RESUMO
Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective and safe treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. It is essential to make every effort to perform FMT rigorously and based on scientific knowledge. Selection of the faecal microbiota donor is a key part of the process to ensure recipient safety. Protocols of action must be implemented that allow clinicians to act with the maximum guarantees and to minimise the risks of the procedure. In this regard, a multidisciplinary working group has been set up with the aim of establishing recommendations for selecting the faecal microbiota donor.
Assuntos
Seleção do Doador/normas , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal , HumanosRESUMO
Within the limits of current technology, many applications of a virtual environment will trade-off accuracy for speed. This is not an acceptable compromise in a medical training application where both are essential. Efficient algorithms must therefore be developed. The purpose of this project is the development and validation of a novel physics-based real time tool manipulation model, which is easy to integrate into any medical virtual environment that requires support for the insertion of long flexible tools into complex geometries. This encompasses medical specialities such as vascular interventional radiology, endoscopy, and laparoscopy, where training, prototyping of new instruments/tools and mission rehearsal can all be facilitated by using an immersive medical virtual environment. Our model recognises and uses accurately patient specific data and adapts to the geometrical complexity of the vessel in real time.
Assuntos
Desenho Assistido por Computador , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/instrumentação , Modelos Teóricos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Interface Usuário-Computador , Módulo de Elasticidade , Desenho de EquipamentoRESUMO
Trial enrichment using gut microbiota derived biomarkers by high-risk individuals can improve the feasibility of randomized controlled trials for prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Here, we report in a prospective observational cohort study the incidence of CDI and assess potential clinical characteristics and biomarkers to predict CDI in 1,007 patients ≥ 50 years receiving newly initiated antibiotic treatment with penicillins plus a beta-lactamase inhibitor, 3rd/4th generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones or clindamycin from 34 European hospitals. The estimated 90-day cumulative incidences of a first CDI episode is 1.9% (95% CI 1.1-3.0). Carbapenem treatment (Hazard Ratio (95% CI): 5.3 (1.7-16.6)), toxigenic C. difficile rectal carriage (10.3 (3.2-33.1)), high intestinal abundance of Enterococcus spp. relative to Ruminococcus spp. (5.4 (2.1-18.7)), and low Shannon alpha diversity index as determined by 16 S rRNA gene profiling (9.7 (3.2-29.7)), but not normalized urinary 3-indoxyl sulfate levels, predicts an increased CDI risk.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Clostridioides difficile/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Clostridium/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Biomarcadores/análise , Carbapenêmicos/uso terapêutico , Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Clostridioides difficile/genética , Clostridioides difficile/fisiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/microbiologia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Fluoroquinolonas/uso terapêutico , Seguimentos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hospitalização , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Penicilinas/uso terapêutico , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
This research analyzes the predictive capacity of psychosocial variables that can influence the decision to vote for political parties that include pro-environmental measures in their program. To this end, a study was carried out with a sample of 414 people of legal age who could exercise their right to vote (mean age = 26.92, SD = 10.53). The participants were divided into two groups: (1) Pro-environmental voters, those who during the last elections in Spain based their voting decision on whether the political party included pro-environment measures in its electoral program (n = 190), and (2) Non-pro-environmental voters, those other people who voted for a political party without considering whether pro-environment measures were included in its electoral program (even if such environmental protection measures had been included) (n = 224). The results indicate that, in comparison with their counterparts who do not vote for pro-environmental parties, those who voted for political parties during the last elections by considering the inclusion of pro-environment measures in their electoral program showed the highest scores on the biospheric and socio-altruistic values of ecocentrism, anthropocentrism, connectivity with nature and environmental concern, and scored lower on self-centered values. With the exception of connectivity with nature, biospheric values and beliefs were good predictors of pro-environmental voting behavior.
RESUMO
Three coprological methods were tested to establish the reliability of in vivo diagnosis of Anoplocephala perfoliata. A total of 107 faecal samples were analyzed, and the presence of tapeworms were confirmed postmortem in 24 animals with burdens that ranged from 1 to 248 worms; most of them (71%) with less than 100 parasites. Best results were obtained with a combination of two sedimentation/flotation methods, detecting only half the parasitized animals (54% sensitivity). No relationship could be established between tapeworm burden and egg detection, but results indicate that coprological methods have a lower likelihood of diagnosing cestode infection when horses have less than 100 tapeworms.
