Breastfeeding in infancy and mortality in middle and late adulthood: A prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding in infancy is associated with a lower risk of mortality among children, but the impact on mortality in middle and late adulthood remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between breastfeeding in infancy and mortality in middle and late adulthood. METHODS: We included 383,627 participants aged 40-73 from the UK Biobank (2006-2010) and followed up until 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to breastfeeding in infancy were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression models. We further did a meta-analysis, including results from our present study and three other cohort studies (PROSPERO; number CRD42022348925). RESULTS: During a total of 4732,751 person-years of follow-up, 25,581 deaths were identified. Breastfeeding in infancy was associated with lower risks of mortality in middle and late adulthood, with adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of 0.95 (0.93-0.98) for all-cause mortality; 0.91 (0.87-0.96) for cardiovascular mortality and 0.94 (0.874-0.999) for respiratory mortality. Specifically, the association with mortality seemed to attenuate with age - stronger in middle-aged adults than in older adults. A similar association between breastfeeding in infancy and all-cause mortality was found in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding in infancy is associated with a lower risk of mortality - even decades later - in middle and late adulthood.

[Simultaneous determination of bensulfuron-methyl and mefenacet residues in paddy field using high performance liquid chromatography].

An analytical method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established for the simultaneous determination of bensulfuron-methyl and mefenacet residues in paddy field (paddy water, soil and rice plant). The residues in the paddy water was extracted with methylene chloride, and the soil with alkaline mixed solution of acetonitrile-methylene chloride (1:1, v/v). The rice plant was extracted with alkaline methylene chloride which was cleaned up by a Florisil column. The separation was performed on a stainless steel C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) at 30 degrees C by HPLC with an ultraviolet detector (UVD) at 238 nm, and water-methanol (30:70, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The quantification was performed by external standard. The calibration curves were linear between the peak area and the concentration in the range of 0.05-5.00 mg/L for bensulfuron-methyl and mefenacet, and the correlation coefficients were more than 0.999 9. The average recoveries of the two herbicides spiked in the paddy water, soil and rice plant at the three concentration levels of 0.05, 0.10 and 1.00 mg/kg ranged from 85.39% to 113.33% with the relative standard deviations of 0.91%-10.24%. The method is characterized by simplicity, sensitivity and accuracy.