS isolated from Chengdu, with different constituent ratio of CoNS among patients, medical staff, sick children and normal people. (2) CoNS resisted to one or more antimicrobial agents with resistance rate of 80.4% . CoNS resisted highly to SMZ, penicillin-G, ampicillin, erythromycin, TMP-SMZ and tetracycline, but were susceptible to vancomycin, norfloxacin and amikacin. 25 antimicrobial resistance profiles were acquired, and Amp + Ery + P-G + SMZ, Amp + Gen + Str + Tet, Amp + P-G + Tet, Chl + Ery + P-G + SMZ + TS, Ern + Nov + P-G + SMZ + TS, as well as P-G + SMZ + TS were main profiles. The main antimicrobial resistance profiles of CoNS isolated from patients, medical staff, sick children and normal people had some differences, but the antimicrobial resistance of main biochemical subtypes was similar a lot. (3) Plasmid prevalence of CoNS was 72.9%, with 12 plasmid profiles ( I -H ) of all CoNS. The main profiles were I , U , and MI type, which accounted for 80.1% of 1485 CoNS with plasmid. (4) 29 PFGE genotypes and 112 subtypes were found in 2038 strains. Genotypes A, B, C, D and E were the predominant types in CoNS from patients, medical staff, sick children and normal people and contributed 89.1% to 2038 CONS. Genotypes A was the major type and had similar constituent ratio in CoNS from 4 sources, and no enough similarity of constituent ratio in other dominant genotypes. CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial resistance rate of CoNS was very high in Chengdu and multi-resistance existed in various populations generally. High homology was found in CoNS from different sources, especially from medical staff as well as sick children and infant, and a latent inter-transmission may occur in these populations. So it was no time to delay the monitoring and investigation of antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology for CoNS in Chengdu.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , China/epidemiologia , Coagulase , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Genótipo , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Plasmídeos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação
13.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu ; 35(6): 785-8, 2006 Nov.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17290767

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of workplace violence on work ability, work satisfaction and turnover intent based on the theory of occupational stress in health professionals and to provide evidence for evaluating the process and consequence of workplace violence. METHODS: Subjects of 483 health professionals from 5 hospitals in Shangqiu city of Hennan Province were selected with stratified cluster random sampling method. Workplace violence, violent fear at work, coping resources, work ability, job satisfaction and turnover intent were measured with questionnaires. Ordinal regression analysis and path analysis were applied to analyze the data. RESULTS: Workplace violence had direct or indirect effects on the work ability and job satisfaction through the fear of future violence at work. Workplace violence only had indirect effects on turnover intent through the fear and job satisfaction in health professionals. CONCLUSION: Workplace violence had direct and indirect effects on the work ability, job satisfaction and turnover intent. Measures should be taken to reduce workplace violence and it' s effects in health professionals.


Assuntos
Satisfação no Emprego , Corpo Clínico Hospitalar/psicologia , Reorganização de Recursos Humanos , Competência Profissional , Violência , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Amostragem , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Local de Trabalho
14.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu ; 34(5): 606-10, 2005 Sep.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16329609

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To study epidemiological characteristics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated in Sichuan. METHODS: Multiplex PCR was used to analyze the slt1, slt2, eaeA, and hly gene. Plasmid profile and PFGE was utilized to investigate the homology among the strains. Drug and disinfectant resistance patterns of 67 stains were determined. RESULTS: The overall virulence gene prevalence was 62.7% (42/67); and the main virulence gene type was slt1 + slt2 + eaeA + hly. Of the 67 Escherichia coli O157: H7 strains, 5 plasmid profile and 6 PFGE types were acquired. 64.2% (43/67) Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains resisted to 7 antibiotics, namely, Ampicilin, Chloramphnicol, Tetracyline, Gentamicin, Cephlothin, SMZ, TMP-SMZ, and there were 23, 35, 34 strains resisted to Ampicilin, Tetracyline and SMZ respectively. The resistance types were different in Escherichia coli O157: H7 strains isolated from humans, animals, food, and environment. 80.6% (54/67) Escherichia coli 0157:H7 strains resisted to alcohol and quaternary ammonium, but all the stains were sensitive to chlorhexidiniacetas. CONCLUSION: The virulence gene prevalence rate was familiar of 67 Escherichia coli O157: H7 Strains isolated from Sichuan, but virulence gene type was not the same in different sources. Bacterial drug resistance was high. Bacterial resistance to common disinfectants was so high that the strains could be killed by big dosage disinfectants. There were some familiarity with drug resistance, plasmid profile and PFGE types of 67 Escherichia coli 0157:H7 strains isolated from different sources, which indicated homology of the strains.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Escherichia coli O157/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli O157/genética , Ampicilina/farmacologia , China/epidemiologia , Cloranfenicol/farmacologia , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Escherichia coli O157/classificação , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
15.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 35(5): 704-7, 2004 Sep.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15460425

