Accuracy of Anal Cytology for Diagnostic of Precursor Lesions of Anal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Anal canal carcinoma is relevant because it commonly occurs in high-risk groups, and its incidence has been increasing. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the accuracy of anal cytology in the screening of precursor lesions of anal cancer, compared with histopathologic examination as the reference, in all subjects and in men who have sex with men, HIV-infected men and women, and men who have sex with men and HIV-infected subgroups. DATA SOURCES: The data included studies identified in the MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, Cochrane Library, and Embase electronic databases, as well as in the grey literature. The search terms included anal cancer, anal dysplasia, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, screening, and anal cytology. STUDY SELECTION: After excluding studies with no histopathological data and those with duplicate and missing data, 34 primary studies were included. INTERVENTION: Cytology of anal smears was studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic OR, and area under the curve were measured. RESULTS: A total of 5093 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity of anal cytology was 85.0% (95% CI, 82.0%-87.0%) and pooled specificity was 43.2% (95% CI, 41.4%-45.1%) for the detection of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse versus anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 and normal when measuring all subjects. The accuracy of anal cytology was higher in the men who have sex with men and HIV-infected and men who have sex with men only subgroups. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The study results support the hypothesis that cytology is a good test for the screening of anal cancer.

Accuracy of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A of saliva in early diagnosis of dengue: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic review to synthesize the current evidence on the accuracy of IgM and IgA to early diagnosis the dengue virus. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD 42015024808). We searched for studies in the following electronic database from 1990 to January 2018. The search identified 3507 studies. Five studies were included for quantitative analysis. Three studies included evaluations of salivary IgM provided a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. Two studies included evaluating of IgA salivary showed a combined sensitivity of 69% and a combined specificity of 98%. Despite the results found and the low methodological quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis it is still soon to claim that IgA is better than IgM to diagnosis Dengue.

Mesothelin as a biomarker for ovarian carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

The objective of this work was to estimate the accuracy of mesothelin as a biomarker for ovarian cancer. A quantitative systematic review was performed. A comprehensive search of the Medline, LILACS, SCOPUS, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Biomed Central, and ISI Web of Science databases was conducted from January 1990 to June 2015. For inclusion in this systematic review, the papers must have measured mesothelin levels in at least two histological diagnoses; ovarian cancer (borderline or ovarian tumor) vs. benign or normal ovarian tissue. For each study, 2 x 2 contingency tables were constructed. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio. The verification bias was performed according to QUADAS-2. Statistical analysis was performed with the software Stata 11, Meta-DiSc(r) and RevMan 5.2. Twelve studies were analyzed, which included 1,561 women. The pooled sensitivity was 0.62 (CI 95% 0.58 - 0.66) and specificity was 0.94 (CI 95% 0.92 - 0.95). The DOR was 38.92 (CI 95% 17.82 - 84.99). Our systematic review shows that mesothelin cannot serve alone as a biomarker for the detection of ovarian cancer.

Risk factors and clinical profile of autism spectrum disorder in southern Brazil.

In Brazil, as in other countries, it is expected a significant variation of epidemiological and clinical characteristics among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was performed to explore maternal risk factors and clinical characteristics of children with ASD in a population located in southern Brazil. Data were collected from medical records and analyzed to explore biomarkers associated with ASD. Out of 321 children with ASD, 86.5% were males with a male-to-female ratio of 5.7:1, 50.7% were mild/moderate while 49.3% presented severe ASD. Between the risk factors investigated, gestational infection was significantly associated with severe ASD patients. There was also an association between epilepsy and severe autism. Several gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were significantly associated with severe ASD. Obesity, followed by lower levels of cholesterol, were also significant factors associated with an ASD diagnosis when compared to age-matched controls. Finally, severe ASD was associated with significantly higher serum serotonin levels when compared to age-matched controls and mild/moderate ASD cases. Our findings demonstrate that our population shares many features associated with ASD around the world, such as GI symptoms, epilepsy, and high serotonin levels. It is worth highlighting the low cholesterol levels associated with obesity as an unusual feature that deserves more attention.