Assuntos
Cestoides/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Cestoides/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Animais , Infecções por Cestoides/parasitologia , Infecções por Cestoides/patologia , Morte , Cavalos , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , EspanhaRESUMO
Faeces samples from 218, 1 to 30-day-old, diarrheic dairy calves in 65 dairy herds were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium and concurrent infections with rotavirus, coronavirus, F5 Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Calves were grouped according to their age as follows: 1-7, 8-14, 15-21 and 22-30 days. Cryptosporidium infection was detected in 43.8%, 71.9%, 63.2% and 6.9% of the calves in the respective age groups. Significant differences in the detection rate of Cryptosporidium were found between the age group 22-30 days and all other age groups, and between the age group 1-7 days and the age groups 8-14 days and 15-21 days. Cryptosporidium was the only enteropathogen detected in 60 of the 114 (52.6%) diarrheic calves. Concurrent infections with other enteropathogen(s) were detected in 64.3%, 46.3%, 39.5% and 0% of the Cryptosporidium-infected calves in the age groups 1-7, 8-14, 15-21 and 22-30 days, respectively. A significant age-associated decrease in the detection rate of mixed infections (p < 0.05) was found. The detection rates of the other enteropathogens considered in calves with Cryptosporidium infection were 87% for rotavirus, 11.1% for coronavirus, 27.8% for F5+ E. coli and 1.8% for Salmonella.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Criptosporidiose/veterinária , Cryptosporidium/isolamento & purificação , Diarreia/veterinária , Gastroenterite/veterinária , Testes de Aglutinação/veterinária , Animais , Animais Lactentes , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Coronavirus/imunologia , Coronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Criptosporidiose/complicações , Cryptosporidium/imunologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Diarreia/parasitologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/veterinária , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Escherichia coli/imunologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/complicações , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Fezes/microbiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Gastroenterite/parasitologia , Rotavirus/imunologia , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rotavirus/complicações , Infecções por Rotavirus/veterinária , Salmonella/imunologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Salmonelose Animal/complicações , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Faecal samples from 218 diarrheic dairy calves in 65 dairy herds, selected by convenience, were screened for the presence of rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium spp., F5+ Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Animals surveyed were from 1 to 30 days old. Cryptosporidium and rotavirus were the most commonly detected agents (52.3% and 42.7% of the samples positive, respectively). F5+ E. coli was detected in the faeces of 11.9% of the calves and bovine coronavirus was detected in the faeces of 7.3% of the calves. Salmonella spp. was only found in the faeces of two calves (0.9%). Mixed infections with two or more agents occurred in 28% of the calves. Concurrent infection of rotavirus and Cryptosporidium was found in 21.6% of the calves. Two tests were used for the detection of rotavirus (a commercial ELISA and PAGE), F5+ E. coli (ELISA and bacterial culture) and Cryptosporidium (ELISA and microscopy). The validity of the commercial ELISA for the detection of rotavirus, F5+ E. coli and Cryptosporidium in faeces from diarrheic calves was evaluated using PAGE, bacterial culture and microscopy as gold standard, respectively. The ELISA showed a very low sensitivity (28.6%) for the detection of F5+ E. coli compared to bacterial culture.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Diarreia/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos/microbiologia , Bovinos/parasitologia , Bovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Criptosporidiose/epidemiologia , Criptosporidiose/veterinária , Cryptosporidium , Diarreia/microbiologia , Diarreia/parasitologia , Diarreia/virologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Infecções por Escherichia coli/epidemiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/veterinária , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/veterinária , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
From February 1998 to January 1999, 106 red deer in the Autonomic Organism National Park "Quintos de Mora" (Toledo, central Spain) were evaluated to determine the prevalence and dynamics of infection with Hypoderma sp. by detection of subcutaneous larvae. Between six and 13 deer shot in selective hunting were examined monthly. Hypoderma sp. larvae were detected throughout the period except in June, July and August of 1998. Excluding the period during which no subcutaneous larvae were detected, the number of animals sampled was 80 (52 males and 28 females), belonging to three age classes: 12 calves (<1-yr-old), 19 yearlings (1-yr-old), and 49 adults (2- to 10-yr-old). All the third instar (L3) collected were identified as H. actaeon. Total prevalence during the period of larval detection was 61%. Prevalence in yearling and adult deer shot during the official hunting season was 89%. Monthly prevalence increased from September to January and decreased from February to May. In September and October, a small percentage of larvae were classified as first instar (L1). The rest of larvae collected between September and December were second instar (L2). Third instar (L3) predominated in January and February and was the only stage collected from March to May. Intensity ranged from 1 to 145 larvae. Intensities were >100 larvae in 6% of animals. Possible relationships of intensity or prevalence of infection with sex or age of the animals were evaluated. Significant differences in prevalence were observed among different host age classes. Prevalence was higher in yearlings (84%) than in adults (63%) and lowest in calves (17%).