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the major dietary factors of kidney stones in Bao'an District of Shenzhen City and provide a scientific base for further effective prevention of kidney stones. METHODS: Following the process of stratified cluster random sampling in Bao'an district, a cross-sectional study (July-Aug, 2000) was conducted for collecting the base-line data on kidney stones from a population of permanent residents who were over 15 years old, exclusive of those who had had kidney stones or could not correctly respond to the questionnaire review. Then, a follow-up survey (July-Sept, 2002) for incident kidney stone cases was carried out among those residents. The methods for measurement included questionnaire and face-to-face interview, clinical examination and abdominal ultrasonography. All the investigators and interviewers were trained for the field work. And the data processing, dataset and analyses were performed using Visual-Fox 6.0 and SAS 6.12. The risk factors of kidney stoned were comprehensively analyzed for dietary, life style, and family history of stones. The statistical analyses included case-control comparison, factor analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: There were 305 kidney stones patients among 4552 follow-up members, the cumulative incidence of 2 years was 6.92%. The kidney stones were associated with the factors: menopause, RR=2.433; family history of stones, RR=1.544; sea foods, the RR (5-7 times/week vs < or = 1-2 times/month) was 9.032; fruits, the RR (< or = 1-2 times/month vs > or = 1-2 times/week) was 2. 249; sweet foods, the RR (5-7 times/week vs 1-2 times/week) was 2. 568; bean and bean products, the RR (5-7 times/week and < or = 1-2 times/month vs 1-2 times/week) was 2.184 and 1.689. CONCLUSION: Changing the inappropriate habitual eating patterns and generalizing the use of proportioning dietary should be the main measures to prevent kidney stones.


Assuntos
Dieta , Cálculos Renais/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Proteínas Alimentares , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Cálculos Renais/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev ; 14(11): 6673-80, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24377587

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Insulin resistance (IR) is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Given that CRC and IR physiologically overlap and the calpain-10 gene (CAPN10) is a candidate for IR, we explored the association between CAPN10 and CRC risk. METHODS: Blood samples of 400 case-control pairs were genotyped, and the lifestyle and dietary habits of these pairs were recorded and collected. Unconditional logistic regression (LR) was used to assess the effects of CAPN10 SNP43 and SNP19, and environmental factors. Both generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) and the classification and regression tree (CART) were used to test gene-environment interactions for CRC risk. RESULTS: The GA+AA genotype of SNP43 and the Del/Ins+Ins/Ins genotype of SNP19 were marginally related to CRC risk (GA+AA: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.92-1.99; Del/Ins+Ins/ Ins: OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 0.84-2.04). Notably, a high-order interaction was consistently identified by GMDR and CART analyses. In GMDR, the four-factor interaction model of SNP43, SNP19, red meat consumption, and smoked meat consumption was the best model, with a maximum cross-validation consistency of 10/10 and testing balance accuracy of 0.61 (P < 0.01). In LR, subjects with high red and smoked meat consumption and two risk genotypes had a 6.17-fold CRC risk (95% CI = 2.44-15.6) relative to that of subjects with low red and smoked meat consumption and null risk genotypes. In CART, individuals with high smoked and red meat consumption, SNP19 Del/Ins+Ins/Ins, and SNP43 GA+AA had higher CRC risk (OR = 4.56, 95%CI = 1.94-10.75) than those with low smoked and red meat consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Though the single loci of CAPN10 SNP43 and SNP19 are not enough to significantly increase the CRC susceptibility, the combination of SNP43, SNP19, red meat consumption, and smoked meat consumption is associated with elevated risk.


