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BACKGROUND: The environmental pollution and ecological risks caused by the widespread use of antibiotics have attracted attention in recent years. Biochar materials have a rich pore diameter and can effectively adsorb pollutants from wastewater. However, biochar will experience high temperatures, freezing and thawing in nature, affecting its physicochemical properties and adsorption capacity. Three types of aged biochar were prepared by artificial simulated aging using soybean straw as raw material. The aged biochar's elemental composition and functional group species were investigated by characterization analysis, and their adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were studied. RESULTS: The specific surface area and pore size of the three aged biochars were lower than those of fresh biochars. The increased number of oxygen-containing functional groups of the aged biochars formed a water cluster interaction with norfloxacin (NOR), which was unfavorable to the adsorption of NOR. The adsorption mechanism of biochar on NOR comprises pore filling, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and complexation. CONCLUSION: The adsorption of NOR on biochar before and after aging was spontaneous and was described by quasi-second kinetics and the Langmuir equation. Different aging methods influenced the physicochemical properties and adsorption performance of biochar, and the adsorption capacity of biochar was significantly reduced after aging. Therefore, the influence of climatic factors needs to be considered when using biochar to remove target pollutants. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Poluentes Ambientais , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Águas Residuárias , Glycine max , Antibacterianos , Carvão Vegetal/química , Cinética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/químicaRESUMO
This study aims to explore the mechanism of Dabugan Decoction in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments. Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were used to obtain the possible targets and related signaling pathways of Dabugan Decoction in the treatment of GAD. The GAD rat model was established, and the corresponding drugs were given by gavage after randomization. After 28 days of continuous intervention, the anxiety state of rats was detected, and the pathological changes of the hippocampus were detected in each group. ELISA and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression levels of related molecules. A total of 65 drug compounds in Dabugan Decoction were obtained, involving 403 targets of action, 7 398 disease targets of GAD, and 279 common targets of "drug-disease". The key nodes in the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network were Akt1, TNF, IL-6, TP53, IL-1ß, etc. Function analysis of Gene Ontology(GO) and enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) showed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was the most important pathway. The results of molecular docking showed that the core components of the drug had good binding activity with the corresponding key targets. Animal experiments showed that Dabugan Decoction could effectively improve the anxiety behavior of rats and increase the open arm end movement distance and total distance of rats in the elevated cross labyrinth, the number and stay time of entering the open box, and the time(%) and the number of entering the center of the open field. At the same time, HE staining and Nicil staining showed that the number of hippocampal nerve cells in rats increased, and they were closely arranged. The damage to the cell body was improved, and there was an increase in Nissl substances in the cells. The expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in rat hippocampus decreased, and the expression of TP53, p-Akt1, and p-PI3K increased. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the inhibition of inflammatory response. Dabugan Decoction can play a good therapeutic and regulatory role in GAD, reflecting the overall effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compound and the characteristics of multiple targets and multiple pathways. At the same time, it is preliminarily discussed that the state of GAD may be improved by Dabugan Decoction via-activating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting inflammatory response and anti-apoptosis, thus providing experimental data support for the clinical application of Dabugan Decoction.
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Transtornos de Ansiedade , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Farmacologia em Rede , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Animais , Ratos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Masculino , Transtornos de Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Mapas de Interação de Proteínas , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMO
The type of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature are the main reasons affecting the properties of the resulting biochar. Therefore, this paper investigates the effects of different feedstocks (peanut shell, corn straw and soybean straw) and different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 450 and 600 â) on the structural morphology and elemental composition of the resulting biochar. The optimum pyrolysis temperature of 600 â was selected based on the comparison of the adsorption of NFX (norfloxacin) by the biochar prepared at different temperatures. Characterization of biochar materials using x-ray diffractometer, fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscope to study the changes in the physicochemical and structural properties of biochar. The results showed that the pH, surface area and ash content of biochar are increased with increasing temperature. The results of isothermal adsorption and adsorption kinetics experiments showed that the adsorption processes of the three biochar species on NFX were consistent with the Langmuir model and Pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption process occurred in the surface layer of the biochar and was dominated by chemisorption. The inhibition of the adsorption of NFX was more obvious with the higher valence state of cations and the higher ion concentration. The adsorption mechanism of biochar on NFX includes pore filling, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.
