Height-adjusted lean body mass and its associations with physical activity and kidney function in pediatric kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Although LBM is positively associated with health outcomes, studies assessing determinants for the accrual of ht-LBM, such as physical activity, are limited. This study aimed to assess ht-LBM levels in pediatric kidney transplant recipients and test its association with baseline and contemporaneous variables, including physical activity. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional review was performed on 46 pediatric kidney transplant recipients, and a longitudinal review was performed on a subset of recipients with serial post-transplant (n = 21) and pre/post-transplant (n = 11) ht-LBM measurements. Ht-LBM measurements were obtained using DXA scans. RESULTS: This cohort was 16.0 (IQR 12.3, 17.7) years old, 56.5% male and 46 ± 45 months post-transplant with a mean ht-LBM of 15.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2 . A median ht-LBM increase of 1.6 kg/m2 (IQR - 0.1, 2.6 kg/m2 ; p < .01) was observed, over 29.2 ± 12.0 months from the earliest post-transplant scan obtained at 46 ± 25 months post-transplant until the most recent post-transplant scan. A 1.7 ± 1.4 kg/m2 (p < .01) increase was observed between pre- and post-transplant DXA scans which were taken at 12 ± 11 months pre-transplant and 13 ± 6 months post-transplant, respectively. In separate adjusted models, lower physical activity questionnaire scores (n = 17, beta = 1.55, p = .02), faster rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline (beta = 0.05, p < .048) adjusted for annualized change in BSA, and younger age at scan (beta = 0.32, p < .01) were each significant predictors of lower ht-LBM. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity and kidney function may influence ht-LBM in the pediatric kidney transplant population.

Post-traumatic stress as a determinant of quality of life in pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients.

Living with end-stage organ failure is associated with an accumulation of traumatic medical events, and despite recovery after solid-organ transplantation (SOT), many children continue to exhibit lower quality of life (QOL). Few studies have examined the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and QOL among pediatric SOT recipients. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional review of 61 pediatric SOT recipients (12 heart, 30 kidney, and 19 liver) to evaluate the association of PTSD with self-reported QOL. PTSD was measured by the Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ), and QOL was measured using the PedsQL and PedsQL Transplant Module (PedsQL-TM) surveys. Demographics, baseline, and contemporaneous factors were tested for independent association. SOT recipients were 15.2 (12.1-17.6) years old at survey completion. Median CTSQ score was 2 (1-3), highest in kidney recipients, and 13% were identified as high risk for PTSD. Median PedsQL score was 83 (70-91) and significantly associated with the CTSQ score (r = -.68, p < .001). Median PedsQL Transplant Module score was 89 (83-95) and similarly associated with the CTSQ score (r = -.64, p < .001). Age at time of surveys and presence of any disability were also independently associated with PedsQL and PedsQL-TM, respectively. When adjusted for Emotional Functioning, CTSQ remained associated with PedsQL subscores (r = -.65, p < .001). Trauma symptoms are a major modifiable risk factor for lower self-perceived QOL and represent a potentially important target for post-transplant rehabilitation. Additional research is needed to understand the root contributors to PTSD and potential treatments in this population.

Self-reported physical activity and lack of association with health-related quality of life in a pediatric solid-organ transplant population.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has been shown to have benefits, including improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, there are few and conflicting studies assessing PA and its relationship with HRQOL in a pediatric solid-organ transplant (SOT) population. The aim of this study was to assess whether overall HRQOL was associated with PA and to determine whether that association was independent of other baseline and contemporaneous clinical and demographic indicators. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional review was performed on 55 pediatric transplant patients (13 heart, 27 kidney, and 15 liver transplant). PA was measured by PAQ-C/PAQ-A, and HRQOL was measured using PedsQL. Demographics, baseline, and contemporaneous data were collected. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline and contemporaneous characteristics between heart, kidney, and liver transplant recipients. SOT recipients were 15.0 (11.0-18.0) years old at completion of surveys. Median PAQ score was 2.3 (1.6-3.2), PedsQL total score was 77 (65-91), and PedsQL physical functioning score was 88 (72-97). The PedsQL total score was not significantly associated with PAQ score. The PAQ score was significantly associated with physical functioning subscore of the PedsQL (r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Higher physical functioning score was associated with time since transplant (r = 0.29, p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Our SOT cohort has a HRQOL similar to other chronic conditions and higher than previous reported HRQOL in pediatric SOT populations. Higher levels of PA and longer time since transplant are associated with higher physical functioning scores.