Assuntos
Cervos , Dípteros , Miíase/veterinária , Fatores Etários , Doenças dos Animais/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Animais/parasitologia , Animais , Feminino , Larva , Masculino , Miíase/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estações do Ano , Fatores Sexuais , Pele/parasitologia , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Arthritis is a frequent manifestation of Lyme disease. The diagnosis of this disease is especially supported by serological techniques which however have false positives or negatives. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of serologies positive to Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with non-filiated arthritis and in other well defined rheumatic diseases. METHODS: A prospective study was performed to detect antibodies (AB) versus Borrelia burgdorferi in 43 patients with undifferentiated arthritis and in 100 patients with articular disease of precise diagnosis (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis arthropathy, and reactive arthritis/Reiter's syndrome). The technique was performed by indirect immunofluorescence and was repeated by enzymoimmunoassay in doubtful or positive results. Titers greater than 1/256 were considered as positive. RESULTS: Positive serology was found in two patients with undifferentiated arthritis and in one patient with Reiter's syndrome. None of the three patients referred the antecedent of erythema chronicum migrans. Positive serology was not observed in any of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or psoriatic arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: A small proportion of patients with undifferentiated arthritis or Reiter's syndrome presented positive serology at low titers versus Borrelia burgdorferi with the interpretation of these results being difficult. The frequency of seropositivity in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus is very low.
Assuntos
Artrite/etiologia , Doença de Lyme/complicações , Adulto , Artrite Infecciosa/complicações , Artrite Infecciosa/microbiologia , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Infecções por Borrelia/complicações , Infecções por Borrelia/microbiologia , Grupo Borrelia Burgdorferi , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Doença de Lyme/diagnóstico , Doença de Lyme/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes SorológicosRESUMO
In this work, we tested 100 potential new microsatellites (SSRs) equally derived from expressed sequence tag (EST) and enriched genomic-DNA libraries from Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup), a valuable cultured flatfish species. A final set of 69 new polymorphic microsatellites were validated after a population analysis, 37 of which corresponded to the first EST library constructed for Senegalese sole (EST-SSR). Although differences were not significant, EST sequences provided a higher proportion of quality markers (74%) than anonymous ones (64%). Most of the rejected anonymous SSRs (17 loci) were discarded because they did not generate PCR products; only one was monomorphic. On the contrary, all EST-SSRs gave PCR products, although monomorphism was more frequent (26%). Altogether, the number of alleles per locus was fairly similar in both SSR types, ranging from 2 to 19. The observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.105 to 1 and from 0.108 to 0.937, respectively. The main difference between the two sets was the percentage of annotated loci, being higher in EST-SSRs, as expected. Within the EST-SSRs, 46% of them showed flanking regions that significantly matched with EST sequences from other three flatfish species; however, the microsatellite itself was present only on half of these cases. These two new SSR sets constitute a suitable tool for fingerprinting, gene flow, genetic diversity, genome mapping studies and molecular-assisted breeding in this species.