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Norfloxacino , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Norfloxacino/química , Águas Residuárias , Adsorção , Carvão Vegetal/química , Cinética , Poluentes Químicos da Água/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Questionnaires have been used in the past 2 decades to predict the diagnosis of vertigo and assist clinical decision-making. A questionnaire-based machine learning model is expected to improve the efficiency of diagnosis of vestibular disorders. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire-based machine learning model that predicts the diagnosis of vertigo. METHODS: In this multicenter prospective study, patients presenting with vertigo entered a consecutive cohort at their first visit to the ENT and vertigo clinics of 7 tertiary referral centers from August 2019 to March 2021, with a follow-up period of 2 months. All participants completed a diagnostic questionnaire after eligibility screening. Patients who received only 1 final diagnosis by their treating specialists for their primary complaint were included in model development and validation. The data of patients enrolled before February 1, 2021 were used for modeling and cross-validation, while patients enrolled afterward entered external validation. RESULTS: A total of 1693 patients were enrolled, with a response rate of 96.2% (1693/1760). The median age was 51 (IQR 38-61) years, with 991 (58.5%) females; 1041 (61.5%) patients received the final diagnosis during the study period. Among them, 928 (54.8%) patients were included in model development and validation, and 113 (6.7%) patients who enrolled later were used as a test set for external validation. They were classified into 5 diagnostic categories. We compared 9 candidate machine learning methods, and the recalibrated model of light gradient boosting machine achieved the best performance, with an area under the curve of 0.937 (95% CI 0.917-0.962) in cross-validation and 0.954 (95% CI 0.944-0.967) in external validation. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire-based light gradient boosting machine was able to predict common vestibular disorders and assist decision-making in ENT and vertigo clinics. Further studies with a larger sample size and the participation of neurologists will help assess the generalization and robustness of this machine learning method.
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Aprendizado de Máquina , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vertigem , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Vertigem/diagnósticoRESUMO
Cholesteatoma of the middle ear is a common disease in otolaryngology, which can lead to serious intracranial and extracranial complications. Recent studies showed that the dysregulation of microRNA may be involved in the formation of middle ear cholesteatoma. This study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of micro ribonucleic acid 508-3p (miR-508-3p) on proliferation and apoptosis of middle ear cholesteatoma cells and excavate its underlying regulatory mechanism. We found miR-508-3p expression was upregulated in tissues and cells of cholesteatoma which was inversely related to the expression of hsa_circ_0000007. Overexpression of miR-508-3p could notably facilitate cholesteatoma cell proliferation. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-508-3p bound the 3'-untranslated region of its downstream mRNA PTEN. Gain and loss of functions of miR-508-3p were performed to identify their roles in the biological behaviors of cholesteatoma cells, including proliferation and apoptosis. Rescue assays confirmed that PTEN could reverse the effect of miR-508-3p overexpression on cell proliferation. In a word, this study validated that the development of cholesteatoma may regulated by hsa_circ_0000007/miR-508-3p/ PTEN/ PI3K/Akt axis.