Physical activity and its correlates in a pediatric solid-organ transplant population.

PA has been shown to have benefits in SOT patients. Studies assessing physical activity levels and its correlates in a pediatric solid-organ transplant population are limited. The aim of this study was to assess PA levels and identify baseline and contemporaneous factors that contribute to PA in a pediatric SOT population. A retrospective cross-sectional review was performed on 58 pediatric transplant patients (16 heart, 29 kidney, and 13 liver transplant). PA was measured by PAQ-C or PAQ-A. Demographics, baseline, and contemporaneous factors were collected. There were no significant differences in baseline and contemporaneous characteristics between heart, kidney, and liver transplant recipients. SOT recipients were 15.2 [12.3-17.3] years old at time of completing the PAQ. Median PAQ score was 2.2 [1.7-2.9]. There were no significant differences in PAQ scores between organ transplant type or between genders. Lower PAQ score was associated with sensory disability (9 vs 49 without disability; P = <.01) and age at time of completing the PAQ (r = -.50, P = <.01). These results suggest that older age at time of completing the PAQ and presence of sensory disability may influence PA levels in the pediatric SOT population.

Diagnosis of urinary tract infections in the hospitalized older adult population in Alberta.

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections reported in older adults, across all settings. Although a diagnosis of a UTI requires specific clinical and microbiological criteria, many older adults are diagnosed with a UTI without meeting the diagnostic criteria, resulting in unnecessary antibiotic treatment and their potential side effects, and a failure to find the true cause of their presentation to hospital. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of UTI diagnoses amongst hospitalized older adults based on clinical and microbiological findings, and their corresponding antibiotic treatment (including complications), in addition to identifying possible factors associated with a confirmed UTI diagnosis. METHODS: A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study of older adult patients (n = 238) hospitalized at the University of Alberta Hospital with an admission diagnosis of UTI over a one-year period was performed. RESULTS: 44.6% (n = 106) of patients had a diagnosis of UTI which was supported by documents clinical and microbiological findings while 43.3% (n = 103) of patients had bacteriuria without documented symptoms. 54.2% (n = 129) of all patients were treated with antibiotics, despite not having evidence to support a diagnosis of a UTI, with 15.9% (n = 37) of those patients experiencing complications including diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile infection, and thrush. History of major neurocognitive disorder was significantly associated with diagnosis of UTI (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: UTIs are commonly misdiagnosed in hospitalized older adults by healthcare providers, resulting in the majority of such patients receiving unnecessary antibiotics, increasing the risk of complications. These findings will allow for initiatives to educate clinicians on the importance of UTI diagnosis in an older adult population and appropriately prescribing antibiotics to prevent unwanted complications.

Characterizing Hypertension Specialist Care in Canada: A National Survey.

Background: The hypertension specialist often receives referrals of patients with young-onset, severe, difficult-to-control hypertension, patients with hypertensive emergencies, and patients with secondary causes of hypertension. Specialist hypertension care compliments primary care for these complex patients and contributes to an overall hypertension control strategy. The objective of this study was to characterize hypertension centres and the practice patterns of Canadian hypertension specialists. Methods: Adult hypertension specialists across Canada were surveyed to describe hypertension centres and specialist practice in Canada, including the following: the patient population managed by hypertension specialists; details on how care is provided; practice pattern variations; and differences in access to specialized hypertension resources across the country. Results: The survey response rate was 73.5% from 25 hypertension centres. Most respondents were nephrologists and general internal medicine specialists. Hypertension centres saw between 50 and 2500 patients yearly. A mean of 17% (± 15%) of patients were referred from the emergency department and a mean of 52% (± 24%) were referred from primary care. Most centres had access to specialized testing (adrenal vein sampling, level 1 sleep studies, autonomic testing) and advanced therapies for resistant hypertension (renal denervation). Considerable heterogeneity was present in the target blood pressure in young people with low cardiovascular risk and in the diagnostic algorithms for investigating secondary causes of hypertension. Conclusions: These results summarize the current state of hypertension specialist care and highlight opportunities for further collaboration among hypertension specialists, including standardization of the approach to specialist care for patients with hypertension.