Assuntos
Calpaína/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , DNA/análise , DNA/genética , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Carne , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco
17.
Asian J Androl ; 14(5): 758-65, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22683999

RESUMO

Liangshan Prefecture in Sichuan province, China, has a high prevalence of HIV infection, which is reflective of a change in the mode of transmission from injection drug use (IDU) to heterosexual intercourse. However, few studies focus on HIV-related heterosexual risk behaviours among the majority Yi population. The objectives of this study were to explore the characteristics of an egocentric sexual network and estimate the prevalence of casual sexual behaviour. Yi villagers (n=108), aged 15-35 years, who reported having had sex within the previous year were interviewed as to their sexual behaviours and networks. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions provided supplementary information on sexual norms. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Most of the respondents reported having had casual sex at some time in their life, and 66.7% reported multiple sexual partnerships. Only 21.3% reported ever having used a condom. During the study year, a total of 137 partners were involved in 153 sexual partnerships. Among the reported sexual partnerships, 67.3% originated from a casual sexual relationship. For network members in components of size ≥ 3, 56.9% were involved in concurrent sexual partnerships. Having never been married (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.03-4.33) and younger age (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83-0.95) were both associated with being in a component of size ≥ 3. Size (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.17-7.66), pair (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39-0.74), the number of weak components of the egocentric sexual network (OR: 30.04; 95% CI: 6.47-139.46) and gender (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.06-0.67) were all associated with being in concurrent sexual partnerships. HIV-related interventions for the Yi ethnic minority in Sichuan province must therefore address concurrent sexual partnerships and promote condom use.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais , Adolescente , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Soroprevalência de HIV , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem
19.
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 45(10): 596-600, 2010 Oct.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21176594

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of interactions among environmental factors, bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) and transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-ß(3)) polymorphisms on nonsyndromic cleft lip and cleft palate (NSCLP). METHODS: The data of environmental exposures were collected with questionnaires. Genotypes were determined with techniques of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Interactions between genes, environmental factors and NSCLP were analyzed using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. The interactions were validated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: There was no correlation between three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with NSCLP. The developmental accident of NSCLP had higher risk in the interaction between BMP4 T538C, maternal passive smoking and infection in first trimester pregnancy, as well as in the interaction of six factors between TGF-ß(3) G15572-, maternal passive smoking, infections, multivitamin supplement in the first trimester pregnancy, paternal smoking and high risk drinking before realizing pregnancy than in other interactions of environmental factors. The results could be validated by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The NSCLP is induced by the interactions between genes and environmental risk factors.


Assuntos
Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 4/genética , Fenda Labial/genética , Fissura Palatina/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta3/genética , Encéfalo/anormalidades , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Fumar , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta
20.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi ; 31(6): 670-4, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21163101

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of HIV/AIDS prevention and control among long-distance drivers in China. METHODS: Based on the principles and methods of Cochrane systematic reviews, we searched literature from CBM (from 1978 to 2009), VIP (1989 to 2009) CNKI (1980 to 2009), and MEDLINE (1950 to 2009) and also assessed the risk of bias of the included before-after studies according to Newcastle-Ottawa scale and their characteristics. Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan 5.0 was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: 13 studies were included, with most of them were of low quality as having high risk of bias. (1) Knowledge index 1: We included 7 'pre-post' studies. Meta-analysis showed that AIDS/HIV prevention and control was effective in promoting the knowledge index 1 among long-distance drivers (RD = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.04 - 0.26). (2) Knowledge index 2: We included 10 pre-post studies, in which the results from Meta-analysis showed that AIDS/HIV prevention and control was effective in promoting the knowledge index 2 among long-distance drivers (RD = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.17 - 0.30). (3) Behavior index: We included 6 pre-post studies in which the results from Meta-analysis showed that AIDS/HIV prevention and control was effective in promoting the behavior index among long-distance drivers (RD = 0.15, 95%CI: 0.10 - 0.19). CONCLUSION: Current evidence demonstrated that HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs were effective.


Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Condução de Veículo , China , Humanos
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