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Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genética , RNA Circular/metabolismo , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Apoptose/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Proliferação de Células/genética , Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/patologia , Colesteatoma da Orelha Média/cirurgia , Orelha Média/patologia , Orelha Média/cirurgia , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Células HaCaT , Humanos , Masculino , MicroRNAs/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Cultura Primária de Células , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The application of Atrazine in soil has always been a main problem in agriculture because its residuals may maintain in the soil for a long term. In this paper, two strains of Atrazine degrading bacteria (Klebsiella sp. FH-1 and Arthrobacter sp. NJ-1) were used to make biological compound microbial inoculum to repair the Atrazine contaminated typical black soil in Northeast China. Grain chaff was chosen as the optimal carrier material for microbial inoculum. The dynamic changes of Atrazine were detected by gas chromatography. The half-life of Atrazine in soil containing microbial inoculum was shortened from 9.8 d to 4.2 d. The Atrazine sensitive crops grown in the repaired soil showed increased stem length, root length, and emergence rate. The effects of microbial remediation on the original bacterial and fungal biota in the typical black soil in Northeast China were analyzed using the metagenomic approach. Results showed that Atrazine inhibited the original bacteria and fungi populations. The total numbers of bacterial and fungal species in the soil were partially recovered by adding the microbial inoculum. Two genera (Sphingosinicella and Sphingomonas) were the dominant bacteria. The beneficial bacterial biota was recovered and the number of species of the beneficial bacteria was higher than that in the original soil after adding the microbial inoculum. The dominant fungi included genera Guehomyces and Chaetomella. There was a total of 113 unclassified fungal genera (22.6% of 499), indicating the potential utility of the unclassified fungal species in the assessment of the soil contamination by Atrazine.
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Arthrobacter/metabolismo , Atrazina/metabolismo , Herbicidas/metabolismo , Klebsiella/metabolismo , Microbiologia do Solo , Agricultura , Biodegradação Ambiental , China , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , MicrobiotaRESUMO
The purpose of this study is to enhance the biodegradability of atrazine with FH-1 and NJ-1 alone by selecting the mixing ratio, optimizing the culture medium and conditions. The results showed that FH-1 and NJ-1 have the best biodegradation effect on atrazine being mixed in a volume ratio of 3:2. In a single factor experiment, sucrose and NH4Cl provided carbon and nitrogen sources for the mixed bacteria. Subsequently, composition of fermentation medium was further optimized using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Based on the results, growth of mixed bacteria and biodegradation of atrazine performed best effects with a biodegradation rate of 85.6% when sucrose and NH4Cl amounts were 35.30 g/L and 10.28 g/L. The optimal medium condition was 10% inoculum of mixed bacteria, with initial atrazine concentration of 50 mg/L, neutral or weakly alkaline pH value, 30°C. The biodegradation rate reached 97.4%, 11.8% higher than the unoptimized condition.
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Atrazina/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Herbicidas/metabolismo , Klebsiella/metabolismo , Arthrobacter/metabolismo , Atrazina/análise , Carbono/metabolismo , Herbicidas/análise , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorption capacity of atrazine and the effects of different environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, Ca2+ and biochar on the adsorption characteristics of atrazine in different types of soil using the intermittent adsorption method. The kinetic experiment showed that the adsorption of atrazine in albic, black and saline-alkaline soils reached equilibrium within 24 h. In the thermodynamics experiment, the Freundlich model effectively described the adsorption characteristics of atrazine in all three types of soil, indicating that the adsorption process forms multi-molecular layers. Lower soil pH conditions were more favorable for the absorption of atrazine. The addition of appropriate concentrations of Ca2+ or biochar could promote the adsorption of atrazine by the soil. Biochar could promote the fixation of atrazine in soils.