The interference of digital radiographic image acquisition and processing protocols in the diagnosis of incipient enamel carious lesions.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the diagnosis of proximal carious lesions through different parameters of execution and visualization of the images. Material and Methods: Proximal carious lesions were artificially induced in human teeth three different times (10, 20, and 30 hours) by in vitro demineralization. The teeth were radiographed with the Dürr digital system using three exposure times (0.10, 0.16, and 0.20s) and three different resolutions in the scanning of the phosphor plates (20-, 25- and 40-line pairs). After acquiring the images, they were submitted to VistaScan Fine, Caries 1, and Caries 2 software filters. Three radiologists analyzed the images in JPEG format. Results: The Pearson's chi-square test showed an association between longer demineralization time and the presence of injury according to the professional's classification. There was no statistically significant association among the other parameters, exposure time, resolution, and use of filters and the presence of a lesion. All parameters showed a greater sensitivity than specificity. The exposure time of 0.2s showed better accuracy, the resolutions 25 and 40lp showed equal results and better than 20lp and the Fine filter obtained better values than the Caries 1 and 2 filters. Conclusions: Despite the variation of parameters, exposure time, resolution, and use of filters, there were no statistically significant differences. For better diagnostic accuracy, it is recommended to use 0.2s of exposure time and a Fine filter, and scan the phosphor plates with 25lp. Key words:Orbital fracture, Etiology, Orbital trauma, Road traffic accidents, Trauma.

Behavioral and inflammatory changes in rats induced by a three-hit stress model: Implications for psychiatric disorders.

Many aspects of the impact of childhood trauma remain unknown, such as the age at which individuals are most vulnerable to trauma, whether traumatic experiences have more severe and lasting effects when experienced early in life, and whether early life trauma causes psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and major depressive disorder (MDD) that persist over time or evolve into other disorders. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the impact of traumatic experiences in childhood on susceptibility to mood disorders in adulthood, particularly MDD. Animal models were used to address these questions, and different stressor protocols at various stages of the offspring's life were used. Three-hit starting with injections of Poly: IC was performed on the 9th day of gestation and then considered the first stressor. After birth, the animals were exposed to the maternal deprivation (MD) protocol, which separated the pups from the mother 3 h a day during the first ten days of life. From the 60th day of life, the animals were divided to receive the chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol over 21 days. The stressors can induce anxiety-like behaviors, such as increased locomotor activity through a maternal immune activation protocol using Poly: IC and demonstrating depressive-like behaviors through the MD and CMS protocols. It also showed changes in brain structures for pro-inflammatory parameters, IL-1ß and TNF-α, and alterations in anti-inflammatory parameters, IL-4 and IL-10, at different ages of life. The study also found that regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is necessary for appropriate neuronal behavior, and stress responses can be both friendly and enemy, with costs and benefits balanced to provide the best-fit result. In conclusion, phenotypic characteristics of animals' life history are shaped by signals transmitted directly or indirectly to developing animals, known as "predictive adaptive responses."

The prevalence of human papillomavirus in ovarian cancer: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in ovarian cancer. METHODS: A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, LILACS, Grey literature and EMBASE was performed for articles published from January 1990 to March 2012. The following MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were searched: "ovarian tumor" or "ovarian cancers" and "HPV" or "human papillomavirus." Included were case-control and cross-sectional studies, prospective or retrospective, that evaluated clinical ovarian cancer and provided a clear description of the use of in situ hybridization, Southern blot hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. The statistical analysis was performed using REVMAN 5.0. RESULTS: In total, 24 primary studies were included in this meta-analysis. Studies from 11 countries on 3 continents contained data on HPV and ovarian cancer, including 889 subjects. Overall, the HPV prevalence in patients with ovarian cancer was 17.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.0%-20.0%). Human papillomavirus prevalence ranged from 4.0% (95% CI, 1.7%-6.3%) in Europe to 31.4% (95% CI, 26.9%-35.9%) in Asia. An aggregate of 4 case-control studies from Asia showed an odds ratio of 2.48 (95% CI, 0.64-9.57). CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of HPV-positive DNA in ovarian cancer cases, but the role of HPV in ovarian cancer remains inconclusive. Further studies are needed to control case to answer this question.

