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1.
Can J Kidney Health Dis ; 6: 2054358119892372, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31839975

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are known to increase the risk of stroke. OBJECTIVES: We set out to examine the risk of stroke by kidney function and albuminuria in patients with and without AF. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS: Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 736 666 individuals (>40 years) from 2002 to 2015. MEASUREMENTS: New-onset AF, albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). METHODS: A total of 39 120 matched patients were examined for the risk of ischemic, hemorrhagic, or any stroke event, accounting for the competing risk of all-cause mortality. Interaction terms for combinations of ACR/eGFR and the outcome of stroke with and without AF were examined. RESULTS: In a total of 4086 (5.2%) strokes (86% ischemic), the presence of AF was associated with a 2-fold higher risk for any stroke event and its subtypes of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Across eGFR levels, the risk of stroke was 2-fold higher with the presence of AF except for low levels of eGFR (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.92). Similarly across ACR levels, the risk of stroke was 2-fold higher except for high levels of albuminuria (ACR > 30 mg/g, HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.31-1.99). The adjusted risk of stroke with AF differed by combinations of ACR and eGFR categories (interaction P value = .04) compared with those without AF. Both stroke types were more common in patients with AF, and ischemic stroke rates differed significantly by eGFR and ACR categories. LIMITATIONS: Medication information was not included. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CKD and AF are at a high risk of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic strokes; the risk is highest with lower eGFR and higher ACR and differs based on eGFR and the degree of ACR.


CONTEXTE: La fibrillation auriculaire (FA) et l'insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) augmentent le risque d'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC). OBJECTIF: Nous voulions analyser le risque d'AVC selon la fonction rénale et l'albuminurie chez des patients atteints d'IRC avec ou sans FA. TYPE D'ÉTUDE: Étude de cohorte rétrospective. CADRE: Ontario, Canada. SUJETS: Un total de 736 666 individus (>40 ans) entre 2002 et 2015. MESURES: Les nouveaux cas de FA, le rapport albumine/créatinine urinaire (RAC) et le débit de filtration glomérulaire estimé (DFGe). MÉTHODOLOGIE: Au total, 39 120 patients appariés ont été examinés pour le risque d'AVC ischémique, hémorragique ou autre, en tenant compte du risque concurrent de mortalité toutes causes confondues. Les effets d'interactions des combinaisons RAC/DFGe et de l'issue de l'AVC, avec ou sans FA, ont également été étudiés. RÉSULTATS: Pour un total de 4 086 AVC (5,2 %), dont 86 % d'AVC ischémiques, la présence de FA était associée à un risque deux fois plus élevé de survenue d'un AVC et d'un de ses sous-types (ischémique et hémorragique). Pour l'ensemble des niveaux de DFGe, le risque d'AVC se révélait deux fois plus élevé en présence de FA, sauf pour les faibles valeurs de DFGe (DFGe <30 mL/min/1,73 m2; RR: 1,38; IC 95 %: 0,99-1,92). De même, pour l'ensemble des niveaux de RAC, le risque d'AVC s'avérait deux fois plus élevé en présence de FA, à l'exception des patients présentant une albuminurie élevée (RAC >30 mg/g; RR: 1,61; IC 95 %: 1,31-1,99). Le risque ajusté d'AVC avec FA différait selon les catégories de combinaisons RAC/DFGe (valeur de p de l'interaction: 0,04) lorsque comparé aux cas sans FA. Les deux types d'AVC se sont avérés plus fréquents chez les patients atteints de FA, et les taux d'AVC ischémiques différaient significativement selon les catégories de DFGe et de RAC. LIMITES: Les renseignements sur la médication n'ont pas été inclus. CONCLUSION: Les patients atteints d'IRC et de FA sont plus susceptibles de subir un AVC ischémique, hémorragique ou total. Ce risque s'avère encore plus élevé en présence d'un faible DFGe et d'un RAC élevé, et diffère selon les valeurs de DFGe et de RAC.

2.
Can J Cardiol ; 32(5): 695-700, 2016 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26806792

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Treatment-induced diastolic hypotension has been associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events in post hoc analyses of major blood pressure (BP)-lowering trials. We undertook this retrospective study to assess the prevalence and risk factors for diastolic hypotension among patients referred to a tertiary care hypertension clinic. METHODS: Charts of all active patients were reviewed, and BP at the initial visit was compared with BP at the first visit at which the systolic BP target was achieved or the last visit if the target was not achieved. Diastolic hypotension was defined as diastolic BP < 60 mm Hg. RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-six patients were identified. The mean baseline BP was 142/77 mm Hg, and the mean number of medications was 2.9. Forty-nine (10.5%) patients had diastolic hypotension at baseline, and a further 68 (16%) acquired it during follow-up. Those with baseline diastolic hypotension had no change in the number of antihypertensive medications being taken on follow-up (mean, 3.6-3.7; P = 0.46), and diastolic BP did not change (53-55 mm Hg; P = 0.07). On adjusted analysis, older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; P = 0.0008), diabetes (OR, 2.8; P = 0.002), higher baseline systolic BP (OR, 1.03; P < 0.001), and lower baseline diastolic BP (OR, 0.003; P < 0.001) were predictors of diastolic hypotension at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Treating systolic hypertension resulted in diastolic hypotension in 27% of patients followed at a tertiary care hypertension clinic. Its presence does not usually result in the reduction of antihypertensive therapy. Older patients, patients with diabetes, and patients with isolated systolic hypertension appear to be more susceptible to the development of diastolic hypotension during therapy.


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipotensão/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Canadá/epidemiologia , Complicações do Diabetes/epidemiologia , Diástole , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipotensão/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Atenção Terciária à Saúde
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