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Atrazina/análise , Herbicidas/análise , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Solo/química , Adsorção , Carvão Vegetal/química , China , Cinética , Temperatura , TermodinâmicaRESUMO
To identify transmitted and acquired HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in Xinjiang, China, we collected the peripheral blood of 50 treated and 50 treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in this region. We successfully amplified 36 reverse transcriptase and 42 protease gene sequences of HIV-1 from 51 individuals and identified mutations associated with resistance to reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) inhibitors (RTIs and PIs) according to Stanford Drug Resistance Database. Among the drug-treated individuals, the results showed that K103N in the RT region was the most frequent mutation, found in 67% (6/9) of the cases, followed by M184V with 56% (5/9). Five individuals had both nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations after more than 12 months of treatment. Among the untreated individuals, 33% (9/27) were found to harbor drug resistance mutations in the RT gene. K103N occurred at the highest rate, accounting for 22% (6/27), followed by P225H (7%) and Y188L (4%). Neither of the two groups showed any major resistance mutations to PIs. Our study revealed that the prevalence of drug resistance was relatively high in Xinjiang and that K103N occurred at the highest rate. These results suggest that it is important to carry out HIV drug resistance testing, especially for the K103N mutation in the RT region, before and during the treatment process. This study may help to guide ART strategies in the Xinjiang region.
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Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Farmacorresistência Viral , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , China/epidemiologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Feminino , Genótipo , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/classificação , HIV-1/genética , HIV-1/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective To observe the correlation between the distribution of Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes and CD4 + T lymphocyte counts of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in Xin- jiang region. Methods Totally data (four diagnostic information of CM) of 787 HIV+ patients were collected and syndrome typed from 6 places with higher incidence of AIDS (Urumqi region, Aksu region, Turpan region, Yili region, Kashi region, and Bazhou region). CD4 + T lymphocyte counts were detected in AIDS patients with each syndrome. The correlations of CD4 + T lymphocyte counts and distributions of CM syndrome types were ana- lyzed. Results Qi-yin deficiency syndrome (QYDS) and qi deficiency and dampness resistance syndrome (QDDRS) were dominant in AIDS patients in Urumqi region and Aksu region. Gan stagnation qi stasis syn- drome (GSQSS) was more often seen in AIDS patients in Turpan region. QDDRS was more often seen in AIDS patients in Yili Region. Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (GSYDS) was more often seen in AIDS patients in Kashi region. QYDS was more often seen in AIDS patients in Bazhou region. Fei-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (FSYDS) was more often seen in AIDS patients with CD4 T lymphocytes less than 200/µL. FSYDS and qi stag- nation phlegm coagulation syndrome (QSPCS) were more often seen in AIDS patients with CD4+ T lympho- cytes ranging 201 -350/µL. QDDRS and QYDS were more often seen in AIDS patients with CD4 + T lymphocytes ranging 351 -500/µL. Unconsolidated Fei-qi syndrome (UFQS) and Pi-qi deficiency syndrome (PQDS) were more often seen in AIDS patients with CD4+ T lymphocytes more than 501/µL (P <0. 05). Conclusions There existed different T-lymphocyte levels in AIDS patients with various syndrome types of CM in Xinjiang region, with certain correlation. Along with decreased CD4+T lymphocyte counts, AIDS patients' CM syndromes mani- fested a changing process from superficiality to interior syndrome, and from intermingled syndromes of defi- ciency and excess to deficiency syndrome.