Bifidobacterium lactis CCT 7858 Improves Gastrointestinal Symptoms by Antibiotics Treatment: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Diarrhea is one of the most frequent side effects of antibiotic treatment and occurs in 25 to 40% of patients in use. One potential strategy to prevent this side effect is the concurrent use of probiotics. This study evaluated the efficacy of the strain Bifidobacterium lactis CCT 7858 in the prevention of diarrhea and improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms in hospitalized patients using antibiotics. This was a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. This study included 104 patients in antibiotic treatment. Patients were randomized into two groups: placebo (maltodextrin) and intervention (strain Bifidobacterium lactis CCT 7858 at 9 × 1010 CFU concentration; GABBIA® Biotecnology, Santa Catarina, Brazil). Patients were supplemented depending on the duration of antibiotic therapy, and both were evaluated with scales in two moments: before and after treatment. We included 104 hospitalized patients. In follow-up, 38 (74.5%) of the B. lactis group have no reported diarrhea. In secondary outcomes, in five day strong abdominal distension was reported in 4 (7,3) placebo group and not reported in B. lactis. Abdominal noises, nausea, and vomiting were not registered in any group. B. lactis strain has been considered safe and with several benefits, including reduction of soft stools and gastrointestinal symptoms how abdominal noise, pain and distension, as well reduction of diarrhea.

Suicide Risk Moderates the Relationship Between Stressful Life Events, the Suicidal Narrative, and the Suicide Crisis Syndrome: A Brazilian Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Stressful life events are associated with higher odds of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Furthermore, stressful life events can trigger specific symptoms, including the suicidal narrative and suicide crisis syndrome, resulting in an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study examined the moderating role of suicide risk in the relationship between stressful life events, the suicidal narrative, and the suicide crisis syndrome. METHODS: 2,260 adults completed an online survey recruited through advertisements on social media. The level of emotional distress was assessed through the Suicide Narrative Inventory, Suicide Crisis Inventory-2, Stressful Life Events Questionnaire, and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The PROCESS macro (Hayes) was used to analyze the moderation models. RESULTS: Stressful life events were positively correlated with the suicidal narrative and suicide crisis syndrome. The effects of stressful life events on suicidal narrative and suicide crisis syndrome were strongest when suicide risk was low and weakest when suicide risk was high. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that including stressful life events as part of suicide risk assessment in general and clinical settings is critical to managing treatment for suicidal thoughts and developing adaptive coping.

Profile of workers receiving disability benefits for depressive conditions in south Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Introduction: In recent years, mental disorders have remained the third leading cause of sick-pay benefits due to incapacity for work in Brazil. Objectives: To assess the profile and outcomes of workers receiving sick pay for depression through the Criciúma unit of the Brazilian National Social Security Institute (Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social, INSS). Methods: The study was carried out using data obtained from the Electronic System Portal of the INSS Citizen Information Service of Criciúma, state of Santa Catarina. A total of 343 individuals were selected over a 1-year period. We then analyzed all new benefits granted over a 6-year period. Results: Mild depressive episode was the disorder that prompted the most disability benefits. The mean age was 42 years, with a predominance of female beneficiaries. Overall, 56% of beneficiaries were granted at least one new disability benefit. Mental health disorders were among the leading causes. The duration of new benefits was significantly longer. Conclusions: The typical profile is that of a 42-year-old woman, gainfully employed, earning one to two times the minimum wage, with low educational attainment, who is deemed unfit for work due to a mild depressive episode. Older age was a risk factor for being awarded a new benefit. Benefits classified as due to a more serious condition and those awarded subsequent to the first benefit had a longer duration. Given the relevance of depression to occupational health, we hope that the findings of the present study will contribute to the literature and encourage new research in the field.

