RESUMO
BTK inhibitor GDC-0834 (1) was found to be rapidly metabolized in human studies, resulting in a suspension of clinical trials. The primary route of metabolism was through cleavage of the acyclic amide bond connecting the terminal tetrahydrobenzothiophene with the central linker aryl ring. SAR studies were focused on reducing metabolic cleavage of this amide, and resulted in the identification of several central aryl linker substituents that conferred improved stability. The most promising substituted aryl linkers were then incorporated into an optimized pyridazinone scaffold, resulting in the identification of lead analog 23, possessing improved potency, metabolic stability and preclinical properties.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridazinas/química , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinonas/química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Tiofenos/química , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Tirosina Quinase da Agamaglobulinemia , Animais , Cães , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Piridazinas/metabolismo , Piridazinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinonas/metabolismo , Pirimidinonas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Tiofenos/metabolismo , Tiofenos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
SAR studies focused on improving the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the previously reported potent and selective Btk inhibitor CGI-1746 (1) resulted in the clinical candidate GDC-0834 (2), which retained the potency and selectivity of CGI-1746, but with much improved PK in preclinical animal models. Structure based design efforts drove this work as modifications to 1 were investigated at both the solvent exposed region as well as 'H3 binding pocket'. However, in vitro metabolic evaluation of 2 revealed a non CYP-mediated metabolic process that was more prevalent in human than preclinical species (mouse, rat, dog, cyno), leading to a high-level of uncertainly in predicting human pharmacokinetics. Due to its promising potency, selectivity, and preclinical efficacy, a single dose IND was filed and 2 was taken in to a single dose phase I trial in healthy volunteers to quickly evaluate the human pharmacokinetics. In human, 2 was found to be highly labile at the exo-cyclic amide bond that links the tetrahydrobenzothiophene moiety to the central aniline ring, resulting in insufficient parent drug exposure. This information informed the back-up program and discovery of improved inhibitors.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinonas/química , Tiofenos/química , Tirosina Quinase da Agamaglobulinemia , Animais , Benzamidas/química , Benzamidas/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/química , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/metabolismo , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cães , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Pirimidinonas/síntese química , Pirimidinonas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiofenos/síntese química , Tiofenos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
In our continued effort to discover and develop best-in-class Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitors for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, we devised a series of novel tricyclic compounds that improved upon the druglike properties of our previous chemical matter. Compounds exemplified by G-744 are highly potent, selective for Btk, metabolically stable, well tolerated, and efficacious in an animal model of arthritis.