Assuntos
Impressões Digitais de DNA/métodos , Linguados/classificação , Linguados/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Animais , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Variação Genética , Biblioteca Genômica , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
In this study, we identified and characterized 160 microsatellite loci from an expressed sequence tag (EST) database generated from immune-related organs of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). A final set of 83 new polymorphic microsatellites were validated after the analysis of 40 individuals of Atlantic origin including both wild and farmed individuals. The allele number and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 2 to 18 and from 0.021 to 0.951, respectively. Evidences of null alleles at moderate-high frequencies were detected at six loci using population data. None of the analysed loci showed deviations from Mendelian segregation after the analysis of five full-sib families including approximately 92 individuals/family. The markers are used to consolidate the turbot genetic map, and because they are mostly EST-derived, they will be very useful for comparative genomic studies within flatfishes and with model fish species. Using an in silico approach, we detected significant homologies of microsatellite sequences with the EST databases of the flatfish species with highest genomic resources (Senegalese sole, Atlantic halibut, bastard halibut) in 31% of these turbot markers. The conservation of these microsatellites within Pleuronectiformes will pave the way for anchoring genetic maps of different species and identifying genomic regions related to productive traits.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico , Bases de Dados de Ácidos Nucleicos , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Linguados/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Animais , Marcadores Genéticos , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
In this study a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Acinetobacter baumannii was developed and evaluated by using 40 clinical A. baumannii isolates recovered from outbreaks in Spanish and German hospitals during the years 1990 to 2001, as well as isolates from other European hospitals and two DSMZ reference strains of A. baumannii. For comparison, two isolates of Acinetobacter species 13 (sensu Tjernberg and Ursing), two clinical isolates, and three DSMZ strains of A. calcoaceticus (both belonging to the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex) were also investigated. Primers were designed for conserved regions of housekeeping genes, and 305- to 513-bp internal fragments of seven such genes-gltA, gyrB, gdhB, recA, cpn60, gpi, and rpoD-were sequenced for all strains. The number of alleles at individual loci ranged from 6 to 12, and a total of 20 allelic profiles or sequence types were distinguished among the investigated A. baumannii strains. The MLST data were in high concordance with the epidemiologic typing results generated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting. The MLST scheme provides a high level of resolution and an excellent tool for studying the population structure and long-term epidemiology of A. baumannii.
Assuntos
Infecções por Acinetobacter/epidemiologia , Acinetobacter baumannii/classificação , Acinetobacter baumannii/genética , Alelos , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Infecções por Acinetobacter/microbiologia , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolamento & purificação , Primers do DNA , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The pathological alterations caused by Anoplocephala perfoliata in the ileocaecal junction of 28 equids slaughtered in an abattoir in Madrid (Central Spain) are described. The lesions were scored in grades based on the intensity of the damage and were related to the tapeworm number observed. The first grade (grade I) of alterations consisted of a slight enteritis associated with focal erosions observed in 43% of parasitized animals with low parasitic burden (1-26 tapeworms). The second grade (grade II) was a focal pseudomembranous enteritis, present in the ileocaecal junctions of 36% infected animals with moderate to high burden (23-188 tapeworms), and the third grade (grade III) was a regional necrotizing enteritis, present in the animals (21%) with the highest burden (72-248 tapeworms). The possible role of the lesions caused by this parasite in the aetiology of colic is discussed.
Assuntos
Cestoides/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Cestoides/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/patologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Animais , Ceco/parasitologia , Ceco/patologia , Infecções por Cestoides/patologia , Cólica/etiologia , Cólica/veterinária , Cavalos , Valva Ileocecal/parasitologia , Valva Ileocecal/patologia , Íleo/parasitologia , Íleo/patologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/patologia , Mucosa Intestinal/parasitologia , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Úlcera Péptica/parasitologia , Úlcera Péptica/patologia , Úlcera Péptica/veterináriaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Identificar el perfil de los valores laborales de los profesionales de enfermería y analizar si se relacionan con el estilo de liderazgo percibido. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron las escalas de medida EVAT-30 y l SBDQ. Participaron 160 enfermeros/as de un hospital público de Almería, España. El estudio se realizó en octubre de 2005. RESULTADOS: Los valores más apreciados por estos profesionales son: autoridad/poder, tradición, logro y autodirección. La percepción del estilo de liderazgo orientado hacia la tarea, correlaciona positivamente con los valores autoridad/poder, seguridad y logro, y negativamente con los valores benevolencia y universalismo. La percepción del estilo de liderazgo orientado hacia la relación correlaciona positivamente con los valores universalismo, logro, tradición y autodirección. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados sugieren que el estilo de liderazgo adoptado por el supervisor puede influir en el perfil de valores de los subordinados.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the profile of work values according to nursing professionals and analyze the relationship, if any, of such values with the perception of leadership styles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The EVAT-30 and the SDBQ questionnaires were used in this study. The sample comprised 160 nurses of an Almería public hospital, in the south of Spain. This study was carried out in October 2005. RESULTS: Values associated with authority/power, tradition, achievement and self-direction are deemed most important by nursing professionals. Perception of the task-oriented leaders behavior positively correlates with values of authority/power, confidence and achievement, and negatively correlates with values of benevolence and universalism. Perception of the relationship/consideration-oriented leaders behavior positively correlates with values of universalism, achievement, tradition and self-direction. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the perception of leadership styles may influence the set of values held in high esteem by subordinates.