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Qi , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/terapia , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Humanos , Síndrome , Deficiência da Energia YinRESUMO
F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBW7) is a member of the F-box protein family that regulates cell cycle progression and cell growth and differentiation. FBW7 also functions as a tumor suppressor. A cisplatin (CDDP)-based multidrug chemotherapy regimen is standard for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but drug resistance is an increasing problem. Here, we evaluated the relationship between FBW7 and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), and its correlation with drug resistance in NPC, and explored the mechanism underlying drug resistance to CDDP in this disease. We used cell viability assays, Western blotting, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference to investigate the underlying mechanism underlying CDDP resistance in a NPC cell line. The expression of FBW7 and MRP was detected by Western blotting after siRNA interference in the CDDP-resistant NPC cell line, CNE2-CDDP. The 3-(4 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate drug sensitivity of various types of antitumor drugs, including paclitaxel (PCX), CDDP, fluorouracil (5-FU), and vincristine (VCR). We found that siRNA-mediated upregulation of FBW7 significantly increased CDDP chemosensitivity. The IC50 values of CDDP in siRNA-FBW7-CNE2-CDDP and FBW7-CNE2-CDDP-NC cells were 2.485 ± 0.155 and 4.867 ± 0.442 µmol/mL, respectively. The IC50 values of PCX, CDDP, 5-FU, and VCR were significantly decreased in siRNA-FBW7-CNE2 than in FBW7-CNE2-NC (3.46 ± 0.14 vs. 46.21 ± 6.03 µmol/mL; 3.76 ± 0.54 vs. 39.45 ± 0.96 µmol/mL; 2.14 ± 1.67 vs. 28.76 ± 1.89 µmol/mL; 4.43 ± 0.89 vs. 87.90 ± 3.45 µmol/mL, respectively). The IC50 of CDDP was significantly less in siRNA-FBW7-CNE2-CDDP than in FBW7-CNE2-CDDP-NC. The level of FBW7 expression in CNE2 cells was correlated with CDDP chemosensitivity. siRNA-mediated upregulation of FBW7 expression downregulated the expression of MRP, significantly increasing drug sensitivity in CNE2 cells.
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Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/biossíntese , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Proteínas F-Box/biossíntese , Proteínas Associadas à Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/biossíntese , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/biossíntese , Carcinoma , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/genética , Proteínas F-Box/genética , Proteína 7 com Repetições F-Box-WD , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Proteínas Associadas à Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/genética , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patologia , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genéticaRESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs of endogenous origin that play an important role in tumor development. Here, we examined the role of miR-152 in supragalottic laryngeal carcinoma. The expression of miR-152 was assessed by real-time PCR in tissues from 83 patients with supragalottic laryngeal carcinoma in relation to clinicopathological parameters. Cell viability was assessed by thiazolyl blue assay in Hep-2 cells transfected with miR-152 mimics or a negative control. MiR-152 was significantly downregulated in supragalottic laryngeal carcinoma tissues (t = 12.65, p < 0.001, paired t test), and its expression was correlated with pT stage (χ(2) = 26.88, p < 0.001) and pN stage (z = -3.56, p < 0.001) in patients with supragalottic laryngeal carcinoma. MiR-152 inhibited the proliferation of Hep-2 cells. MiR-152 may serve as a novel prognostic marker in patients with supragalottic laryngeal carcinoma.
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Proliferação de Células , Neoplasias Laríngeas/genética , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patologia , MicroRNAs/genética , Idoso , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the expression, function, and possible mechanism of Src in the Hep-2 cell line. We used Src-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit the expression of Src in Hep-2 cells. RT-PCR and Western blot were applied to evaluate the expression level of Src after RNA interference, and the MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to observe the expression of PI-3 K and Akt. siRNA can downregulate the expression of Src in Hep-2 cells. Downregulation of Src decreased PI-3 K and Akt expression. We found that Src knockdown inhibits the proliferation of Hep-2 cells and the growth of laryngeal carcinoma in vivo. This study has demonstrated that Src participates in the regulation of apoptosis through the Src/PI-3 K/Akt signaling pathway in the Hep-2 cell line. Silencing of Src by siRNA is a viable approach in laryngeal carcinoma treatment.
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Neoplasias Laríngeas/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Transdução de Sinais , Quinases da Família src/genética , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Regulação para Baixo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Laríngeas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Laríngeas/patologia , Camundongos Nus , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Quinases da Família src/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the tongue manifestation features of sexually transmitted and intravenous drug use spread HIV infected population in Xinjiang. METHODS: Recruited were 990 HIV infected subjects in Xinjiang from May 2011 to March 2012, who were assigned to the intravenous drug use spread HIV infected (498 cases) and the sexually transmitted (492 cases). By using tongue figure shoot combined with analyses of experts, tongue manifestations were analyzed and compared between the sexually transmitted and the intravenous drug use spread from four aspects, i.e., the tongue color, the tongue shape, the fur color, and the fur property. RESULTS: Compared with the sexually transmitted population, red tongue, fissured tongue, yellow fur, thick fur, eroded fur, deficiency of fur fluid were more often seen, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the intravenous drug use spread population, pale tongue, white fur, and thin fur were more often seen, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The tongue manifestations of the intravenous drug use spread HIV population reflected inner exuberance of evil toxin and heat impairing qi and yin. Compared with the intravenous drug use spread population, the attack of HIV infection was more hiding in the sexually transmitted population, with milder internal injury. Their Wei-qi was not damaged and no obvious change occurred in the tongue figure.