Functional health and perceived exertion in artisanal fishermen working offshore.

INTRODUCTION: Fishing is a common means of obtaining raw materials for the food industry and drives a large economic market. OBJECTIVES: This field study aimed to evaluate functional health and work overload in artisanal fishermen. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 42 workers from Zone 18 fishing community in Passo de Torres, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The collected data included presence of pain and its location on a Corlett body diagram, pain severity measured with a visual analog scale, perceived exertion measured with a Borg scale, and grip and lumbar strength measured with dynamometers. RESULTS: Forty percent of fishermen had low back pain and 26% had low back muscle weakness. Perceived exertion was greater in the activity of pulling out the fishing net. DISCUSSION: This professional category requires greater attention with health policies that consider the actual context of their job.

Surgical treatment of necrotizing pneumonia in children: a 10-year assessment. / Tratamento cirúrgico de pneumonia necrosante em crianças em um período de 10 anos.

OBJECTIVE: Necrotizing pneumonia (PNZ) is a severe and rare complication of a community-acquired pneumonia, affecting mainly children. We aimed to analyze medical records of children undergoing surgical treatment for PNZ and compare our results with those found in the medical literature. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of children's medical charts who underwent an operation for PNZ, between July 2006 and July 2016, in two hospitals in southern Santa Catarina, Brazil. RESULTS: A total of 26 children with a median age of 2.70 years and mostly females (61.5%) were included in the current study. The main symptoms were fever (88.5%) and cough (65.4%). There was an average use of 4.31 antibiotics per patient. The primary etiological agent was Staphylococcus aureus (23.1%), but cultures were negative in 69% of the patients. Decortication and debridement of necrotic areas were performed in 23 patients (88.5%). The mean postoperative pleural drainage was 8.12 days. The presence of bronchopleural fistula occurred in 50.0% in the preoperative period and 46.2% in the postoperative. The total length of hospital stay was, on average, 27.52 days and the postoperative length of stay was 12.60 days (mean). Postoperative complications occurred in 13 children and there was no mortality. CONCLUSION: The surgical approach is indicated to patients with no response to clinical treatment. Late surgical intervention is associated with progressive parenchyma infection and higher rates of complications. Surgery can lead to better clinical outcomes and earlier recovery.

OBJETIVO: A pneumonia necrosante (PNS) é uma grave e rara complicação da pneumonia adquirida na comunidade, acometendo principalmente crianças, sendo assim, objetivamos analisar prontuários de crianças submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico de PNS e comparação dos resultados obtidos com os presentes na literatura médica. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de crianças submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico por PNS entre julho de 2006 a julho de 2016 em dois hospitais do sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil. RESULTADOS: Do total de 26 crianças, com mediana de idade 2,70 anos, maioria mulheres (61,5%). Os principais sintomas foram febre (88,5%) e tosse (65,4%). Houve média de 4,31 antibióticos utilizados por paciente. O principal agente etiológico foi o Staphylococcus aureus (23,1%) mas as culturas foram negativas em 69% dos pacientes. Em 23 pacientes realizou-se decorticação e desbridamento das áreas necróticas (88,5%). A média de drenagem pleural pós-operatória foi 8,12 dias. Fístula broncopleural ocorreu em 50,0% no pré-operatório e 46,2% após a cirurgia. O tempo total de internação hospitalar foi, em média, de 27,52 dias e tempo pós-operatório com média de 12,60 dias. Complicações pós-operatórias ocorreram em 13 crianças e não houve mortalidade. CONCLUSÕES: Propõe-se abordagem cirúrgica nos pacientes sem resposta ao tratamento clínico, pois o atraso na intervenção cirúrgica associa-se a infecção progressiva no parênquima pulmonar e taxas maiores de complicações. A cirurgia pode conduzir a melhor evolução clínica e recuperação mais precoce.

[Noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis]. / Monitorização não invasiva da hemoglobina em ensaios clínicos: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The measurement of Hb by co-oximetry is an innovative technique that offers efficiency and agility in the processing of information regarding the measurement of Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) obtained through continuous, non-invasive and rapid monitoring. Because of this attribute, it avoids unnecessary exposures of the patient to invasive procedures by allowing a reduction in the number of blood samples for evaluation and other unnecessary therapies. It also helps to make decisions about the need for transfusion and how to handle it. The objective of this study is to compare the performance offered to obtain Hb values between the Masimo Corporation (Irvine, CA, USA) instrument and the standard gold tool (laboratory examination). CONTENTS: The study corresponds to a systematic review followed by meta-analysis, which included fully registered full-text clinical trials published from 1990 to 2018. PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were investigated. The mean overall difference found between the non-invasive and invasive methods of hemoglobin monitoring was 0.23 (95% CI -0.16, 0.62), that is, it did not present statistical significance (p = 0.250). The results of the analysis of heterogeneity within and between the studies indicated high levels of inconsistency (Q = 461.63, p < 0.0001, I2 = 98%), method for Hb values. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mean difference between noninvasive measurements of Hb and the gold standard method is small, the co-oximeter can be used as a non-invasive "trend" monitor in detecting unexpected responses at Hb levels.

Incidência e fatores de risco associados ao infarto agudo do miocárdio sem obstrução coronariana / Incidence and risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries / Incidencia y factores de riesgo associados al infarto agudo de miocardio sin obstrucción coronaria

Objetivo: identificar a incidência, fatores de risco e desfechos associados ao infarto agudo do miocárdio sem obstrução de artérias coronárias (myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries ­ MINOCA). Método: estudo de coorte prospectivo em prontuários clínicos num hospital terciário do extremo Sul catarinense. Foram incluídos pacientes diagnosticados com infarto agudo do miocárdico (IAM) submetidos a estudo hemodinâmico nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Resultados: ao analisar 445 prontuários, observou-se a ocorrência de MINOCA em 28 pacientes (6,3%). Comparando o grupo MINOCA com o grupo IAM obstrutivo, os pacientes do grupo MINOCA eram mais jovens, com média de 54 anos (DP ± 14; p=0,007), tinham menor incidência de tabagismo (2 versus 156, p<0,001), hipertensão arterial (10 versus 242; p=0,002), menor tempo médio (dias) de internação hospitalar (5,79 ± 3,05 versus 7,49 ± 5,20; p= 0,02) e menos admissões em unidade de tratamento intensivo (5 versus 212; p=0,002). Conclusão: a incidência de MINOCA estimada dentre o total de IAM no Sul de Santa Catarina foi de 6,3% [IC 95]. Os pacientes do grupo MINOCA tiveram menor prevalência de comorbidades, melhor evolução intra-hospitalar e melhor desfecho.

Objective: to identify the incidence, risk factors and outcomes associated with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Method: it is a with prospective cohort study data collection from medical records data. Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) that went through hemodynamic study in 2017 and 2018 were included. Results: when analyzing 445 medical records, the occurrence of MINOCA was observed in 28 patients (6.3%). Comparing the MINOCA group with the obstructive AMI group, patients in the MINOCA group were younger, with a mean age of 54 years (SD ± 14; p=0.007), had a lower incidence of smoking (2 versus 156, p<0.001), hypertension (10 versus 242; p=0.002), shorter mean length of hospital stay (days) (5.79 ± 3.05 versus 7.49 ± 5.20; p= 0.02) and fewer admissions to intensive care unit (5 versus 212; p=0.002). Conclusion: the estimated incidence of MINOCA among the total number of AMI in southern Santa Catarina was 6.3% [CI 95]. Patients in the MINOCA group had a lower prevalence of comorbidities, better in-hospital evolution and better outcome.

