Comparación del rendimiento académico basado en metodología TBL y metodología tradicional de enseñanza en estudiantes de odontología en Santiago de Chile / Comparison of academic. Performance based on TBL methodology and traditional teaching methodology in dentistry students in Santiago de Chile

INTRODUCCION Con el pasar de los años han surgido metodologías activas de enseñanza, donde el estudiante pasa a tener un rol protagonista. La metodología activa Team Based Learning (TBL) promueve la participación de los estudiantes tanto de manera individual como grupal permitiendo fomentar el aprendizaje y aplicar contenidos enseñados. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento académico obtenido por los estudiantes en la asignatura de cariología mediante metodología tradicional en los años 2016, 2017 y 2018; y metodología TBL en el año 2019. MATERIAL Y METODOS Se realizó un diseño analítico transversal donde se compararon los promedios de calificaciones de certámenes 1 y 2 de cariología de los estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Finis Terrae entre los años 2016 y 2019; dicha población se estratificó en función de año académico y tipo de metodología. RESULTADOS Los resultados muestran que el promedio de las calificaciones de los certámenes 1 y 2 de cariología obtenido por los estudiantes mediante metodología tradicional de aprendizaje fue de 4,79 y mediante metodología TBL es de 5,01, existiendo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos grupos de estudio (p = 0,03). CONCLUSION El rendimiento académico en cariología, obtenido por los estudiantes mediante metodología TBL el año 2019 fue significativamente mayor que aquel obtenido por los estudiantes mediante metodología tradicional en los años 2016, 2017 y 2018.

INTRODUCTION Over the years, active teaching methodologies have emerged, where the student play a leading role. The active Team Based Learning (TBL) methodology promotes participation of students both individually and in groups allowing to promote the learning and applying taught content. The aim of this study was to compare the academic performanc he students in the subject of cariology through traditional methodology in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018; and TBL methodology in 2019. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional analytical design was conducted where the grade point of test 1 and 2 of cariology of Dentistry students from University Finis Terrae between the years 2016 and 2019, were averaged. The population was stratified according to academic year and type of methodology. RESULTS The results show that the average of the qualifications of test 1 and 2 of cariology obtained by students through traditional learning methodology was 4.79 and through TBL methodology is 5.01, there being a statistically significant difference between both study groups (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The academic performance in cariology, obtained by the students through the TBL methodology on year 2019 was significantly higher than that obtained by the students through the methodology traditional in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018

Free-end space maintainers: design, utilization and advantages.

Primary molars are a determining factor in the development of occlusion. Given their importance, when restorative treatment is notfeasible and a primary molar must be extracted, the practitioner should keep in mind the risk of losing space, and the consequent malocclusion. Preservation of the space can eliminate or reduce the needforprolonged orthodontic treatment. For that reason, there are various kinds of space maintainers and the pediatric dentist must decide which one to utilize, on the basis of general and local factors related to the child In the selection of a treatment option for space maintenance, the greatest complications occur when the first permanent molar has not yet erupted A large variety of appliances have been devised to deal with this situation. This article proposes the use of a removable space maintainer that is open on one end and can be employed to guide the first permanent molar, maintaining the integrity of the mucous membrane and serving as a prosthetic appliance, preventing the complications and contraindications often caused by sub-gingival maintainers.

An atypical lingual lesion resulting from the unhealthy habit of sucking the lower lip: clinical case study.

Unhealthy oral habits may be involved in the etiology of a malocclusion, since they may affect development of the orofacial region. There is little information on the habit of sucking the lower lip, to which practitioners attribute less clinical consequences. However, lower lip sucking is a harmful habit which appears frequently in children, especially during situations requiring increased attention and mental concentration. In patients presenting lower lip sucking, strong contractions of the lower lip's orbicular's muscle and the mentalis muscle, associated with hypertonicity of the upper lip caused by sucking, has to be balanced by lingual thrusting during the act of deglutition. A case is presented in which failure to identify the habit of lower lip sucking led to an atypical lesion on the tongue, caused by the tongue's impaction against the orthodontic appliance prescribed to correct a malocclusion. The recognition and elimination of an unhealthy habit is of great importance in diagnosis and the establishment of a treatment plan, so that undesirable complications can be avoided.

Self-injurious behavior in a patient with mental retardation: review of the literature and a case report.

Self-injurious behavior is deliberate harm to the body that may lead to factitious oral injuries. Management of patients with self-inflicted injury continues to be a challenge for the dental profession. The purpose of this article is to review clinical findings in a patient who presented with severe, painful gingival recession in the primary dentition. A case report of an 8-year-old girl with mental retardation is presented. The periodontal examination showed bilateral gingival recession of the mandibular canines and the mandibular first and second molars so severe that it was possible to clinically observe the exposed roots. The diagnosis of self-inflicted gingival lesions and self-injurious behavior was established. Although the lesions are no longer present, the self-injurious behavior persists. Psychologic support was suggested, and an oral removable appliance was fitted.

Displacement and pulpal involvement of a maxillary incisor associated with a talon cusp: report of a case.

The talon cusp is a relatively uncommon dental anomaly manifested as an accessory cusp-like structure on the crown of anterior teeth. The presence of a talon cusp can cause clinical problems. This article reports the case of a patient presenting a talon cusp affecting the permanent maxillary right central incisor causing clinical problems related to caries, displacement of the tooth, occlusal position and tendency to dental traumatism. The management of this tooth included caries removal and reduction of the cusp. Pulp-capping with calcium hydroxide was required because of the presence of pulp horn extensions in the talon cusp.

Severe trauma in the primary dentition--diagnosis and treatment of sequelae in permanent dentition.

A 2-year 6-month male presented after an intrusive injury sustained at 15 months of age. Intra-oral radiographs showed coronal dilaceration of the germ of the permanent central incisor and the presence of a calcified tissue mass in the area of the trauma which was identified after surgical removal as the permanent upper left lateral incisor. Immediate treatment and long-term options are discussed.