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Infecções por HIV/patologia , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Língua/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/diagnóstico , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis/patologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Biogas slurry is not suitable for liquid fertilizer due to its high amounts of volatile materials being of complicated composition and peculiar smell. In order to remove volatiles from biogas slurry efficiently, the dynamic headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to clear the composition of volatiles. Nitrogen stripping and superfluous ozone were also used to remove volatiles from biogas slurry. The results showed that there were 21 kinds of volatile compounds in the biogas slurry, including sulfur compounds, organic amines, benzene, halogen generation of hydrocarbons and alkanes, some of which had strong peculiar smell. The volatile compounds in biogas slurry can be removed with the rate of 53.0% by nitrogen stripping and with rate of 81.7% by the oxidization and stripping of the superfluous ozone. On this basis, the removal rate of the volatile compounds reached 99.2% by chloroform and n-hexane extraction, and almost all of odor was eliminated. The contents of some dissolved organic compounds decreased obviously and however main plant nutrients had no significant change in the biogas slurry after being treated.
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Biocombustíveis , Esterco , Ozônio/química , Solventes/química , Animais , Nitrogênio/química , Oxirredução , Suínos , VolatilizaçãoRESUMO
Cholesteatoma of the middle ear is a common disease in otolaryngology that is receiving increasing attention. It is estimated that over five million people around the world have suffered from middle ear cholesteatoma. The annual incidence of middle ear cholesteatoma has been reported to be 9.2 per 100,000 in adults and 3 per 100,000 in children. Without timely discovery and intervention, cholesteatomas can become perilously large and damage intratemporal structures, causing various intracranial and extracranial complications. No practical nonsurgical treatments are currently available. Although multiple hypotheses exist, research directions have consistently focused on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and bone destruction. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have recently received increasing attention because of their key roles in gene expression, cell cycle regulation, and the development of many diseases. Although ncRNAs are not involved in protein translation, they are abundant in the genome, with only approximately 2% of genes encoding proteins and the remaining approximately 98% encoding ncRNAs. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the specific role of ncRNAs in middle ear cholesteatoma.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with ototoxicity, which is caused by external factors. Mitophagy plays a key role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and function and is regulated by a series of key mitophagy regulatory proteins and signaling pathways. The results of ototoxicity models indicate the importance of this process in the etiology of ototoxicity. A number of recent investigations of the control of cell fate by mitophagy have enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms by which mitophagy regulates ototoxicity and other hearing-related diseases, providing opportunities for targeting mitochondria to treat ototoxicity.