Assessment of disability and quality of life among ceramic industry workers.

BACKGROUND: Ceramic industry workers are subjected to several factors, such as high temperature, dust and work in standing position, which in greater or lesser degree might cause discomfort and work-related disorders. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the quality of life and functional capacity of ceramic industry workers. METHODS: The present study had a quantitative cross-sectional design. A total of 189 ceramic industry workers were analyzed. Muscle strength was assessed by means of dynamometry, and the following questionnaires were applied: WHOQOL-Bref for quality of life; Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms, pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ 2.0) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH). RESULTS: Overall, 115 (60.8%) participants described their quality of life as average. The lumbar spine was the body segment most often mentioned as the location of pain 68 (36.0%) participants reported occurrence of pain in the past 12 months and 38 (20.1%) in the past 7 days. A total of 107 (56.6%) participants exhibited upper limb muscle weakness. CONCLUSION: The results evidenced a higher prevalence of pain compared to other professional categories. Muscle weakness, mainly affecting the upper limbs, and self-perceived quality of life as predominantly average show that the state of health of a part of the sample was partially impaired, and while it was not associated with disability, it was perceived as having impact in their personal and professional lives.

INTRODUÇÃO: As indústrias cerâmicas estão sujeitas a uma gama de fatores, como temperatura elevada, poeira, trabalho em pé, que, em maior ou menor grau, podem levar a desconfortos e adoecimentos relacionados ao trabalho. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e a funcionalidade de trabalhadores de indústria cerâmica. MÉTODOS: O presente estudo envolveu uma abordagem transversal quantitativa. Foram avaliados 189 trabalhadores de indústrias cerâmicas, aos quaisforam aplicados o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL-Bref, a avaliação da força muscular por meio de dinamômetros, o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO), a escala visual analógica (EVA), o Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ODQ 2.0), bem como o Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH). RESULTADOS: Na média geral, 115 (60,8%) responderam que sua qualidade de vida é regular. O segmento que os trabalhadores mais se referiram à dor foi a coluna lombar: 68 (36,0%) apresentaram dor nos últimos 12 meses, e 38 (20,1%) nos últimos sete dias. Em membros superiores, 107 (56,6%) exibiram fraqueza muscular. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados desvendam a presença de sintomatologia dolorosa em percentual superior ao encontrado para outras categorias profissionais. A fraqueza muscular, principalmente nos membros superiores, e a percepção sobre a qualidade de vida, que prevaleceu como regular, denotam comprometimento parcial da saúde de parte desses trabalhadores, pois embora não tenha demonstrado ser incapacitante é percebido como impactante nos seus contextos de vida e trabalho.

Avaliação de constipação intestinal em estudantes de nível superior em uma universidade do extremo sul catarinense / Evaluation of intestinal constipation in higher level students at a university in the extreme south of catarina / Evaluación del estreñimiento intestinal en estudiantes de nivel superior de una universidad del extremo sur de catarina

