Use of the Ishii Test for screening sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies.

BACKGROUND: The Ishii Test is recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), however the use of this technique is still little explored in the clinical context and the scientific literature. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the use of the Test of Ishii in screening for sarcopenia in older adults. METHODS: We searched three electronic databases and two reviewers independently screened and assessed the studies. Studies with older adults (60 years or more) of both genders, no year or language restriction and which aimed to evaluate sarcopenia using the Ishii Test and another diagnostic criteria were selected. A summary of the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity were performed using the MedCalc and SPSS software programs, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 3,298 references were identified in the database, 278 by manually searching, and finally 11 studies were included for the review. The screening test showed good sensitivity and specificity in both genders. All studies showed values above the considered value for the Area Under the Curve (AUC) results, without discriminating power (0.500). Four studies used the original values, and five studies developed a new cut-off point. A summary of the AUC curve showed the diamond close to one, indicating that the Ishii test has good performance for screening sarcopenia (I2=83,66%; p<0.001; 95%CI: 69.38 to 91.28 for men; and I2=60.04%; p<0.001; 95%CI: 13.06 to 81.63 for women). CONCLUSION: The Ishii Test can be considered a useful tool for the early identification of sarcopenia in older adults. However, further studies are still needed to understand the behavior of this screening tool. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CRD42023424392.

Contributions of musculoskeletal rehabilitation in patients after chikungunya fever: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Chikungunya fever is an infection transmitted by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is an arbovirus that is transmitted by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The most common sequelae caused by CHIKV are chronic musculoskeletal pain, nerve damage, joint deformation and functional impairment. OBJECTIVE: To systematically identify the literature on the contributions of physiotherapy in the treatment of patients with CHIKV sequelae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic review of the literature, guided by the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The databases used were PUBMED, LILACS, Scielo and PEDro. Experimental studies and/or full case studies published without language restriction or publication data were included, in which they stood out as contributions of musculoskeletal functional rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with the condition in question. Analytical observational studies, editorial letters, review protocols, reflective studies, literature reviews and articles that do not have an abstract and/or full text available online were excluded. RESULTS: The search in the databases was carried out between July and August 2022. A total of 4,782 articles were found on the platforms used and 10 articles from the gray literature search. After the duplicate analysis, 2,027 studies were excluded, leaving 2,755 articles that had their titles and abstracts read, of which 600 articles were selected for full reading. After this step, a final sample of 13 articles was eligible for this review. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The most consolidated approaches used in the literature demonstrate that kinesiotherapy, associated or not with electrothermophototherapy, the pilates method and auriculotherapy are useful resources in the treatment of these individuals, significantly inspired by pain relief, improved quality of life and of functionality.

Muscle strength during pregnancy and postpartum in adolescents and adults.

Adolescent childbirth is associated with worse physical function over the long-term. Differential loss of muscle strength during pregnancy and postpartum for adolescents compared to adults may be one explanation for this, but research examining these differences is lacking. The objective of this study as to assess hand grip strength and hip adduction muscle strength in adolescents and adults during pregnancy and postpartum. A prospective cohort study was carried out with adolescent (13 to 18 years) and adult (23 to 28 years) primigravid women. Assessments were performed at three timepoints: before the 16th gestational week, during the third trimester, and between the fourth and sixth week postpartum. Hand grip strength (continuous and muscle weakness if ≤ 20.67 kgf) and hip adductor measures (continuous and muscle weakness if ≤ 13.8 kgf) were assessed using dynamometry. Generalized estimating equations modelled longitudinal relationships between muscle weakness and age group. More adolescents had hip adductor weakness than adults in the third trimester of pregnancy (62.5% vs. 31.8%, p < 0.005), which was corroborated by the longitudinal analyses. For all women, there were higher odds of hip adductor weakness in the third trimester (OR = 4.35; p< 0.001) and postpartum (OR = 9.45; p < 0.001) compared to the 16th gestational week. No significant difference in HGS was observed between age groups or across the different timepoints. The higher proportion of hip adductor weakness among adolescents may indicate a need for resistance training during and after pregnancy and physical therapy if weakness or injury is noted.

Use of electrical bioimpedance in the assessment of sarcopenia in the older aldults: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: to map and synthesize the main evidence on the use of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and its variables in the assessment of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This is a scoping review carried out by searching for articles available in four databases: PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science and CINAHL, with the following search strategy: Body Composition AND Sarcopenia AND ″electric impedance'' OR ″bioelectrical impedance analysis'' AND Aged. RESULTS: A total of 27,660 older adults made up the sum of the samples of the included studies. Most studies included participants of both sexes (75.6%), used the variable skeletal and/or appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) (75.6%), followed by body fat (8.1%), and phase angle (8.1%) in the assessment of the body composition of subjects with sarcopenia. CONCLUSION: The data from this research show that ASMM and phase angle are the main variables related to sarcopenia screening in community-dwelling older adults. Whereas total extracellular water/body water is still considered a confounding variable in the screening of sarcopenia in the elderly, but it can be considered useful regarding the health conditions of the elderly in the community.

Dissatisfaction with body image and weight gain in middle-aged women: A cross sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between weight gain and body image perception in in middle-aged women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 453 women. Body image was assessed using the Stunkard scale, in which women were classified as: satisfied or dissatisfied (general, thinness or obesity). The identification of possible factors associated with body image dissatisfaction was performed using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 55.7 (±9.6) years; 80.8% were classified as dissatisfied with body image. As for body composition, women satisfied with their body image had lower values of body fat and higher values of lean mass. In the logistic regression, for general dissatisfaction and obesity, the associated variables were BMI, education and physical activity. As for "dissatisfaction with thinness", only BMI was associated. CONCLUSION: Thus, the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction is high in women and part of associated factors are linked to lifestyle behaviors.