Contexte: Le spécialiste de l'hypertension reçoit souvent des patients orientés pour une hypertension sévère, d'apparition précoce et difficile à maîtriser, pour une urgence hypertensive ou pour des causes secondaires de l'hypertension. Les soins spécialisés de l'hypertension complètent les soins primaires pour ces cas complexes et font partie d'une stratégie globale de maîtrise de l'hypertension. Cette étude avait pour objectif de caractériser les centres de traitement de l'hypertension et les habitudes de pratique des spécialistes canadiens qui traitent l'hypertension. Méthodologie: Un sondage a été mené auprès de spécialistes de l'hypertension adulte de l'ensemble du Canada afin de décrire les centres de traitement de l'hypertension et la pratique des spécialistes au Canada, notamment les éléments suivants : la population de patients prise en charge par des spécialistes de l'hypertension, les renseignements sur la façon dont les soins sont prodigués, les variations dans les habitudes de pratique ainsi que les différences relatives à l'accès aux ressources spécialisées en hypertension à l'échelle du pays. Résultats: Le taux de réponse au sondage a été de 73,5 % dans 25 centres de l'hypertension. La plupart des répondants étaient des néphrologues et des spécialistes en médecine interne générale. Les centres de l'hypertension recevaient entre 50 et 2500 patients par année. En moyenne, 17 % (± 15 %) des patients provenaient du service des urgences et 52 % (± 24 %) provenaient d'une unité de soins primaires. La plupart des centres avaient accès à des tests spécialisés (prélèvements veineux surrénaliens, études du sommeil de niveau 1, tests autonomes) et à des traitements avancés pour l'hypertension résistante (dénervation rénale). Une hétérogénéité considérable a été constatée en ce qui concerne la pression artérielle cible chez les jeunes présentant un faible risque cardiovasculaire et les algorithmes diagnostiques pour étudier les causes secondaires de l'hypertension. Conclusions: Ces résultats résument la situation actuelle des soins spécialisés de l'hypertension et font ressortir des occasions d'accroître la collaboration entre les spécialistes de l'hypertension, notamment en ce qui concerne une normalisation de l'approche des soins spécialisés pour les patients hypertendus.

Transition and Sustainability of an Online Care Model for People With Parkinson's Disease in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: CoronaVirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) led to social distancing and the need for alternative care models. Telehealth programs for people with Parkinson's (PWP) disease may ensure continuity of care. The goal of this observational survey study was to determine the practicability, satisfaction, and barriers to online programs, their relationship to perceived symptoms, mood, and quality of life, and program sustainability beyond the immediate pandemic. METHODS: In-person Parkinson's programs at New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine transitioned online at the start of the pandemic to include Rock Steady Boxing, Support Groups, and Rock Steady Buddies. A custom online survey sent to 150 participants investigated PD history, symptomatology, level of exercise before and during the pandemic, depression (PHQ-9), quality of life (PDQ-39), and practicability and perceived satisfaction related to these online programs. Descriptive statistics were reported. RESULTS: Of 69 respondents [mean age of 70.2y (SD 8.4 yrs)], >75% were satisfied with the transition to online programs. Consistent attendance and minimal barriers to programs indicated practicability, with increased adherence to exercise. Of 66 completed PHQ-9s, 22.7% had scores ≥9 (moderate to severe depression); of 61 completed PDQ-39s, scores averaged 21.4; better quality of life than national averages for PWP. Self-perceived physical and mental wellbeing were positively affected. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest the transition to online programs met the needs of the Parkinson's community in a practicable and sustainable manner during the pandemic. With COVID-19 still prevalent, the current model of blending synchronous online and in-person classes provides a more flexible, sustainable format compared to in-person alone. Institutions may consider including online components to existing programs to promote continuity of care for aging populations as part of best practices.