Objetivo: Avaliar a presença de CI em estudantes das fases iniciais e finais dos cursos de Medicina, Nutrição e Engenharia Civil de uma Universidade no Extremo Sul Catarinense -Criciúma, através da ingestão alimentar e hídrica, dos tipos de fezes, se fazem uso, ou não, de alternativas de evacuação, comparando os hábitos alimentares com influência na constipação nos estudantes das três diferentes áreas. Método:Tal estudo foi realizado através de um questionário adaptado com questões sobre os hábitos de vida do indivíduo, juntamente com os critérios de Roma III, Roma IV e Escala de Bristol. Resultados:Caracterizou-se por 158 estudantes, sendo 71,5% (n=113) representam o sexo feminino e apenas 28,5% (n=45), o sexo masculino. A ingestão de líquidos demonstrou-se ser baixa, sendo 33,5% (n=53) ingerem mais que 1600ml/dia. Através da Escala de Bristol, 15,8% (n=25) revelaram evacuar o Tipo 1 e 2, caracterizando CI. Sobre os laxantes, apenas 3,2% (n=5) confirmaram a utilização. Foi verificada CI em 18,6% (n=21) das mulheres e 8,9% (n=4) dos homens. Conclusão:a alimentação destacou ser pobre em fibras. É notório que os estudantes sofrem com sintomas de CI. Através do auxílio de um profissional de nutrição, é necessário que equilibrem sua alimentação com fibras, consumem mais água diariamente e, consequentemente, auxiliem no bom funcionamento intestinal e na melhora da qualidade de vida.

Objective: To evaluate the presence of IC in students in the initial and final stages of Medicine, Nutrition and Civil Engineering courses at a University in the extreme south of Santa Catarina -Criciúma, through food and water intake, types of feces, whether they use, or no, of evacuation alternatives, comparing eating habits with influence on constipation in students from three different areas. Method: This study was carried out through a questionnaire answered with questions about the individual's life habits, together with the criteria of Rome III, Rome IV and Bristol Scale. Results: Characterized by 158 students, 71.5% (n=113) female and only 28.5% (n=45) male. Liquid intake was low, with 33.5% (n=53) ingesting more than 1600ml/day. Through the Bristol Scale, 15.8% (n=25) revealed to evacuate Type 1 and 2, characterizing CI. Regarding laxatives, only 3.2% (n=5) confirmed their use. CI was found in 18.6% (n=21) of women and 8.9% (n=4) of men. Conclusion:the highlighted diet is low in fiber. It is notorious that students suffer from HF symptoms. Through the help of a nutrition professional, it is necessary that they balance their diet with fiber, consume more water daily and, consequently, help in the good intestinal functioning and in the improvement of the qualityof life.

Objetivo:Evaluar la presencia de CI en estudiantes de las etapas inicial y final de las carreras de Medicina, Nutrición e Ingeniería Civil de una Universidad del extremo sur de Santa Catarina -Criciúma, a través de la ingesta de alimentos y agua, tipos de heces, si utilizan , o no, de alternativas de evacuación, comparando los hábitos alimentarios con influencia sobre el estreñimiento en estudiantes de las tres diferentes áreas. Método:Este estudio se realizó mediante un cuestionario adaptado con preguntas sobre el estilo de vida del individuo, junto con los criterios de Roma III, Roma IV y la Escala de Bristol. Resultados:Se caracterizó por 158 estudiantes, 71,5% (n=113) mujeres y sólo 28,5% (n=45) hombres. La ingesta de líquidos resultó ser baja, con un 33,5% (n=53) ingiriendo más de 1.600 ml/día. A través de la Escala de Bristol, el 15,8% (n=25) reveló evacuar Tipo 1 y 2, caracterizando CI. Respecto a los laxantes, sólo el 3,2% (n=5)confirmó su uso. La CI se verificó en el 18,6% (n=21) de las mujeres y en el 8,9% (n=4) de los hombres. Conclusión:la dieta era baja en fibra. Es notorio que los estudiantes padecen síntomas de CI. Con la ayuda de un profesional de la nutrición, es necesario que equilibren su dieta con fibra, consuman más agua diariamente y, en consecuencia, ayuden en el buen funcionamiento intestinal y en la mejora de la calidad de vida.

