RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The proportion of non-regularly employed persons has increased in Japan, but few studies have examined the relationship between employment status and lung cancer screening (LCS) participation. METHODS: Authors analyzed data from the 2010 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan. The anonymous responses of 28,951 people aged 40-69 years old were analyzed. Authors defined nine employment status categories: unemployed, regularly employed in a large-, middle-, and small-scale company, non-regularly employed in a large-, middle-, and small-scale company, self-employed, and other. LCS participation in the past year was surveyed through a self-reported questionnaire. Sex-specific prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for LCS participation for all employment status categories, using the regularly employed in a middle-scale company category as the reference, were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression analysis, after adjusting for potentially confounding factors. RESULTS: Multivariable-adjusted PRs (95% CI) for LCS participation for the regularly employed in a large-scale company were 1.33 (1.25-1.41) in men and 1.53 (1.38-1.71) in women. Multivariable-adjusted PRs (95% CI) for LCS participation for the non-regularly employed in a middle- and small-scale company compared with the regularly employed in a middle-scale company were 0.81 (0.72-0.92) and 0.62 (0.50-0.76) in men, and 0.89 (0.80-0.99) and 0.80 (0.71-0.91) in women, respectively. CONCLUSION: Regularly employed in a large-scale company had significantly higher LCS participation, and non-regularly employed in a middle- or small-scale company showed significantly lower LCS participation than those who were regularly employed in a middle-scale company.
Assuntos
Emprego , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo , Fumar , Condições Sociais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Engajamento no TrabalhoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Marital status is one of the socio-economic factors associated with health. Several studies have indicated a significant association between marital status and insomnia. The increases in the percentages of unmarried people in Japan are expected to produce a significant impact on insomnia. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between marital status and insomnia. METHODS: The participants were 35 288 people aged 30-59 years selected from the 2010 comprehensive survey of living conditions. We categorized marital status into five groups: single, married couples living with other family members, married couples living without other family members, widowed and divorced. Insomnia-related symptoms (IRS) were based on the participants who chose the answer, 'I couldn't sleep'. Sex-specific multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of IRS according to marital status were calculated using the logistic regression model, which was adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: The proportions of people with IRS were 2.5% in men and 2.8% in women. The multivariable ORs (95% CI) were 1.15 (0.89-1.49) for single, 1.69 (1.11-2.58) for divorced and 1.01 (0.73-1.39) for married couples living without other family members in men, and 1.56 (1.20-2.03) for single, 2.43 (1.83-3.22) for divorced and 1.31 (1.01-1.71) for married couples living without other family members in women. CONCLUSIONS: We found divorced men and single, divorced and married women living without other family members had higher IRS than those who were married couples living with other family members in Japanese. This association was more evident in unemployed men.
Assuntos
Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Divórcio , Feminino , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Estado Civil , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , DesempregoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Short sleep duration (SSD) is reported to be highly associated with socio-economic status. There are few studies on the relationship between employment status and SSD in Japan. METHOD: The authors used the 2006 Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities conducted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Japan, which provides representative samples of Japanese people. The anonymous data of 120,783 people aged 30-59 years were analyzed. Authors defined five categories of employment status: "unemployed," "regularly employed," "non-regularly employed," "self-employed," and "other." Authors also defined a sleep duration shorter than 5 h per night as SSD. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SSD using regular employment as the reference group were calculated using the logistic regression model, adjusting for potential confounding factors, i.e., age, marital status, education level, communication device use, and the amount of time spent on various daily activities. RESULTS: The prevalence of SSD was 2.8% (1639/58,308) in men and 3.2% (1976/62,475) in women. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) of SSD for the self-employed was 0.78 (0.65-0.92) in men and 1.78 (1.43-2.21) in women after adjustment for potential confounding factors, i.e., age, marital status, education level, and communication device use. Further adjustment for the time spent on daily activities revealed that the OR (95% CI) of SSD for the self-employed was 0.78 (0.65-0.92) in men and 1.89 (1.52-2.36) in women. CONCLUSION: Self-employed women had a higher prevalence of SSD. By contrast, self-employed men had a lower prevalence of SSD.
Assuntos
Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Atividades de Lazer , Sono/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Estado Civil , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Desemprego/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine which sources of worry and stress are associated with smoking behavior and if these associations are varied by gender. Methods: The anonymous data of 28,588 men and 30,813 women aged 20-79 years old in Japan were analyzed. We defined the subjects who chose "smoking everyday" as "smokers." We also assessed 20 sources of worry and stress. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of smoking for each source of worry and stress were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Results: We found significant association of financial stress with smoking behavior in both genders. The multivariable OR (95% CI) of smoking according to stress from financial stress was 1.22 (1.15-1.31) in men and 1.66 (1.53-1.80) in women. Moreover, the OR of smoking according to stress from human relationships and job affairs was significantly higher for women. Conclusion: We found that some sources of worry and stress were related to smoking behavior and these associations were found to be gender-specific.
RESUMO
This study examined whether employment category was associated with insomnia-related symptoms (IRS). We analyzed the 2010 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan. The anonymous data of 43,865 people ranging from 20-59â yr of age were analyzed. We defined six employment categories: regularly employed, non-regularly employed, self-employed, others, unemployed and not in the labor force. Sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of IRS were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors. We further conducted stratified analyses by mental illness, smoking status, and age. For men, the multivariable ORs (95% CI) of IRS for the unemployed and those who were not in the labor force were 2.5 (1.8-3.4) and 2.1 (1.2-3.7). For women, the multivariable ORs (95% CI) for the unemployed was 1.9 (1.5-2.5). After being stratified by mental illness, we found that the associations were not significant in persons with mental illness, and were more evident in persons without mental illness. Smoking and age did not modify the associations. In conclusion, we found a significantly higher OR of IRS for the unemployed, and men who were not in the labor force. These associations were particularly more evident for individuals without mental illness.