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Administration of cisplatin, a common chemotherapeutic drug, has an inevitable side effect of sensorineural hearing loss. The main etiologies are stria vascularis injury, spiral ganglion degeneration, and hair cell death. Over several decades, the research scope of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity has expanded with the discovery of the molecular mechanism mediating inner ear cell death, highlighting the roles of reactive oxygen species and transport channels for cisplatin uptake into inner ear cells. Upon entering hair cells, cisplatin disrupts organelle metabolism, induces oxidative stress, and targets DNA to cause intracellular damage. Recent studies have also reported the role of inflammation in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In this article, we preform a narrative review of the latest reported molecular mechanisms of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, from extracellular to intracellular. We build up a signaling network starting with cisplatin entering into the inner ear through the blood labyrinth barrier, disrupting cochlear endolymph homeostasis, and activating inflammatory responses of the outer hair cells. After entering the hair cells, cisplatin causes hair cell death via DNA damage, redox system imbalance, and mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, culminating in programmed cell death including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagic death, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Based on the mentioned mechanisms, prominent therapeutic targets, such as channel-blocking drugs of cisplatin transporter, construction of cisplatin structural analogues, anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, cell death inhibitors, and others, were collated. Considering the recent research efforts, we have analyzed the feasibility of the aforementioned therapeutic strategies and proposed our otoprotective approaches to overcome cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Ototoxicidade , Humanos , Cisplatino/toxicidade , Cisplatino/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Células Ciliadas Auditivas , Ototoxicidade/etiologia , Ototoxicidade/metabolismo , Cóclea , ApoptoseRESUMO
Introduction: The Songnen Plain is one of the three major saline-alkali areas in China, covering a vast area, where drought and overgrazing have exacerbated the salinization trend, and will have great potential for development if utilized rationally. Phosphorus, as one of important soil nutrients, plays a crucial role in plant growth. How to minimize its loss and migration has become a current research hotspot. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the adsorption properties of phosphorus in soils affected by salinization and to establish the correlation between the potential for phosphorus release and soil properties. Methods: A batch treatment test was conducted in this study using three soils with the various salinization degrees to examine the impact of environmental factors on the adsorption properties and potential release of phosphorus. Results and discussion: It was found that the maximum phosphorus adsorption by the three salinization soils in 0-360 minutes accounted for 86.8%-90.5% of the total adsorption capacity; the equilibrium adsorption capacity was: HS> MS> LS. In cases where the phosphorus level in the surrounding liquid is low, the three levels of salinized soils exhibited varying levels of phosphorus discharge, with the adsorbent acting as the origin of contaminants. The Pseudo-second-order model kinetics and Langmuir equation can well describe the adsorption process, and the adsorption process is spontaneous heat absorption with entropy increase. Increasing the pH led to an increase in the adsorption of phosphorus from the three salinized soils. Additionally, the adsorption was enhanced by introducing varying concentrations of Na+, Ca2+, and Al3+ to the background solution. The phosphorus eutrophication release risk (ERI) demonstrated a gradual decline as temperature increased. Correlation analysis revealed a noteworthy positive correlation between TN, TP, and ERI, as well as a significant negative correlation between CEC, K+, and ERI. Furthermore, there was a highly significant negative correlation between coarse silt and fine silt. Considering local climatic and environmental factors is crucial for controlling the adsorption capacity of phosphorus in various salinized soils, as it can unveil the mechanism of phosphorus adsorption and impact its migration and release risk.
RESUMO
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are newly emerging estrogenic environmental pollutants, which attracted widespread public interest owing to their potential threats to human. Here, the interaction between two typical aromatic OPFRs, TPHP/EHDPP and HSA was researched by different experiments. Experimental results indicated that TPHP/EHDPP can insert the site I of HSA and be encircled by several amino acid residues, Asp451, Glu292, Lys195, Trp214 and Arg218 played vital roles in this binding process. At 298 K, the Ka value of TPHP-HSA complex was 5.098 × 104 M-1, and the Ka value of EHDPP-HSA was 1.912 × 104 M-1. Except H-bonds and van der Waals forces, the π-electrons on the phenyl ring of aromatic-based OPFRs played a pivotal role in maintaining the stability of the complexes. The content alterations of HSA were observed in the present of TPHP/EHDPP. The IC50 values of TPHP and EHDPP were 157.9 µM and 31.14 µM to GC-2spd cells, respectively. And the existence of HSA has a regulatory effect on the reproductive toxicity of TPHP/EHDPP. In addition, the results of present work implied Ka values of OPFRs and HSA are possible to be a useful parameter for evaluating their relative toxicity.