Hospitalizações por COVID-19 no Brasil: características sociodemográficas, fatores de risco e manifestações clínicas

Objetivo: Comparar as características sociodemográficas, os fatores de risco e as manifestações clínicas da COVID-19 em pessoas hospitalizadas no Brasil entre os anos de 2020 e 2021. Métodos: Estudo transversal cuja amostra foi de 1.150.041 pessoas hospitalizadas. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney e Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Em 2020, as hospitalizações estiveram associadas ao sexo masculino, cardiopatia, diabetes, doença renal, tosse e febre (p<0,001). Em 2021, cor da pele branca, obesidade e síndrome de down foram fatores associados à hospitalização, cujos sintomas envolveram dispneia, saturação de O2 <95% e desconforto respiratório, com maior proporção de óbitos (p<0,001). Internação em UTI não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa. Conclusões: A hospitalização por COVID-19 no Brasil apresentou elevada frequência. No primeiro ano atingiu pessoas com mais idade e que apresentavam comorbidades prévias, e em 2021 se caracterizou pela acentuada carga de sintomas e maior gravidade clínica.

Qualidade de vida de estudantes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em Santa Catarina / Quality of life of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santa Catarina / Calidad de vida de estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Santa Catarina

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida (QV) de estudantes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em Santa Catarina, Brasil. Método: estudo observacional transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado entre junho e dezembro de 2021 em uma universidade particular de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico e WHOQOL-bref. Resultados: dentre os 310 estudantes avaliados, a maioria era do sexo feminino (80,1%), branca (89,7%) e solteira (81,9%). Os domínios físico e psicológico foram afetados significativamente (p < 0,001) quando comparados aos demais domínios. Estudantes do período noturno e vespertino foram mais afetados quando comparados ao período integral nos domínios relações sociais (p = 0,047), meio ambiente (p < 0,001) e geral (p = 0,023). Sofreram maior impacto psicológico, aqueles que residiam com crianças e idosos quando comparados aos que residiam apenas com idosos (p = 0,023). Conclusão: a pandemia da COVID-19 afetou significativamente a QV dos estudantes analisados. Os impactos negativos nos estudantes foram observados conforme o período de estudo e perfil sociodemográfico.

Objective: to assess university students' quality of life (QL) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is a observational cross-sectional survey with a quantitative approach carried out between June and December 2021 at a private university in Santa Catarina, Brazil, through an online form. A sociodemographic test and WHOQOL-bref were used for QoL analysis. Results: among the 310 evaluated students, 80.1% were female, 89.7% were white and 81.9% were single. The physical and psychological domains were significantly affected (p < 0.001). Night-time and afternoon-time students were more affected when compared to full-time students in the social relationships (p = 0.047), environment (p<0.001) and general (p = 0.023) domains. Moreover, students who lived with children and the elderly suffered a more significant psychological impact when compared to those who lived only with the elderly (p = 0.023). Conclusion: the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the QL of academics, mainly in the Physical and Psychological domains. Moreover, negative effects on students were observed according to the period of study and sociodemographic profile.

Urinary EN-2 to predict prostate cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the second type of cancer diagnosed and the fifth cause of death in men worldwide. Early diagnosis helps to control disease progression. Currently, prostate specific antigen is the standard biomarker, as it has a broad scope of identification and, thus, new and more specific biomarkers must be studied. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of engrailed-2 protein (EN2) in urine as a prostate cancer biomarker. METHOD: A comprehensive search was conducted in the period from January 2005 to July 2016 using the following electronic databases: Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library and Lilacs. The keywords used in the databases were: "engrailed-2," "EN2," "prostatic neoplasms." The search was limited to humans and there was no language restriction. Critical appraisal of the included studies was performed according to Quadas-2. Statistical analysis was performed using Meta-DiSc® and RevMan 5.3 softwares. RESULTS: A total of 248 studies were identified. After title and abstract screening, 231 studies were removed. A total of 17 studies were read in full and two studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity was 66% (95CI 0.56-0.75) and specificity was 89% (95CI 0.86-0.92). The DOR was 15.08 (95CI 8.43-26.97). CONCLUSION: The EN2 test showed high specificity (89%) and low sensitivity (66%).